Final Flashcards
Borders and Contents of Femoral Triangle
- inguinal ligament, adductor longus, and sartorius
- femoral artery, nerve and vein
Borders and Contents of Inguinal Triangle
- lateral margin of rectus sheath (linea semilunaris) is medial border
- superolateral border is inferior epigastric vessels
- inferior border is inguinal ligament
What are the 4 bones that comprise the pelvis?
- illium
- ischium
- pubis
- sacrum
What motions occur at hip joint?
- extension
- flexion
- adduction
- abduction
- medial rotation
- lateral rotation
What motions occur at knee joint?
- flexion
- extension
- medial rotation
- lateral rotation
What motions occur at talocrural joint?
- dorsiflexion
- plantar flexion
What motions occur at subtalar joint?
- inversion
- eversion
- dorsiflexion
- plantar flexion
- abduction
- adduction
Ankle Joint Movement-Pronation
- ankle joint dorsiflexes
- subtalar joint everts
- transverse tarsal joint abducts
Ankle Joint Movement-Supination
- ankle joint plantar flexes
- subtalar joint inversion
- transverse tarsal joint adducts
What movements happen at transverse tarsal joint?
- all three motions (dorsiflex, plantar flex, abduction, adduction, eversion, inversion)
- articulation between talus/navicular and calcaneus/cuboid
Medial Longitudinal Arch
- highest of 3 arched of foot
- calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform and 1st three metatarsals
- supports: ligaments-spring ligament and plantar fascia; tendons-tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior
Transverse Arch of Foot
- boney structure: medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms and cuboid
- interlocking nature of articulations and extrinsic support/plantar structures
Lateral Arch of Foot
-boney structure: calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsal V
What are the borders of the popliteal space?
- superomedial: semimembranosus
- superolateral: biceps femoris
- inferior medial: medial half gastrocnemius
- inferolateral: lateral head gastrocnemius and plantaris
- contents: popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve
What is the order of tendons that pass posterior to lateral malleolus from anterior to posterior?
- peroneus brevis
- peroneus longus
Name the structures that cross the dorsum of the foot in order from medial to lateral.
- medial cuneiform, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid
- navicular and tarsal in next row
What is the function of the peroneal tubercle of calcaneus?
-separates tendons of peroneus brevis and longus
What is the function of the spring ligament?
-supports head of talus and bears a significant portion of body weight
What’s the only muscle that lies across posterior surface of sacrum
-multifidi
How many vertebral levels does multifidi span?
-4
How many vertebral levels does rotatores span?
-3
What are the names of the suboccipital muscles?
-rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, oblique capitis superior, oblique capitis inferior
Which suboccipital muscle does not articulate with skull?
-oblique capitis inferior
Where is quadratus lumborum palpable
-between borders of the last rib, posterior iliac crest, and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
When right external oblique contracts, what are the two unilateral actions?
- rotate to opposite side (left)
- laterally flex to same side (right)
When right external oblique contracts what other muscle is contracting to achieve same actions at same time?
- right internal oblique for side bending
- left internal oblique for rotation
What is the orientation of brachial plexus as it runs over the first rib in relation to the scalene muscles?
- large branches pass through anterior and middle scalenes
- it is possible to impinge on the nerves of the plexus and cause pain when palpating
- swimmers have hytrophied scalenes
Primary Curve of Spine
- kyphosis
- posterior curve
- born with this
Secondary Curve of Spine
- cervical lordosis
- developed second
- babies looking up
Lumbar Lordosis
- lower anterior curve
- to support and lower center of balance
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
-seven
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
-twelve
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
-five
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
- 4-5
- fused
Vertebral Artery
- branches off subclavian artery
- supplies blood to brain and spinal cord
- ascends through C6-C1 through foramen magnum into brain
- inaccessible but vital to be aware when palpating and moving neck
What passes between scalenes?
-subclavian artery and brachial plexus between anterior and middle
Lumbar Vertebrae
- wider, fatter
- smaller vertebral foramen
- superior facets face medial
- facets oriented for motion in sagittal plane
- flexion and extension
Thoracic Vertebrae
- spinous processes point down
- narrow processes
- built for stability to protect thoracic region
- superior facets face posteriorly
- facets oriented for motion in frontal plane
- lateral flexion
Cervical Vertebrae
- have transverse foramen
- atlas C1
- axis C2
- superior facets face medially
- facets oriented for motion in transverse plane
- rotation
Landmarks for Levels of Spine
- C7: base of neck
- T2: superior angle of scapula
- T7: inferior angle of scapula
- T12: twelfth rib
- L4: top of iliac crest
Eight Pulse Points
- carotid
- brachial
- umbilical
- radial
- popliteal
- femoral (in femoral triangle from medial to lateral–>VAN vein, artery, nerve)
- dorsal pedis
- posterior tibial
When do you select one point over another in regards to proximal or distal?
- if doing CPR choose proximal
- making sure peripheral circulation present go distal
- distal in children is harder because they wiggle
Carotid Pulse
-between sternocleidomastoid and trachea
Brachial Pulse
-between bicep and coracobrachialis
Radial Pulse
-anterior distal forearm on radial bone
Aorta Pulse
-two inches above umbilicus, slightly laterally pushing deep diagonally
Femoral Pulse
-in femoral triangle, inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus
Popliteal Pulse
- within popliteal fossa, lateral and medial hamstring tendons and head of gastroc
- press laterally against posterior tibia
Posterior Tibial Pulse
-posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis Pedis
-between first two metacarpals between lateral extensor tendons
Name the structures that pass anterior to posterior as they go posterior to medial malleolus under flexor retinaculum in the tarsal tunnel
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- posterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial vein
- tibial nerve
- flexor hallucis longus
