Final Flashcards
Aristotle’s 3 criteria for persuasion
ethos,logos,pathos
Ethos
ethical dimension - belongs to speaker
Credibility is comprised of CHARACTER and COMPETENCE
Pathos
emotional dimension - belongs to listener
Logos
Logical dimension - belongs to message
Deductive reasoning
General to Specific
Ex: all men are mortal, Socrates is a man, Socrates is mortal
Inductive reasoning
Specific to General
Law of Noncontradiction
A cannot be A and not-A at the same time, in the same context
Monroe’s motivated sequence
Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action
Question of Policy
Motivate to immediate action or passive agreement
3 expectations that must be satisfied in a Policy speech
Need, Plan, Practicality
Question of Value
Change or reinforce belief
- must appeal to recognizable standard: constitution or declaration
Question of Fact
Convince audience of the truth
-speaker must be partisan, truth must be nonabsolute
4 Ways we persuade
Credibility, Emotional Appeal, Evidence, Reasoning
4 P’s of a good intro
Pique interest, point to topic, pave the way, preview the points
Ways to pique interest in intro?
Ask question Joke Stat Story Quote Drama
What does “paving the way” in an intro mean?
Establishing credibility and rapport (connection - don’t read notes)
The 3 S’s of a good conclusion
Signal the end
Summarize points
Stop in style
How can you signal the end in a conclusion
“in conclusion”
Each points needs ___
a story, quote and stat
Name some bad postures
ten hut, flesh wound, fig leaf, death grip, happy pockets
Extemporaneous speaking
the most common mode of delivery that involves a speech that is practiced and planned in advance.
What should a full sentence outline be converted to in order to develop the speech aurally?
keyword or key-phrase outline
What should manuscript speaking typically be limited to?
broadcast media, or a major speech of tribute
jargon
the special vocabulary of a particular group
slang
popular, nonstandard catchwords or phrases
assonance
repetition of vowel sounds
antithesis
the contrasting of two ideas to dramatize difference. “Not only…, but also…”
How to involve the audience
Use names of people in the audience, refer to the person who introduced you and to the other speakers, refer to details in the immediate setting or shared experience, Use audience participation (can i get a show of hands), use “you”
Keys to Good Visuals
24 pt. minimum Keep it hidden (animations) Make eye contact Use color and graphics No more than 4-5 bytes per slide 30 - 45 seconds for a video clip
how much eye contact?
at least 85%
constructive way to release tension during a speech
physical movement (don’t lock yourself into one position)
ways to prepare for a speech
record yourself, feedback from a friend, identify words that you mispronounce
Stories
Give a speech life
Quotes
Give a speech credibility
Statistics
Give a speech weight
5 organizational patterns
Chronological, Spatial, Causal, Problem/Solution, Topical
Chronological org. pattern
step 1 to step 2 to step 3, etc. Ex: steps of getting a tattoo
Spatial org. pattern
based on location, place to place, Ex: room to room in the White House
Causal org. pattern
cause and effect or effect to cause, ex: teen pregnanct trends
Topical org. pattern
Sub-topics, ex: fireworks - 4 kinds of fireworks
Central Idea gives you the ____
outline
4 C’s of Central Idea
Complete sentence
Contains main points
Captures the Essence
Concise
Specific Purpose
To inform/persuade my audience
3 Categories of Brainstorming Topics
object, event, concept
Things to know before a speech
Know size of audience, room layout, topic, time length, Q&A? General Purpose.
Communications model
The Speaker sends a Message through a Channel to the Listeners
Good listening begins with _____
Good expectations
2 courtesies of the listener
Give the speaker eye contact and respect
Listener gives ____
Feedback (verbal and nonverbal)
Interference
(external and internal) disrupts the process
The situation changes according to these four variables
Time, Place, Occassion, Audience
