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New Media > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

New Media

A

Emerging digital media

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2
Q

When did the term new media come about?

A

First appeared in the early 1900s, then took off in the 1980s and peaked in 2000s

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3
Q

Media

A

One of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society as newspapers, radio, or television

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4
Q

Drawback of human senses

A

Only input

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5
Q

Drawback of gestures

A

Must be present, much have meaning

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6
Q

Innovation and drawback of pointing

A

Beyond the self but must be present

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7
Q

Semiotics

A

Signs

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8
Q

Innovation of signs

A

Abstraction

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9
Q

Innovation and drawback of speech

A

Distance/line of sign but permanence

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10
Q

Innovation and drawback of cave painting

A

Permanence but clarity/non-abstract

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11
Q

Innovation of pictograms

A

Standardize and sequence

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12
Q

Innovation of ideograms

A

Abstraction!

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13
Q

Drawback of logographic writing

A

Doesn’t scale well

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14
Q

What is English writing?

A

Alphabetic/phonographic writing

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15
Q

Telecommunication

A

communication at/across a distance

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16
Q

Drawback of courier/mail

A

Letters lost/intercepted, must trust messenger, knowledge of where to deliver the message

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17
Q

First form of mass communication

A

Newspaper

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18
Q

What did the printing press lead to?

A

Mass media

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19
Q

When did the telegraph first come about?

A

Early 1800s

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20
Q

What was the first form of electronic communication?

A

Telegraph

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21
Q

What was the innovation of the telegraph?

A

Speed

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22
Q

Metcalfe’s Law

A

Value of telecommunication network is proportional to square of the number of connected users (exponentially)

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23
Q

Disruptive technologies

A

Far worse than existing but superior in one key vector; disrupting what’s established

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24
Q

Computers

A

The ability to perfectly reproduce information ad infinitum at a cost over time has become asymptotically close to zero and the ability to store and process information at a scale and speed beyond human ability

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25
Q

Bit

A

Binary digit; 0 or 1

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26
Q

Byte

A

8 bits; can store one letter

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27
Q

Hard disk drive

A

Spinning hard drive

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28
Q

Solid state drive

A

integrated circuits to store data electronically

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29
Q

Kilobyte –>

A

Megabyte –> Gigabyte –> Terabyte

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30
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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31
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit- Brain of the computer/clock; electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program

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32
Q

What is CPU speed measured in?

A

Gigahertz

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33
Q

What is CPU speed limited by?

A

Heat

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34
Q

GPU

A

Graphics Processing Unit; Parallel to handle graphics

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35
Q

System on a chip

A

All components of a computer on a single chip

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36
Q

Random Access memory

A

Working memory; only stores while device is on

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37
Q

Pixel

A

Picture element

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38
Q

Cathode Ray Tube

A

Electron gun to display images

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39
Q

Liquid Crystal Display

A

Flat panel display using light modulating properties of liquid crystals

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40
Q

Light emitting diode

A

Semiconductor light source

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41
Q

Plasma Display

A

Uses electronically charged ionized gases

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42
Q

Organic Light Emitting Diode

A

Organic compound emitting light

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43
Q

HDMI

A

High definition multimedia interface; audio/video transfer

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44
Q

3 rules of hardware

A

Over time computer hardware becomes: smaller, mechanically simpler, faster/more efficient

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45
Q

Moore’s Law

A

Tech doubles every 2 years

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46
Q

Code

A

Set of symbols interpreted by a computer or piece of software

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47
Q

Algorithm

A

Solves a problem

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48
Q

Programming language

A

System for encoding, naming, and organizing algorithms for reuse and application

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49
Q

Standard library

A

Set of premade software you can reuse and reapply

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50
Q

Object-oriented programming

A

Filing system for code; like labeled boxes full of specific data/methods

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51
Q

Database

A

Library where data is stored and can be called from

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52
Q

How does code work?

A

Written in a language, run letter by letter through a compiler, making instructions for the computer to execute

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53
Q

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A

Software suite that consolidates basic tools developers need to write and test software; contains code editor, compiler/interpretor, debugger accessible through a single graphical user interface

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54
Q

Software development kit

A

Set of software tools that allows the creation of applications

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55
Q

Where did networks originate?

A

originated in military–>academic institutions–>tech corporations–>everywhere

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56
Q

Internet takeover

A

1993: 1%, 2000: 51%, 2007: 97%

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57
Q

ARPA/DARPA

A

(Defense) Advanced Research Projects Agency; US agency responsible for developing emerging technology for use in military

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58
Q

ARPANET

A

Network that became the basis for the Internet

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59
Q

When did ARPANET go live?

60
Q

What did Metcalfe invent?

A

Ethernet, at Xerox PARC, in 1970s

61
Q

Minitel

A

France, 1978

62
Q

Sir Tim Berners lee

A

Created world wide web in 1991 on a NEXT Computer

63
Q

Internet

A

Large network of interconnected computers

64
Q

Modem

A

Turns information from our network into information manageable by the telephone infrastructure and vice versa

65
Q

Router

A

Shares internet connection among multiple devices

66
Q

IP Address

A

String of numbers representing place on the web

67
Q

Packets

A

Small chunks of info sent across networks

68
Q

Search engine

A

Finds websites, divided into webpages and live on web servers

69
Q

Domain name

A

Unique name of website between www and .com

70
Q

Domain name system

A

Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or any resources connected to the internet or a private netowrk

71
Q

URL

A

Uniform resources locator; a reference (address) to a resource on the internet

72
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext transfer protocol; application protocol that makes the web work- web servers and web browsers use to communicate with each other over the internet

73
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language- well known markup page used to develop web pages

74
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol; defines how computers send packets of data to each other

75
Q

Apple co-founders

A

Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne

76
Q

Story of Apple

A

Founded April Fool’s Day, 1976, in Jobs garage, focus on personal computers

77
Q

Apple I

A

First computer from Apple

78
Q

Apple II

A

Carried the company

79
Q

Apple III

A

Not successful

80
Q

Lisa

A

Developed 1983, first personal computer to offer GUI (graphical user interface)- aimed at individual business owners (too $$)

81
Q

NeXT

A

Created by Jobs 1985; brought by Apple 1997, prompted Jobs return to Apple

82
Q

When was iPod invented?

83
Q

When was iTunes invented?

84
Q

When was iPhone released?

85
Q

When was first Apple store?

86
Q

Rise of smartphones

A

40 million subscribers by 2001, expect 40 billion by 2020

87
Q

Android

A

Released Oct 2008, acquired by Google 2005

88
Q

What was the first Android?

A

T-Mobil G1

89
Q

Who created Android?

A

Andy Robin

90
Q

Salesforce

A

Launched 1999; pioneered SaaS model- key offering of cloud computing

91
Q

Amazon web services

A

Launched in 2006; increase audience of cloud computing

92
Q

Cloud computing

A

Form of internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices on-demand–>store and process data in third party data centers

93
Q

IaaS

A

Providers offer computing infrastructure

94
Q

PaaS

A

Provides deliver computing platform including OS, programming language execution environment, database, and web server

95
Q

SaaS

A

On demand software, where users gain access to application software and databases

96
Q

Big data

A

Data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing is inadequate

97
Q

3 V’s

A

Volume, velocity, variety

98
Q

Google co-founders

A

Larry Page and Sergey Brin

99
Q

Who took over as grown up CEO of Google?

A

Eric Schmidt in 2001

100
Q

When was Google registered?

101
Q

Mission of google

A

organize world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful

102
Q

Adwords

A

Launches in 2000, began profitability

103
Q

Gmail

A

Launches April Fool’s Day in 2004

104
Q

Google Maps

A

Launches 2005 and revolutionizes online mapping

105
Q

Google Analytics

A

Launches 2005 and offers free tool to better understand user behavior

106
Q

Newspaper circulations pattern

A

Print and digital are consistently declining along with ad revenue

107
Q

Cable and TV network pattern

A

going strong

108
Q

Commerce

A

Purchasing and selling goods/services on a large scale

109
Q

E-Commerce

A

Any business or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of info across the internet

110
Q

Tech companies creating competition to news organization and stealing digital ad revenue

A

Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Twitter, Apple

111
Q

Two roles left to news organizations

A

Writing and reporting

112
Q

Digital news suffers from

A

Incidental readership- read one article then leave

113
Q

Showrooming

A

Being able to see or inspect an item in a store then purchasing it online

114
Q

What year did students use ARPANET for cannabis sale?

115
Q

Who invented online shopping?

A

Michael Aldrich in 1979

116
Q

Netscape’s innovation for commerce online

A

SSL (Secure socket layer) in 1994

117
Q

When was Amazon.com invented?

A

1995 by Jeff bazones

118
Q

When was eBay invented?

A

1995 by Pierce Omidyar

119
Q

Product Service System example

A

Uber, AirBnB

120
Q

Redistribution markets example

A

eBay, Craigslist

121
Q

Unicorn

A

Privately held and valued at $1 billion

122
Q

IPO

A

Initial public offering; stock market launch where shares of a company are sold to institutional investors that in turn sell to the public

123
Q

Venture capitals and angel investors

A

Help startups begin operations, exchanging seed money for equity shares

124
Q

Bootstrapping

A

Startups are funded by founders

125
Q

Existing companies execute a business model, startups

A

Look for one

126
Q

Instant messaging

A

Connects two people online communicating in real time

127
Q

Texting

A

asynchronous mobile communication

128
Q

Social media 7 functional building blocks

A

Identity; conversations; sharing; presence; relationships; reputation; groups

129
Q

Context collapse

A

Audiences possible online versus limited groups we see face to face

130
Q

First text ever sent

A

Dec 3, 1992, Niel Papworth to Richard Jarvis; said Merry Christmas

131
Q

Compact Disc invented?

A

1982 by James Russell

132
Q

Uncompressed

A

CD; increase file size but no loss in quality

133
Q

Compressed

A

MP3; lower size but quality loss

134
Q

MP3

A

Moving Pictures Expert Group Audio Layer III; audio encoding format for digital audio, reduces data

135
Q

Napster

A

1999-2001; peer to peer file sharing cofounded by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker; Metallica lawsuit led to shut down

136
Q

iTunes opens

A

2003: legal alternative to internet music downloading; mircopurchasing

137
Q

First YouTube Video

A

April 2005

138
Q

Who acquired YouTube?

A

Goole in 2006 for $1.6 bil

139
Q

Bots

A

Subset of AI; software designed to automate things that you do

140
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

Intelligence exhibited by machines

141
Q

Turing test

A

Is it indistinguishable from a human?

142
Q

Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robots

A

1) A robot may not injure a human being
2) A robot must obey orders given to it by humans, unless rule 1
3) A robot must protect its own existence, unless rules 1 and 2

143
Q

Virtual reality

A

Computer generated environment that lets you experience a different realistic images, sounds, and other sensations

144
Q

Augmented reality

A

Live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics, or GPS data

145
Q

Excitement from VR stemmed from

A

gaming community

146
Q

VR Platforms

A

Google Cardboard; Samsung Gear; Oculus Rift; HTC Vive; Sony Playstation

147
Q

Mediated Reality

A

view of reality modified by a computer

New Media (15 decks)

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