Final Flashcards
the science of how those parts come together to function and keep that body alive
physiology
cells vary widely in size and shape based on their…
purpose
different types of cells working together (muscles, membranes, nervous cavity linings)
tissues
two or more tissues come together (heart, liver, lungs)
organs
multiple organs working together for a given objective
organ systems
organization of cells (all levels combined)
body
maintain stable internal conditions no matter what changes occur outside the body
homeostasis
anatomical position
body is erect and facing forwards
arms facing forward
arms at side
palms supinated
Sagittal plane
left and right
splits vertically
coronal or frontal plane
front and back
transverse plane
top and bottom
axial
head, neck, and body (center
appendicular
arms and legs (appendages)
anterior
front of body
posterior
back of body
superior
towards the top
inferior
towards the bottom
medial
structure towards the midline
lateral
structure farther away from the midline
proximal
towards the trunk
distal
further from the trunk
cheek=
buccal
sternum=
sternal
chest=
thoracic
middle upper arm=
brachial
middle of arm
antecubital
abs=
abdominal
belly button=
umbilical
groin area=
inguinal
femur=
femoral
knee=
patellar
shin=
crural
ankle=
tarsal
head=
cephalic
shoulder blade=
scapular
tail bone=
sacral
butt=
gluteal
back of knee=
popliteal
calves=
sural
heel=
calcaneal
forehead=
frontal
eyes=
orbital
nose=
nasal
mouth=
oral
neck=
cervical
shoulder=
acromial
armpit=
axillary
middle lower arm=
antebrachial
hip=
coxal
gentile area=
pubic
outer leg=
fibular
spine=
vertebral
elbow=
olecranal
lower back=
lumbar
wrist=
carpal
fingers=
digital
bottom of foot=
plantar
which system is the external body covering
integumentary system
which system protects and supports body organs
skeletal system
which system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expressions
muscular system
which system is the fast acting control system
nervous system
which system secrets hormone that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrients used by body cells
endocrine system
which system pumps blood
cardiovascular system
which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
lymphatic system
which system constantly supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
respiratory system
which system breaks food down
digestive system
which system eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body
urinary system
which system is the production of offspring
male/female reproductive system
what are the dorsal body cavities
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
what’s are the ventral body cavities
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
name the abdominal regions on the top row (right to left)
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region
name the abdominal regions in the middle row (right to left)
right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region
name the abdominal regions on the bottom row (right to left)
right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region
found between the two lungs; contains the heart
mediastinum
touching to medically evaluate
palpate
to listen with a stethoscope
auscultate
list the order of blood flow in the heart
1) superior and inferior vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricusbid valve
4) right ventricle
5) pulmonary semilunar valve
6) pulmonary trunk
7) right and left pulmonary arteries
8) 4 pulmonary veins
9) left atrium
10) bicusbid valve
11) left ventricle
12) aortic semilunar valve
13) ascending aorta
14) aortic arch
15) descending aorta
what side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood
left
what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood
right
organs of abdominal cavity
viscera
pointed area of the heart
apex
consists of layers that envelope the heart
pericardium
a serous membrane that tightly huge the external surface of the heart
epicardium
the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall
myocardium
the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart
endocardium
severe suffocating chest pain caused by brief lack of oxygen supple to heart muscle
angina pectoris
a condition characterized by dead tissue areas in the myocardium caused by interruption of blood supply to the area
myocardial infarction
sets the hearts basic rhythm
intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)
the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium
sinoatrial mode (sa node) (pacemaker)
a local decrease in blood supply
ischemia
irregular, uncoordinated contractions of muscle cells
fibrillation
an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate
tachycardia (over 100bpm)
slow heart rate
bradycardia (under 60bpm)
the contraction phase of heart activity
systole
a period of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood
diastole
sound caused by the closing of AV valves
lub
sound caused when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole
dub
condition in which the pump if efficiency of the heart is depressed so that circulation is inadequate to meet the tissue needs
congestive heart failure (CHF)
the rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction
pulse
a point on the surface of the body sensitive to pressure
pressure point
the pressure of blood in the circulatory system
blood pressure
amount of pressure in the arteries during contraction of your heart muscle
systolic pressure (top number)
when your heart muscle is between beats
diastolic pressure (bottom number)
used to measure blood pressure in the brachial artery of the arm
auscultatory method
low blood pressure
hypotension
abnormally high blood pressure
hypertension
clogging of the coronary arteries due to fatty tissue build up
atherosclerosis
list the organs of the respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
three functions of the respiratory passageways
purify, humidify, and warm incoming air
two functions of the C shaped rings in the trachea
support trachea walls
allow the esophagus to expand
a procedure in which the air in a persons lungs is sided to expel the object
Heimlich maneuver
what are alveoli and what is there main function
air sacs that exchange gases
exhalation that depends on natural elasticity of the lungs more than on muscle contraction
expiration
normal adult pulse rate
60-80 bpm
regular intervals between beats
regular rhythm
when intervals are uneven but have a pattern
regular irregular rhythm
when the uneven interval is irregular
irregular irregular rhythm
leaping strong or forceful pulse
bounding pulse
weak barely felt pulse
thready pulse
an irregular pulse rate
arrhythmia
instrument used to amplify sound
stethoscope
7 places to palpate for a pulse
radial apical brachial carotid posterior popliteal femoral dorsalis pedis
a state of balance, when vital signs are within normal limits
homeostasis
highest and lowest pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
5th Cardinal sign
pain
scale used for 5th Cardinal sign
1-10
the mixing of oxygen and another element
oxidation
the process of eliminating waste material
excretion
balance between heat produced and heat lost
temperature
referring to elevated temperature
febrile
below normal temperature
hypothermia
above normal temperature
pyrexia
producing fever
pyrogenic
5 common infectious causes of elevated temperature
ear infection strept/sore throat UTIs URIs cold or flu like symptoms
3 common non infectious factors that may increase temperature
exercise
anxiety
excitement
3 non infectious factors that may decrease temperature
sleep
fasting
mouth breathing
other types of thermometers used in place of glass thermometers
temporal artery
chemically treated paper or plastic
electronic/digital
average temp in Fahrenheit
98.6
average temp in celcius
37
two names for ear thermometer
aural
tympanic
name for thermometer that goes along the forehead
temporal
name for thermometer that goes under the arm
axillary
the process of taking in oxygen into the body and expelling carbon dioxide from the body
respiration
normal adult respiration rate
12-20 per minute
a procedure used to determine the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
pulse oximetry
normal range of pulse oximetry and where to take it
95-100%
fingertip
shortness of breath
dyspnea
abnormally fast respirations
tachypnea
breathing is stopped
apnea
periods of bubbly or rattling sounds caused by mucus in the air passage
rales
periods of labored respirations of apnea
cheyne strokes
the study of the structure and relationships between body parts
anatomy
