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Forensic Science > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

7 S’s of Crime Scene Investigation

A
  1. SECURING the crime scene
  2. SEPARATING the witnesses
  3. SCANNING the crime scene
  4. SEEING the crime scene
  5. SKETCHING the crime scene
  6. SEARCHING the crime scene
  7. SECURING and collecting evid
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2
Q

Securing the crime scene

A

Protects and preserves the crime scene (job of first responder)

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3
Q

Separating the witnesses

A

Prevents collusion and possible contamination of direct evid

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4
Q

Scanning the crime scene

A

Evaluate where pictures should be taken and determine general borders of the crime scene; evaluate for secondary crime scene

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5
Q

Seeing the crime scene

A

Take pictures from all angles- triangulation

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6
Q

Sketching the crime scene

A

Should be to scale
Notes possible positions of remains
Note other evid found at scene

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7
Q

Searching the crime scene for evid

A

Search methods should vary depending on size of crime scene

Evid is photographed and labeled

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8
Q

Securing and collecting evid

A

Evid should be packaged, sealed, catalogued.. chain of custody

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9
Q

2 types of search patterns

A

Linear and Spiral (?)

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10
Q

5 Patterns of the Medulla (know 2)

A 
Hollow
Absent
Fragmented
Segmental
Solid
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11
Q

Locard’s principal of exchange

A

When a person comes into contact wiht an object or anotehr person, a cross transfer of physical evidence can occur- extent of transfer depends on intensity, duration, and nature of the contact

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12
Q

2 Methods plants use for pollination

A

Wind

Animals

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13
Q

3 Fingerprint patterns

A

Be able to recognize Loop Whorl and Arch

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14
Q

3 Types of fingerprints

A

Patent- visible pattern left on a smooth surface when fingers coated with blood, ink or some other substance touch a surface and transfer their print
Plastic- 3D fingerprint made in soft material such as clay, soap or putty
Latent- concealed fingerprints made visible thought use of powders or forensic techniques

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15
Q

4 components of blood

A

Plasma- 35% of total blood volume
Platelets- cause blood to clot
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells- only part that has DNA

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16
Q

What do white blood cells contain to make it used for DNA profiling?

A

DNA….

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17
Q

Antigens

A

Substance that provokes an immune response in the body

18
Q

5 of population with A,B,AB,O blood types

A 
A- 42%
B- 12%
AB- 3%
O- 43%
Rh+ 85%
Rh- 15%
19
Q

Trail of circular blood drops indicates what?

A

Passive- either standing still, or if moving, moving very slowly

20
Q

Types of blood spatter (be able to recognize)

A

Wipe- object moves through partially dried blood
Swipe- Something wet with blood brushes against surface (feathered edge indicates direction)
Arterial Gush- blood exits the body under pressure from artery- peaks from heart contraction
Expired Blood- blood blown out of mouth/nose as result of air pressure (has bubbles)
Shadowing/Void- absence of blood in a pattern

21
Q

3 factors determining toxicity of toxin

A 
Dose
Duration
Nature of exposure
Interactions w/ other meds
By-products (ex wood alcohol)
22
Q

When document is questioned, it is compared with what?

A

Exemplar

23
Q

12 Characteristics of handwriting- know 4 (or 5)

A
  1. Line Quality
  2. Spacing
  3. Size consistency
  4. Pen Pressure
  5. Connecting letters
24
Q

T/F: When suspect is creating a writing sample, the officer should let them know what it is being used for

A

FALSE

25
Q

What are the 3 things that Biometric Signature Pads measure?

A
  1. Speed
  2. Pressure
  3. Angles
    NOT RHYTHM
26
Q

Is handwriting analysis by experts enough for a conviction?

A

NO

27
Q

5 places where blowflies lay their eggs (besides in wounds)

A 
Mouth
Nose
Ear
Vagina
Anus
28
Q

Factors that affect the growth of the blowfly

A

Body clothed?
Body wrapped, frozen or inaccesible to insects?
Body burned?
Environment
Body exposed to wind, sun, shade?
Body exposed to toxins that affect growth rate?
Adequate food source for insects?

29
Q

4 categories for manner of death that ME can determine

A

Natural
Accidental
Suicidal
Homicidal

30
Q

When does Rigor Mortis peak?

A

12 hrs

31
Q

At what point does coloration of skin from livor mortis become permanent?

A

8 hrs

32
Q

What does a body look like 2 months after death?

A

Soft tissue mostly gone
Odors largely gone
Bones remain

33
Q

4 rules of thumb determining how long the person has been dead

A

Body warm and limp- dead less than 3 hours
Body warm and stiff- dead 3-8 hours
Body cold and stiff- dead 8-36 hours
Body cold and limp- dead more than 36 hours

34
Q

3 soil textures

A

Sand
Silt
Clay

35
Q

Cadaver Decomposition Island

A

Area where the soil has been disturbed (from burying a body)- recognized by upturned soil and differentiation of plant life

36
Q

4 components of cartridge

A

Primer powder
Gun powder
Bullet
Metal casing that holds it together

37
Q

How does a gun work?

A

Trigger breaks and sends firing pin forward, firing pen strikes primer which initiates a controlled explosion, sending the bullet flying down the barrel

38
Q

What causes rifling?

A

Elevation and lands in barrel of gun

39
Q

What are the different ways to identify cartridge from a gun

A

Breach block mark
Primer strike marks
Ejection marks

40
Q

T/F: Gunshot residue mark is left on the cartridge

A

FALSE

41
Q

3 things to be learned about subject from shoe/foot impressions

A 
Whether person walks on toes or heels
Body weight
If person tends to walk with toes pointed in/outward
Shape of foot and wearer's activities
Unique marks or holes
42
Q

3 measurements taken from tire impressions

A

Turning Radius
Track width of front and back
Wheelbase (distance between tires)

Forensic Science (3 decks)

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