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Clinical Skills > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

the science of how those parts come together to function and keep that body alive

A

physiology

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2
Q

cells vary widely in size and shape based on their…

A

purpose

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3
Q

different types of cells working together (muscles, membranes, nervous cavity linings)

A

tissues

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4
Q

two or more tissues come together (heart, liver, lungs)

A

organs

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5
Q

multiple organs working together for a given objective

A

organ systems

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6
Q

organization of cells (all levels combined)

A

body

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7
Q

maintain stable internal conditions no matter what changes occur outside the body

A

homeostasis

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8
Q

anatomical position

A

body is erect and facing forwards
arms facing forward
arms at side
palms supinated

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9
Q

Sagittal plane

A

left and right

splits vertically

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10
Q

coronal or frontal plane

A

front and back

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11
Q

transverse plane

A

top and bottom

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12
Q

axial

A

head, neck, and body (center

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13
Q

appendicular

A

arms and legs (appendages)

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14
Q

anterior

A

front of body

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15
Q

posterior

A

back of body

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16
Q

superior

A

towards the top

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17
Q

inferior

A

towards the bottom

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18
Q

medial

A

structure towards the midline

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19
Q

lateral

A

structure farther away from the midline

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20
Q

proximal

A

towards the trunk

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21
Q

distal

A

further from the trunk

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22
Q

cheek=

A

buccal

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23
Q

sternum=

A

sternal

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24
Q

chest=

A

thoracic

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25
Q

middle upper arm=

A

brachial

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26
Q

middle of arm

A

antecubital

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27
Q

abs=

A

abdominal

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28
Q

belly button=

A

umbilical

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29
Q

groin area=

A

inguinal

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30
Q

femur=

A

femoral

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31
Q

knee=

A

patellar

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32
Q

shin=

A

crural

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33
Q

ankle=

A

tarsal

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34
Q

head=

A

cephalic

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35
Q

shoulder blade=

A

scapular

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36
Q

tail bone=

A

sacral

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37
Q

butt=

A

gluteal

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38
Q

back of knee=

A

popliteal

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39
Q

calves=

A

sural

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40
Q

heel=

A

calcaneal

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41
Q

forehead=

A

frontal

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42
Q

eyes=

A

orbital

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43
Q

nose=

A

nasal

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44
Q

mouth=

A

oral

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45
Q

neck=

A

cervical

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46
Q

shoulder=

A

acromial

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47
Q

armpit=

A

axillary

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48
Q

middle lower arm=

A

antebrachial

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49
Q

hip=

A

coxal

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50
Q

gentile area=

A

pubic

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51
Q

outer leg=

A

fibular

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52
Q

spine=

A

vertebral

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53
Q

elbow=

A

olecranal

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54
Q

lower back=

A

lumbar

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55
Q

wrist=

A

carpal

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56
Q

fingers=

A

digital

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57
Q

bottom of foot=

A

plantar

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58
Q

which system is the external body covering

A

integumentary system

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59
Q

which system protects and supports body organs

A

skeletal system

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60
Q

which system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expressions

A

muscular system

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61
Q

which system is the fast acting control system

A

nervous system

62
Q

which system secrets hormone that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrients used by body cells

A

endocrine system

63
Q

which system pumps blood

A

cardiovascular system

64
Q

which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood

A

lymphatic system

65
Q

which system constantly supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

66
Q

which system breaks food down

A

digestive system

67
Q

which system eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body

A

urinary system

68
Q

which system is the production of offspring

A

male/female reproductive system

69
Q

what are the dorsal body cavities

A

cranial cavity

spinal cavity

70
Q

what’s are the ventral body cavities

A

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

71
Q

name the abdominal regions on the top row (right to left)

A

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region

72
Q

name the abdominal regions in the middle row (right to left)

A

right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region

73
Q

name the abdominal regions on the bottom row (right to left)

A

right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

74
Q

found between the two lungs; contains the heart

A

mediastinum

75
Q

touching to medically evaluate

A

palpate

76
Q

to listen with a stethoscope

A

auscultate

77
Q

list the order of blood flow in the heart

A

1) superior and inferior vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricusbid valve
4) right ventricle
5) pulmonary semilunar valve
6) pulmonary trunk
7) right and left pulmonary arteries
8) 4 pulmonary veins
9) left atrium
10) bicusbid valve
11) left ventricle
12) aortic semilunar valve
13) ascending aorta
14) aortic arch
15) descending aorta

78
Q

what side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood

A

left

79
Q

what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood

A

right

80
Q

organs of abdominal cavity

A

viscera

81
Q

pointed area of the heart

A

apex

82
Q

consists of layers that envelope the heart

A

pericardium

83
Q

a serous membrane that tightly huge the external surface of the heart

A

epicardium

84
Q

the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall

A

myocardium

85
Q

the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart

A

endocardium

86
Q

severe suffocating chest pain caused by brief lack of oxygen supple to heart muscle

A

angina pectoris

87
Q

a condition characterized by dead tissue areas in the myocardium caused by interruption of blood supply to the area

A

myocardial infarction

88
Q

sets the hearts basic rhythm

A

intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

89
Q

the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium

A

sinoatrial mode (sa node) (pacemaker)

90
Q

a local decrease in blood supply

A

ischemia

91
Q

irregular, uncoordinated contractions of muscle cells

A

fibrillation

92
Q

an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate

A

tachycardia (over 100bpm)

93
Q

slow heart rate

A

bradycardia (under 60bpm)

94
Q

the contraction phase of heart activity

A

systole

95
Q

a period of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood

A

diastole

96
Q

sound caused by the closing of AV valves

A

lub

97
Q

sound caused when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole

A

dub

98
Q

condition in which the pump if efficiency of the heart is depressed so that circulation is inadequate to meet the tissue needs

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

99
Q

the rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction

A

pulse

100
Q

a point on the surface of the body sensitive to pressure

A

pressure point

101
Q

the pressure of blood in the circulatory system

A

blood pressure

102
Q

amount of pressure in the arteries during contraction of your heart muscle

A

systolic pressure (top number)

103
Q

when your heart muscle is between beats

A

diastolic pressure (bottom number)

104
Q

used to measure blood pressure in the brachial artery of the arm

A

auscultatory method

105
Q

low blood pressure

A

hypotension

106
Q

abnormally high blood pressure

A

hypertension

107
Q

clogging of the coronary arteries due to fatty tissue build up

A

atherosclerosis

108
Q

list the organs of the respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

109
Q

three functions of the respiratory passageways

A

purify, humidify, and warm incoming air

110
Q

two functions of the C shaped rings in the trachea

A

support trachea walls

allow the esophagus to expand

111
Q

a procedure in which the air in a persons lungs is sided to expel the object

A

Heimlich maneuver

112
Q

what are alveoli and what is there main function

A

air sacs that exchange gases

113
Q

exhalation that depends on natural elasticity of the lungs more than on muscle contraction

A

expiration

114
Q

normal adult pulse rate

A

60-80 bpm

115
Q

regular intervals between beats

A

regular rhythm

116
Q

when intervals are uneven but have a pattern

A

regular irregular rhythm

117
Q

when the uneven interval is irregular

A

irregular irregular rhythm

118
Q

leaping strong or forceful pulse

A

bounding pulse

119
Q

weak barely felt pulse

A

thready pulse

120
Q

an irregular pulse rate

A

arrhythmia

121
Q

instrument used to amplify sound

A

stethoscope

122
Q

7 places to palpate for a pulse

A 
radial
apical
brachial
carotid
posterior popliteal
femoral 
dorsalis pedis
123
Q

a state of balance, when vital signs are within normal limits

A

homeostasis

124
Q

highest and lowest pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

125
Q

5th Cardinal sign

A

pain

126
Q

scale used for 5th Cardinal sign

A

1-10

127
Q

the mixing of oxygen and another element

A

oxidation

128
Q

the process of eliminating waste material

A

excretion

129
Q

balance between heat produced and heat lost

A

temperature

130
Q

referring to elevated temperature

A

febrile

131
Q

below normal temperature

A

hypothermia

132
Q

above normal temperature

A

pyrexia

133
Q

producing fever

A

pyrogenic

134
Q

5 common infectious causes of elevated temperature

A 
ear infection 
strept/sore throat
UTIs
URIs
cold or flu like symptoms
135
Q

3 common non infectious factors that may increase temperature

A

exercise
anxiety
excitement

136
Q

3 non infectious factors that may decrease temperature

A

sleep
fasting
mouth breathing

137
Q

other types of thermometers used in place of glass thermometers

A

temporal artery
chemically treated paper or plastic
electronic/digital

138
Q

average temp in Fahrenheit

A

98.6

139
Q

average temp in celcius

A

37

140
Q

two names for ear thermometer

A

aural

tympanic

141
Q

name for thermometer that goes along the forehead

A

temporal

142
Q

name for thermometer that goes under the arm

A

axillary

143
Q

the process of taking in oxygen into the body and expelling carbon dioxide from the body

A

respiration

144
Q

normal adult respiration rate

A

12-20 per minute

145
Q

a procedure used to determine the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

A

pulse oximetry

146
Q

normal range of pulse oximetry and where to take it

A

95-100%

fingertip

147
Q

shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

148
Q

abnormally fast respirations

A

tachypnea

149
Q

breathing is stopped

A

apnea

150
Q

periods of bubbly or rattling sounds caused by mucus in the air passage

A

rales

151
Q

periods of labored respirations of apnea

A

cheyne strokes

152
Q

the study of the structure and relationships between body parts

A

anatomy

Clinical Skills (18 decks)

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