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Entomology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Facultative parthenogenesis

A

Eggs may develop without fertilization or after fertilization depending on conditions

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2
Q

Dermatosis

A

Skin irritations caused by bites, contacts, secretions, or skin invasions

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3
Q

Cosmetic damage

A

Injure that is largely or wholly aesthetic; inconsequential in all aspects except with consumer perceptions

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4
Q

Automictic parthenogenesis

A

Normal meiosis division in egg formation, followed by fusion of nuclei so diploid number restored

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5
Q

Silverfish

A

Damage books and papers

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6
Q

Mate guarding

A

Behavior to insure paternity

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7
Q

Homeland security

A

Agro-terrorism

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8
Q

Dirofilariasis

A

Dog heartworm

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9
Q

Traumatic insemination

A

Insemination of a female by piercing the abdomen at a specialized site and injecting semen directly into the body cavity

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10
Q

Nicotine

A

String neurotoxin product of tobacco

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11
Q

Economic injury level

A

Level of insect injury where cost of damage equals cost of control

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12
Q

Lotic

A

Moving waters

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13
Q

Shredders

A

Chew up dead plant matter and eat bacteria and fungi on surface

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14
Q

PPQ

A

Plant Protection and Quarantine

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15
Q

Pest status

A

Depends on the population levels and the type of injury that the insect inflicts to the crop

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16
Q

Multivoltine

A

Many gens/year

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17
Q

Standard deviation

A

Averages deviations of sample counts from the mean value

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18
Q

E horizon

A

Zone of leaching; dissolved or suspended materials move downward

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19
Q

Lyme disease

A

Progressive disease, initial rash, flu-like symptoms, leading to possible cardiac and neurologic problems, arthritis; vectored by ticks

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20
Q

C horizon

A

Weathered parent material; partially broken-down inorganic minerals

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21
Q

Sampling universe

A

Whole population from which samples will be taken/habitat

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22
Q

Sampling unit

A

Proportion of the space from which insect counts are taken

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23
Q

Sampling technique

A

Method used for collecting information from a single sampling unit

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24
Q

Sampling program

A

Procedure that employs a particular sampling technique to obtain the sample and make an estimate of the population

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25
Q

PTTH

A

Neuropeptide secreted by neuro-secretory cells in the brain, stored in corpora cardiaca or corpora allata, acts on prothoracic gland

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26
Q

Bivoltine

A

2 gens/year

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27
Q

Ecdysone

A

Molting hormone, released from the prothoracic gland

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28
Q

Pest

A

Any insect that interferes with human welfare or aesthetics

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29
Q

Prothoracicotropic hormone

A

PTTH

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30
Q

Facultative myiasis

A

Casual or accidental; larvae normally develop in another habitat

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31
Q

Envenomization

A

Injection of venom by stings or other means

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32
Q

Juvenile Hormone

A

JH

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33
Q

Benthos

A

Organisms associated with the bottom of body of H2O

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34
Q

Sclerotization

A

Hardening of the cuticle by a process of chemical tanning

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35
Q

Spiders

A

Most are harmless but some are toxic

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36
Q

A horizon

A

Topsoil: organic matter (humus), living organisms, inorganic minerals

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37
Q

Generalized Female Reproductive System

A

Accessory glands may have several functions from the secretion of adhesive materials to formation of an ootheca

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38
Q

Conservation of natural enemies

A

Conserving existing biocontrol agents

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39
Q

Benthic zone

A

Stream bottoms

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40
Q

B horizon

A

Subsoil: accumulation of iron, aluminum, humic compounds, and clay leached down from the A and E horizons

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41
Q

Biological control

A

Use of natural enemies (parasites, predators, pathogens) to control pests

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42
Q

Precocenes

A

Interfere with corpora allata

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43
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Infection by intracellualar parasites in genus Leishmania; widely various symptoms

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44
Q

Courtship feeding

A

Male brings a “gift” of a seed to a female, allows male to mate with her while she eats the “nuptial gift”

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45
Q

Parasitoids

A

Kill one host to mature

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46
Q

Littoral zone

A

Shallow water along edge, where it is possible for plants to be rooted

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47
Q

Bt (a Bacillus species)

A

Toxic to caterpillars

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48
Q

Cultural control

A

The manipulation of a cropping system or specific crop production practices to reduce pest populations or pest injury to crops (ex: tillage, crop rotation, trap crops)

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49
Q

Acaricides

A

Kills mites

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50
Q

Wasps

A

Stinging danger

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51
Q

Generalized Male Reproductive System

A

Accessory glands produce seminal fluid and proteinaceous secretions for the formation of a spermatophore

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52
Q

Thelytoky parthenogenesis

A

Only females are produced in parthenogenesis

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53
Q

Diflubenzuron

A

Inhibits the synthesis of chitin

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54
Q

Sperm displacement

A

Replacement of sperm received from previous matings

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55
Q

Aquatic insects

A

Insects that spend at part of their lives associated with aquatic environments

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56
Q

Augmentation of natural enemies

A

Mass reading and releasing parasitoids and predators

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57
Q

O horizon

A

Surface litter; fallen leaves and partially decomposed organic debris

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58
Q

Delusory parasitosis

A

Erroneous belief that one is infested by insects or other arthropods

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59
Q

Role of the endocrine system

A

Controls the process of molting and metamorphosis via hormone secretion

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60
Q

Termites

A

Play an important role in the breakdown and recycling of wood, however when they invade wooden structures they become a serious pest

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61
Q

Antixenosis

A

Repelling pest

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62
Q

London purple

A

(Arsenical) Used as a substitute for Paris Green

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63
Q

USDA-APHIS-PPQ

A

Main US quarantine agency

64
Q

Myiasis

A

Invasion of organs or tissues of vertebrate animals by larvae of Diptera

65
Q

Grazers

A

Feed by scraping diatoms, bacteria, and algae off on surfaces

66
Q

Sperm competition

A

Ex: males dislodge rival’s sperm packet and insert their own

67
Q

Stored product pests

A

Feed on and damage grains, food stuffs, clothing, leather, tobacco products, etc.

68
Q

Direct pests

A

Feed or oviposit on fruiting structures of parts of the plant that are harvested

69
Q

IPM

A

The use of ALL available tactics in the design of a program to manage (not eradicate) pest populations so that economic damage and harmful side effects are minimized

70
Q

Japanese beetle

A

A widespread, polyphagus insect that may feed on some 275 kinds of plants, including fruit and shade trees, roses, flowers, and turf

71
Q

Entirely aquatic orders

A

Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, Trichoptera

72
Q

Botanical insecticides

A

Derived from plants

73
Q

Plague

A

An acute, severe infection that appears in a bubonic or pneumonic form; caused by Yersinia pestis, vectored by oriental rat flea

74
Q

Lead arsenate

A

Used for gypsy moth control and cotton pest control

75
Q

Indirect pests

A

Attack the vegetative parts of the plant and reduce overall productivity

76
Q

Diapause

A

Period of arrested development and reduced metabolism during which growth and development cease; may be obligatory or facultative

77
Q

Pyrethrum

A

Contact poison product of chrysanthemums

78
Q

Hydrogen cyanide

A

Used for museum case fumigation

79
Q

Red Imported Fire Ant

A

Pest of humans, livestock, wildlife, agriculture, turf; spread throughout much of Southern US

80
Q

Kerosene

A

Emulsions sprayed on fruit trees

81
Q

Springtails

A

Beneficial to crop plants by releasing nutrients and by feeding upon diseases caused by fungi

82
Q

Injury

A

Nuisance that the insect inflicts to the crop

83
Q

Indirect methods of sampling

A

Products measured, plant damage

84
Q

Limnetic zone

A

Vertical region from water surface to point where light is insufficient to drive photosynthesis

85
Q

Sclerites

A

Hardened plates in integument

86
Q

Yellow fever

A

An acute arbovirus infection of valuable severity; characterized by sudden onset of fever, lowered pulse and headaches…sometimes accompanied by jaundice and black vomit

87
Q

Tropical Soda Apple

A

The plant from hell

88
Q

R horizon

A

Bedrock; impenetrable layer

89
Q

Relative methods of sampling

A

Number of insects per trap

90
Q

Integrated Pest Management

A

IPM

91
Q

Profundal zone

A

Deepest layers, where photosynthetic light can’t penetrate

92
Q

Entomophobia

A

Fear of insects

93
Q

Physiologically important injury

A

Some level of insect feeding is not detrimental to the plant; above a certain level, plants can become physiologically stressed

94
Q

Cockroaches

A

Household pests that feed on and spoil food; can cause allergies and even asthma

95
Q

Standard error

A

Estimate of the standard deviation of the population

96
Q

Lime-sulfur

A

Mixture used for scale insect control

97
Q

Soybean aphid

A

A new pest of soybean in the US; native to Asia

98
Q

Boll weevil

A

Introduced from Mexico in 1892, major pest of cotton grown in US

99
Q

Malaria vector

A

Anopheles mosquito

100
Q

Filter feeders

A

Obtain particulate matter from the water column using feeding fans or with silk nets

101
Q

DDT

A

A chlorinated hydrocarbon; effective but long lived in environment

102
Q

Paris Green

A

Found to be effective against the Colorado Potato Beetle

103
Q

Herbivores (root feeders)

A

Consume plant roots; crop yield losses

104
Q

Shredders

A

Chew up dead plant matter and eat bacteria and fungi on surface

105
Q

Mean

A

Average

106
Q

Herbivores

A

Root feeders

107
Q

Onchocerciasis

A

River blindness

108
Q

Plastron

A

The bubble through which insects breathe when underwater

109
Q

Causal organism of Malaria

A

Plasmodium spp. (Parasitic protozoan)

110
Q

Integument

A

Consists of sclerites interconnected by membranous areas to provide flexibility

111
Q

Facultative diapause

A

Temporary dormancy or halt in the life cycle due to unfavorable environmental conditions; independent of the life cycle

112
Q

Arboviruses

A

Arthropod-borne viruses

113
Q

Apomictic parthenogenesis

A

No reduction division in egg formation, females identical to mother

114
Q

Obligatory diapause

A

State of arrested growth or development that is programmed into the life cycle; usually initiated by environmental factors and requires special circumstances for termination

115
Q

Absolute methods of sampling

A

Number of insects per standard unit

116
Q

Lentic

A

Still waters

117
Q

APHIS

A

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

118
Q

Fungus

A

Kills cotton aphids

119
Q

Juvenile hormone (JH)

A

Terpenoid compound secreted by corpora allata

120
Q

Antibiosis

A

Killing pest directly

121
Q

Rotenone

A

Stomach and contact poison from Derris plants

122
Q

Integument

A

Insect exoskeleton

123
Q

Spermatophore

A

Sperm packet produced by the male; provides nutrients for female in some species

124
Q

Diamondback moth

A

One of the most important pests of vegetables world wide; frequent pest of cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, rape, and tsunga

125
Q

Parthogenesis

A

Production of offspring from unfertilized eggs

126
Q

Inorganic insecticides

A

Derived from inorganic chemicals

127
Q

Typhus

A

Caused by Rickettsia; vectored by human body louse

128
Q

Host plant resistance

A

Altering the genetic component of the host plant to increase resistance to insect feeding or to discourage insect attack

129
Q

Economic threshold

A

Level of insect injury in which treatment must be initiated to prevent economic loss

130
Q

Cowpea weevils

A

Major storage pests of cowpea

131
Q

Buboes

A

Enlarged lymph nodes

132
Q

Pneumonic plague

A

Moves into lungs, high fever, chills, cough, highly contagious, deadliest form

133
Q

Gypsy moth

A

The most important hardwood pest in the US; attacks trees, prefers oaks

134
Q

Autocidal control

A

Genetic manipulation of pest population by introducing lethal genes, genes which affect development or by reducing reproductive capacity

135
Q

Sperm precedence

A

Typically sperm of last male to mate fertilizes a female’s eggs

136
Q

Deuteroroky parthenogenesis

A

Eggs may be of either sex

137
Q

Homeostasis

A

Water, salt balance

138
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Acute febrile disease, characteristic rash, can be fatal; caused by Rickettsia, vectored by ticks

139
Q

Classical biological control

A

Importation of new natural enemies

140
Q

Voltinism

A

Number of generations per year in an insect life cycle

141
Q

Univoltine

A

1 gen/year

142
Q

Trypanosomiasis

A

Sleeping sickness; Nagana (domestic animals)…vectored by tsetse fly

143
Q

Arrhenotoky parthenogenesis

A

Males are produced without fertilization, haploid-diploid situation

144
Q

Bubonic plague

A

Symptoms include high fever, formation of buboes, disease progression typically from lymphatic system to blood, to liver and spleen

145
Q

Acute toxicity

A

Immediate toxic effects of exposure (not long term)

146
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

Toxic effects that occur some time after exposure, months or years

147
Q

Carcinogenicity

A

Potential to cause cancer

148
Q

Teratogenecity

A

Potential to cause birth defects

149
Q

Mutagenicity

A

Potential for genetic damage

150
Q

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

A

FIFRA

151
Q

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

A

Establishes pesticide residue tolerances

152
Q

Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)

A

Strengthens legal provisions in the first 2 above; particularly to protect infants and children

153
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

Sets tolerance levels

154
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

Monitor pesticide residues in all foods

155
Q

Oviposition

A

Selection of site to lay eggs, often based on specific stimuli

156
Q

Juvabione

A

The paper factor

Entomology (2 decks)

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