Final Flashcards
1
Q
the science of how those parts come together to function and keep that body alive
A
physiology
2
Q
cells vary widely in size and shape based on their…
A
purpose
3
Q
different types of cells working together (muscles, membranes, nervous cavity linings)
A
tissues
4
Q
two or more tissues come together (heart, liver, lungs)
A
organs
5
Q
multiple organs working together for a given objective
A
organ systems
6
Q
organization of cells (all levels combined)
A
body
7
Q
maintain stable internal conditions no matter what changes occur outside the body
A
homeostasis
8
Q
anatomical position
A
body is erect and facing forwards
arms facing forward
arms at side
palms supinated
9
Q
Sagittal plane
A
left and right
splits vertically
10
Q
coronal or frontal plane
A
front and back
11
Q
transverse plane
A
top and bottom
12
Q
axial
A
head, neck, and body (center
13
Q
appendicular
A
arms and legs (appendages)
14
Q
anterior
A
front of body
15
Q
posterior
A
back of body
16
Q
superior
A
towards the top
17
Q
inferior
A
towards the bottom
18
Q
medial
A
structure towards the midline
19
Q
lateral
A
structure farther away from the midline
20
Q
proximal
A
towards the trunk
21
Q
distal
A
further from the trunk
22
Q
cheek=
A
buccal
23
Q
sternum=
A
sternal
24
Q
chest=
A
thoracic
25
middle upper arm=
brachial
26
middle of arm
antecubital
27
abs=
abdominal
28
belly button=
umbilical
29
groin area=
inguinal
30
femur=
femoral
31
knee=
patellar
32
shin=
crural
33
ankle=
tarsal
34
head=
cephalic
35
shoulder blade=
scapular
36
tail bone=
sacral
37
butt=
gluteal
38
back of knee=
popliteal
39
calves=
sural
40
heel=
calcaneal
41
forehead=
frontal
42
eyes=
orbital
43
nose=
nasal
44
mouth=
oral
45
neck=
cervical
46
shoulder=
acromial
47
armpit=
axillary
48
middle lower arm=
antebrachial
49
hip=
coxal
50
gentile area=
pubic
51
outer leg=
fibular
52
spine=
vertebral
53
elbow=
olecranal
54
lower back=
lumbar
55
wrist=
carpal
56
fingers=
digital
57
bottom of foot=
plantar
58
which system is the external body covering
integumentary system
59
which system protects and supports body organs
skeletal system
60
which system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expressions
muscular system
61
which system is the fast acting control system
nervous system
62
which system secrets hormone that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrients used by body cells
endocrine system
63
which system pumps blood
cardiovascular system
64
which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
lymphatic system
65
which system constantly supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
respiratory system
66
which system breaks food down
digestive system
67
which system eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body
urinary system
68
which system is the production of offspring
male/female reproductive system
69
what are the dorsal body cavities
cranial cavity
| spinal cavity
70
what's are the ventral body cavities
thoracic cavity
| abdominopelvic cavity
71
name the abdominal regions on the top row (right to left)
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region
72
name the abdominal regions in the middle row (right to left)
right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region
73
name the abdominal regions on the bottom row (right to left)
right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region
74
found between the two lungs; contains the heart
mediastinum
75
touching to medically evaluate
palpate
76
to listen with a stethoscope
auscultate
77
list the order of blood flow in the heart
1) superior and inferior vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricusbid valve
4) right ventricle
5) pulmonary semilunar valve
6) pulmonary trunk
7) right and left pulmonary arteries
8) 4 pulmonary veins
9) left atrium
10) bicusbid valve
11) left ventricle
12) aortic semilunar valve
13) ascending aorta
14) aortic arch
15) descending aorta
78
what side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood
left
79
what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood
right
80
organs of abdominal cavity
viscera
81
pointed area of the heart
apex
82
consists of layers that envelope the heart
pericardium
83
a serous membrane that tightly huge the external surface of the heart
epicardium
84
the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall
myocardium
85
the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart
endocardium
86
severe suffocating chest pain caused by brief lack of oxygen supple to heart muscle
angina pectoris
87
a condition characterized by dead tissue areas in the myocardium caused by interruption of blood supply to the area
myocardial infarction
88
sets the hearts basic rhythm
intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)
89
the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium
sinoatrial mode (sa node) (pacemaker)
90
a local decrease in blood supply
ischemia
91
irregular, uncoordinated contractions of muscle cells
fibrillation
92
an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate
tachycardia (over 100bpm)
93
slow heart rate
bradycardia (under 60bpm)
94
the contraction phase of heart activity
systole
95
a period of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood
diastole
96
sound caused by the closing of AV valves
lub
97
sound caused when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole
dub
98
condition in which the pump if efficiency of the heart is depressed so that circulation is inadequate to meet the tissue needs
congestive heart failure (CHF)
99
the rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction
pulse
100
a point on the surface of the body sensitive to pressure
pressure point
101
the pressure of blood in the circulatory system
blood pressure
102
amount of pressure in the arteries during contraction of your heart muscle
systolic pressure (top number)
103
when your heart muscle is between beats
diastolic pressure (bottom number)
104
used to measure blood pressure in the brachial artery of the arm
auscultatory method
105
low blood pressure
hypotension
106
abnormally high blood pressure
hypertension
107
clogging of the coronary arteries due to fatty tissue build up
atherosclerosis
108
list the organs of the respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
109
three functions of the respiratory passageways
purify, humidify, and warm incoming air
110
two functions of the C shaped rings in the trachea
support trachea walls
| allow the esophagus to expand
111
a procedure in which the air in a persons lungs is sided to expel the object
Heimlich maneuver
112
what are alveoli and what is there main function
air sacs that exchange gases
113
exhalation that depends on natural elasticity of the lungs more than on muscle contraction
expiration
114
normal adult pulse rate
60-80 bpm
115
regular intervals between beats
regular rhythm
116
when intervals are uneven but have a pattern
regular irregular rhythm
117
when the uneven interval is irregular
irregular irregular rhythm
118
leaping strong or forceful pulse
bounding pulse
119
weak barely felt pulse
thready pulse
120
an irregular pulse rate
arrhythmia
121
instrument used to amplify sound
stethoscope
122
7 places to palpate for a pulse
```
radial
apical
brachial
carotid
posterior popliteal
femoral
dorsalis pedis
```
123
a state of balance, when vital signs are within normal limits
homeostasis
124
highest and lowest pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
125
5th Cardinal sign
pain
126
scale used for 5th Cardinal sign
1-10
127
the mixing of oxygen and another element
oxidation
128
the process of eliminating waste material
excretion
129
balance between heat produced and heat lost
temperature
130
referring to elevated temperature
febrile
131
below normal temperature
hypothermia
132
above normal temperature
pyrexia
133
producing fever
pyrogenic
134
5 common infectious causes of elevated temperature
```
ear infection
strept/sore throat
UTIs
URIs
cold or flu like symptoms
```
135
3 common non infectious factors that may increase temperature
exercise
anxiety
excitement
136
3 non infectious factors that may decrease temperature
sleep
fasting
mouth breathing
137
other types of thermometers used in place of glass thermometers
temporal artery
chemically treated paper or plastic
electronic/digital
138
average temp in Fahrenheit
98.6
139
average temp in celcius
37
140
two names for ear thermometer
aural
| tympanic
141
name for thermometer that goes along the forehead
temporal
142
name for thermometer that goes under the arm
axillary
143
the process of taking in oxygen into the body and expelling carbon dioxide from the body
respiration
144
normal adult respiration rate
12-20 per minute
145
a procedure used to determine the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
pulse oximetry
146
normal range of pulse oximetry and where to take it
95-100%
| fingertip
147
shortness of breath
dyspnea
148
abnormally fast respirations
tachypnea
149
breathing is stopped
apnea
150
periods of bubbly or rattling sounds caused by mucus in the air passage
rales
151
periods of labored respirations of apnea
cheyne strokes
152
the study of the structure and relationships between body parts
anatomy
