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Biology 102 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molars - #
Premolars - #
Incisors - #
Canine - #

A

12
8
8
4

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2
Q

above gum line

A

Crown

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3
Q

below gum line

A

root

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4
Q

hard calcium

A

enamel

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5
Q

soft bone

A

dentin

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6
Q

marrow - like tissue in tooth

A

pulp

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7
Q

nerves and blood vessels in tooth

A

root canal

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8
Q

for mashing food (ridges)

A

hard palate

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9
Q

assist in swallowing

A

soft palate

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10
Q

for the immune system

A

tonsils

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11
Q

5 taste

A

bitter, sweet, salty, sour, savory

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12
Q

taste, mashing & mixing food, communication and temp.

A

tongue

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13
Q

secrete saliva ; enzyme amylase for digestion

A

Salivary Glands

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14
Q

largest cheeks

A

Parotids

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15
Q

Under front of tongue

A

Sublingual gland

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16
Q

Under back of tongue

A

Submandibular gland

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17
Q

1st stage of swallowing : bolus moves to back of mouth by tongue

A

Voluntary stage

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18
Q

2nd stage of swallowing : trachea closed by epiglottis and food enters esophagus

A

Pharyngeal stage

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19
Q

3rd stage of swallowing : peristalisis moves bolus through cardiac sphincter into the stomach

A

Esophageal stage

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20
Q

Involuntary smooth muscle contractions to transport food through digestive system (food uncomfortable stuck in throat temporarily)

A

Peristalsis

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21
Q

folds in lining (stress sensor) in stomach

A

Rugae

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22
Q

Inner layer of stomach - digestive enzyme

A

Mucosa

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23
Q

food mixes in stomach to produce

A

chyme

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24
Q

middle layer of stomach containing blood vessels

A

submucosa

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25
Q

blood filter, removes toxins (hydrophobic) and ammonia, produces bile, & stores glycogen and vitamins

A

Liver

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26
Q

Secretes biles

A

Gall bladder

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27
Q

universal digestive gland that secretes enzymes for all nutrients (biocarbonate ions to neutralize stomach)

secretes insulin to control blood sugar

A

pancreas

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28
Q

site of nutrient absorption (simple and facilitated diffusion)

A

Small Intestine

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29
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilieum

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30
Q

the lumen is lined w

A

Villi

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31
Q

Villi houses

A

blood and lymph vessels

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32
Q

waste is passed through large intestine at

A

Cecum

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33
Q

Large intestine’s primary function

A

Reabsorption of water from waste

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34
Q

bacteria in large intestine that produces vitamin k

A

Normal Flora

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35
Q

6 structures of Large intestine

A 
Cecum - joins w s. intestine & house appendix
Ascending Colon - up in abdomen
transverse colon - across abdomen
descending colon - down abdomen
sigmoid colon - curved colon to rectum
rectum - terminates with anus
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36
Q

what forms majority of the human diet

A

Carbs

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37
Q

Complexed (healthy carbs)

A

Branched

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38
Q

all enzymes are

A

protein

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39
Q

fats and cholesterol

A

lipids

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40
Q

linoleic acid for

A

phospholipids

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41
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

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42
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B

C

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43
Q

Fight Free radicals vitamins

A

C

E

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44
Q

Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Potassium

A

Minerals

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45
Q

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

A 
A = eyesight
D = strong bones
E = skin
K = blood clotting
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46
Q

20% above ideal weight

A

obesity

47
Q

Binge and purge

A

Bulemia

48
Q

Excess weight loss

A

Anorexia

49
Q

Transport blood AWAY from heart ; thick muscular vessels, expand as heart pumps blood generating pulse

A

Arteries & Arterioles

50
Q

Carry blood to heart ; thin w low blood pressure, internal valves that prevent backflow

A

Veins

51
Q

Site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen (osmosis & diffusion)

One thick cell - join arterioles and venules

A

Capillaries

52
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Myocardium

53
Q

sep. left and right sides of heart

A

septum

54
Q

Between atria & Ventricles

- supported by chordae tendineae

A

Atrioventricular valves

55
Q

Right -

Left-

A

Tricuspid

Bicuspid

56
Q

Between Arteries and heart (pulmonary artery and Aorta)

A

Semilunar Valves

57
Q

blood flowing in artery

A

pulse

58
Q

relaxation in venricles

A

Diastole

59
Q

Contraction of Ventricles

A

Systole

60
Q

Pacemaker on R. Atrium

A

Sinoatrial Node

61
Q

Coordinates heart chamber (R. Atrium)

A

Atrioventricular Node

62
Q

pressure generated by arteries and veins by heart

A

Blood pressure

63
Q

Contraction of ventricles “artery pressure”

A

Systolic pressure

64
Q

Relaxing of ventricles “vein pressure”

A

Diastolic pressure

65
Q

Circulation of blood through lungs

Vena cava -> Right AV (tricuspid) -> Right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulm artery in lungs (oxygenated blood enters lung)

A

Pulmonary Ciruit

66
Q

Circulation of blood(oxygenated) through the body

Pulm artery -> L. Atrium (bicuspid) -> L. ventricle -> semilunar valve -> enters aorta

A

Systemic circuit

67
Q

largest vein (carries blood to R. atrium)

A

Vena Cava

68
Q

largest artery

A

Aorta

69
Q

artery and vein in brain

A

Carotid artery & Jugular Vein

70
Q

Heart artery

A

Coronary

71
Q

Lung artery

A

Pulmonary

72
Q

Liver artery

A

Hepatic

73
Q

Kidney artery

A

Renal

74
Q

Leg artery

A

Iliac

75
Q

build up of fat and cholesterol in arteries

A

Atheroscierosis

76
Q

Calcification and hardening of cholesterol

A

Arteriosclerosis

77
Q

Swelling and or bursting of weak artery wall

A

Aneurysm

78
Q

blood clot blocking coronary artery (Heart)

A

Coronary Thrombosis

79
Q 
Red blood cells
Nonnucleated
contain hemoglobin
transport oxygen to tissue
low count indicates anemia
A

Erythrocytes

80
Q

White blood cells
nucleated
fight infection - defend from tumors and viruses

A

Leukocytes

81
Q

1st on site of injury - engulf infectious invaders in blood

A

Neutrophils

82
Q

assist in process of blood clotting - thickening blood, contain growth factors to regenerate tissue

A

Thrombocytes (t-cells)

83
Q

Balance of blood cells to plasma

A

Hematocrit

84
Q

liquid portion of blood

A

blood plasma

85
Q

Sac of smooth muscle that houses testes and elasticity regulates temp

A

Scrotum

86
Q

Site of sperm production and is covered w pressure sensitive neurons

A

Teste

87
Q

male hormone

A

Testosterone

88
Q

FSH - from Pituitary Gland

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

89
Q

Sac on top of testes (Stores sperm 10-14 days)

A

Epididymus

90
Q

Sperm duct from epididymus - prostate gland

*vasectomy

A

Vas Deferens

91
Q

glands that secrete fructose sugar into semen

A

Seminal Vessicles

92
Q

gland that secretes bicarbonate ions into semen to neutralize acidity of vagina

*controls urine

A

Prostate gland

93
Q

gland that secretes thick mucous into urethra to lubricate path for semen

A

Bulbourethral gland

94
Q

external genetalia

A

penis

95
Q

internal tube in penis semen flows through

A

urethra

96
Q

head of sperm contains

A

DNA and penetration enzyme (Acrosome)

97
Q

Neck of sperm

A

Cell body and attachment for fructose

98
Q

Tail of sperm

A

Microtubule protein fibers (flagellum)

99
Q

Site of Egg production

Golf ball size glands

A

Ovaries

100
Q

When do females produce eggs

A

before birth

101
Q

Female hormone

A

Estrogen

102
Q

Estrogen is produced in

A

Follicle Cells

103
Q

what occurs in Follicle chamber

A

Meiosis

104
Q

____ produced in vacated follicle chamber

blocks glandular secretions to fertilize egg

A

Progesterone

105
Q

the vacated follicle chamber is known as

A

Corpus Luteum

106
Q

site of fertilization

pair of 4 long ciliated tubes leading from ovaries to uterus

A

Oviducts / Fallopian tubes

107
Q

getting your tubes tied is known as

A

tubal ligation

108
Q

AKA Womb

site of placenta attachment

A

Uterus

109
Q

What provides nutrients for egg until placenta developes

A

endometrium (lining that is shed)

110
Q

opening base of uterus

where sperm passes through and babes come out

A

Cervix

111
Q

Female sex organ

protected by labia

A

Vagina

112
Q

female hormone secreted from pituitary gland

when this rises estrogen is produced

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)

113
Q

Stimulates ovulation

A

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

Biology 102 (2 decks)

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