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Religions 2400 Judaism > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Ahasurus

A

Persian king and husband of Esther

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2
Q

Aliya

A

immigration of the jews from dispora to the land of Israel

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3
Q

Amida

A

Core prayer to Jewish Worship

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4
Q

Antiochus IV

A

a Hellenistic Greek king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BCE until his death in 164 BCE

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5
Q

Aron Kodesh

A

Ark in the Synagogue used to store the Torah scrolls

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6
Q

Beit Knesset

A

House of assemble, synagogue

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7
Q

Beit Midrash

A

House of Study, synagogue

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8
Q

Beit Tefilah

A

House of Prayer, synagogue

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9
Q

Berakhot

A

Jewish Benediction found in the Mishnah

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10
Q

Bimah

A

platform or podium in the synagogue from which the Torah and the Prophets is read

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11
Q

Brit Milah

A

Circumcision ceremony of male jewish infants

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12
Q

Cantor

A

person who leads the synagogue congregation in the chants

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13
Q

Challah

A

Jewish Sabbath‑and‑holiday bread

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14
Q

Chametz/Khametz

A

leavened foods that are forbidden on the Jewish holiday of Passover

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15
Q

Charoset

A

sweet relish eaten at the Seder meal of passover that represents the mortar that the slaves used to build the cities.

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16
Q

Chazzan

A

a Jewish musician, or precentor, trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer

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17
Q

Cholent

A

a traditional Jewish stew. It is usually simmered overnight for 12 hours or more, and eaten for lunch on Shabbat

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18
Q

Counting of the Omer

A

an important verbal counting of each of the forty-nine days between the Jewish holidays of Passover and Shavuot as stated in the Hebrew Bible

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19
Q

Daven

A

Eastern Yiddish word meaning to recite the prescribed prayers in a Jewish liturgy

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20
Q

Day of Atonement

A

Holiest day of the Jewish Calendar, known also as Yom Kippur. Allows you to atone or offending God

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21
Q

Omer

A

unit of measure of grain

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22
Q

Days of Awe

A

The 10 high holy days that begins with Rosh Hashanah and ends with Yom Kippur

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23
Q

Dreidel

A

a Jewish variant on the teetotum, a gambling toy found in many European cultures. Each side of the dreidel bears a letter of the Hebrew alphabet

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24
Q

Esther

A

is the eponymous heroine of the Book of Esther. According to the Hebrew Bible, Esther was a Jewish queen of the Persian king

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25
Q

Etrog

A

is the yellow citron or Citrus medica used by Jewish people during the week-long holiday of Sukkot

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26
Q

Gelt

A

to money as well as chocolate coins given to Jewish children on the festival of Hanukkah

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27
Q

Haftarah

A

a series of selections from the books of Nevi’im (“Prophets”) of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice

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28
Q

Haggadah

A

Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder as well as the retelling of exodus

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29
Q

Haman

A

main antagonist in the Book of Esther, who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was a vizier in the Persian empire under King Ahasuerus

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30
Q

Hamantaschen

A

filled-pocket cookie or pastry recognizable for its triangular shape

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31
Q

Hanukkah/Chanukah

A

a Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt

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32
Q

Hanukkiah

A

a special type of menorah made just for Hanukkah

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33
Q

Havdalah

A

a Jewish religious ceremony or formal prayer marking the end of the Sabbath

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34
Q

HIgh Holy Days

A

more properly known as the Yamim Noraim (Days of Awe), may mean: strictly, the holidays of Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)

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35
Q

Huppah

A

a canopy under which a Jewish couple stand during their wedding ceremony

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36
Q

Kaballat Shabbat

A

a mystical ritual designed to welcome Shabbat

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37
Q

Kaddish

A

a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God’s name

38
Q

Kashrut

A

a set of Jewish religious dietary laws

39
Q

Ketubah

A

a special type of Jewish prenuptial agreement. It is considered an integral part of a traditional Jewish marriage, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of the groom, in relation to the bride

40
Q

Kippah

A

a brimless cap, usually made of cloth, worn by Jews to fulfill the customary requirement held by orthodox halachic authorities

41
Q

Kol Nidre

A

an Aramaic prayer annulling vows made before God, sung by Jews at the opening of the Day of Atonement service on the eve of Yom Kippur

42
Q

Kosher

A

foods that conform to the codes of Kashrut

43
Q

L’kah Dodi

A

a Hebrew-language Jewish liturgical song recited Friday at dusk, usually at sundown, in synagogue to welcome Shabbat prior to the Maariv (evening services). It is part of the Kabbalat Shabbat (“welcoming of Sabbath”)

44
Q

Lamentations

A

Book traditionally read on Tisha B’Av

45
Q

Latkes

A

potato pancakes

46
Q

Lulav

A

closed frond of the date palm tree. It is one of the Four Species used during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot

47
Q

Maccabees

A

were the leaders of a Jewish rebel army that took control of Judea, which at the time had been a province of the Seleucid Empire

48
Q

Matzah

A

unleaven bread prepared for passover

49
Q

Menorah

A

he seven-lamp (six branches) ancient Hebrew lampstand made of pure gold and used in the portable sanctuary

50
Q

Mezuzzah

A

A small parchment scroll upon which the Hebrew words of the Shema are handwritten by a scribe

51
Q

Mikveh

A

a bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism

52
Q

Minhah

A

prayers are offered in the afternoon

53
Q

Mohel

A

a Jew trained in the practice of brit milah, the “covenant of circumcision.”

54
Q

Mordechai

A

one of the main personalities in the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible. He was the son of Jair, of the tribe of Benjamin

55
Q

Ner Tamid

A

lamp that burns perpetually in Jewish synagogues before or near the ark of the Law

56
Q

Niddah

A

a Hebrew term describing a woman during menstruation, or a woman who has menstruated, and not yet completed the associated requirement of immersion in a mikveh (ritual bath)

57
Q

Pareve/Parve

A

prepared without meat, milk, or their derivatives and therefore permissible to be eaten with both meat and dairy dishes according to dietary laws

58
Q

Passover

A

holiday that commemorates the freedom of the Jews from enslavement in Egypt

59
Q

Pesach

A

Hebrew name for passover

60
Q

Pilgrimage festivals

A

Pesach (Passover), Shavuot (Weeks or Pentecost), and Sukkot (Tabernacles, Tents or Booths)

61
Q

Purim

A

a Jewish holiday that commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from Haman, who was planning to kill all the Jews

62
Q

Rabbi

A

a teacher of Torah

63
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

Jewish new year

64
Q

Ruth

A

Ruth was a Moabites, who married into the Hebrew family of Elimelech and Naomi, whom she met when they left Bethlehem and relocated to Moab due to a famine

65
Q

Seder

A

a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover

66
Q

Shabbat

A

Jewish Sabbath

67
Q

Shakharit

A

daily morning Tefillah (prayer) of the Jewish people, one of the three times there is prayer each day

68
Q

Shavu’ot

A

a major Jewish festival held on the 6th (and usually the 7th) of Sivan, fifty days after the second day of Passover. It was originally a harvest festival, but now also commemorates the giving of the Law (the Torah)

69
Q

Shekinah

A

glory of the divine presence, conventionally represented as light or interpreted symbolically

70
Q

Shema

A

the first two words of a section of the Torah, and is the title (sometimes shortened to simply Shema) of a prayer that serves as a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish prayer services

71
Q

Shivah

A

a period of seven days’ formal mourning for the dead, beginning immediately after the funeral

72
Q

Shloshim

A

thirty-day period following burial (including shiva)

73
Q

Shofar

A

an ancient musical horn made of ram’s horn

74
Q

Shul

A

a synagogue

75
Q

Siddur

A

a Jewish prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers

76
Q

Simhat Bat

A

a Jewish naming ceremony for newborn girls

77
Q

Simhat Torah

A

a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle

78
Q

Sukkah

A

a temporary hut constructed for use during the week-long Jewish festival of Sukkot

79
Q

Sukkot

A

a major Jewish festival held in the autumn (beginning on the 15th day of Tishri) to commemorate the sheltering of the Israelites in the wilderness

80
Q

Tallit Gadol

A

a large four corneered undershirt with tzitzit/fringes worn by Jewish men during their morning prayers

81
Q

Tallit Katan

A

a small four cornered undershirt with tzitzit/fringes worn by small jewish boys

82
Q

Tefillin

A

a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah

83
Q

Tisha b’Av

A

an annual fast day in Judaism which commemorates the anniversary of a number of disasters in Jewish history, primarily the destruction of both the First Temple by the Babylonians and the Second Temple by the Romans in Jerusalem

84
Q

Treif

A

is the Yiddish word for any form of non-kosher food

85
Q

Tzedekah

A

charitable giving, typically seen as a moral obligation

86
Q

Tzit Tzit

A

knotted ritual fringes found on the Tallit

87
Q

Yahrzeit

A

anniversary of a close relatives death and also a type of candle that is lit in memory of the deceased

88
Q

Yarmulkah

A

A small round cap typically worn in prayer by jewish men

89
Q

Yom Kippur

A

is “the tenth day of [the] seventh month” (Tishrei) and is regarded as the “Sabbath of Sabbaths”

90
Q

Four Species

A

Branch of Palm, Willow, Myrtle branch and a Etrog

91
Q

What are the 3 daily prayers in Judaism?

A

Shacharit (morning), Minha (afternoon), Maariv (evening)

Religions 2400 Judaism (3 decks)

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