final Flashcards
Molars - #
Premolars - #
Incisors - #
Canine - #
12
8
8
4
above gum line
Crown
below gum line
root
hard calcium
enamel
soft bone
dentin
marrow - like tissue in tooth
pulp
nerves and blood vessels in tooth
root canal
for mashing food (ridges)
hard palate
assist in swallowing
soft palate
for the immune system
tonsils
5 taste
bitter, sweet, salty, sour, savory
taste, mashing & mixing food, communication and temp.
tongue
secrete saliva ; enzyme amylase for digestion
Salivary Glands
largest cheeks
Parotids
Under front of tongue
Sublingual gland
Under back of tongue
Submandibular gland
1st stage of swallowing : bolus moves to back of mouth by tongue
Voluntary stage
2nd stage of swallowing : trachea closed by epiglottis and food enters esophagus
Pharyngeal stage
3rd stage of swallowing : peristalisis moves bolus through cardiac sphincter into the stomach
Esophageal stage
Involuntary smooth muscle contractions to transport food through digestive system (food uncomfortable stuck in throat temporarily)
Peristalsis
folds in lining (stress sensor) in stomach
Rugae
Inner layer of stomach - digestive enzyme
Mucosa
food mixes in stomach to produce
chyme
middle layer of stomach containing blood vessels
submucosa
blood filter, removes toxins (hydrophobic) and ammonia, produces bile, & stores glycogen and vitamins
Liver
Secretes biles
Gall bladder
universal digestive gland that secretes enzymes for all nutrients (biocarbonate ions to neutralize stomach)
secretes insulin to control blood sugar
pancreas
site of nutrient absorption (simple and facilitated diffusion)
Small Intestine
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilieum
the lumen is lined w
Villi
Villi houses
blood and lymph vessels
waste is passed through large intestine at
Cecum
Large intestine’s primary function
Reabsorption of water from waste
bacteria in large intestine that produces vitamin k
Normal Flora
6 structures of Large intestine
Cecum - joins w s. intestine & house appendix Ascending Colon - up in abdomen transverse colon - across abdomen descending colon - down abdomen sigmoid colon - curved colon to rectum rectum - terminates with anus
what forms majority of the human diet
Carbs
Complexed (healthy carbs)
Branched
all enzymes are
protein
fats and cholesterol
lipids
linoleic acid for
phospholipids
fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
water soluble vitamins
B
C
Fight Free radicals vitamins
C
E
Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Potassium
Minerals
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
A = eyesight D = strong bones E = skin K = blood clotting
20% above ideal weight
obesity
Binge and purge
Bulemia
Excess weight loss
Anorexia
Transport blood AWAY from heart ; thick muscular vessels, expand as heart pumps blood generating pulse
Arteries & Arterioles
Carry blood to heart ; thin w low blood pressure, internal valves that prevent backflow
Veins
Site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen (osmosis & diffusion)
One thick cell - join arterioles and venules
Capillaries
Cardiac muscle tissue
Myocardium
sep. left and right sides of heart
septum
Between atria & Ventricles
- supported by chordae tendineae
Atrioventricular valves
Right -
Left-
Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Between Arteries and heart (pulmonary artery and Aorta)
Semilunar Valves
blood flowing in artery
pulse
relaxation in venricles
Diastole
Contraction of Ventricles
Systole
Pacemaker on R. Atrium
Sinoatrial Node
Coordinates heart chamber (R. Atrium)
Atrioventricular Node
pressure generated by arteries and veins by heart
Blood pressure
Contraction of ventricles “artery pressure”
Systolic pressure
Relaxing of ventricles “vein pressure”
Diastolic pressure
Circulation of blood through lungs
Vena cava -> Right AV (tricuspid) -> Right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulm artery in lungs (oxygenated blood enters lung)
Pulmonary Ciruit
Circulation of blood(oxygenated) through the body
Pulm artery -> L. Atrium (bicuspid) -> L. ventricle -> semilunar valve -> enters aorta
Systemic circuit
largest vein (carries blood to R. atrium)
Vena Cava
largest artery
Aorta
artery and vein in brain
Carotid artery & Jugular Vein
Heart artery
Coronary
Lung artery
Pulmonary
Liver artery
Hepatic
Kidney artery
Renal
Leg artery
Iliac
build up of fat and cholesterol in arteries
Atheroscierosis
Calcification and hardening of cholesterol
Arteriosclerosis
Swelling and or bursting of weak artery wall
Aneurysm
blood clot blocking coronary artery (Heart)
Coronary Thrombosis
Red blood cells Nonnucleated contain hemoglobin transport oxygen to tissue low count indicates anemia
Erythrocytes
White blood cells
nucleated
fight infection - defend from tumors and viruses
Leukocytes
1st on site of injury - engulf infectious invaders in blood
Neutrophils
assist in process of blood clotting - thickening blood, contain growth factors to regenerate tissue
Thrombocytes (t-cells)
Balance of blood cells to plasma
Hematocrit
liquid portion of blood
blood plasma
Sac of smooth muscle that houses testes and elasticity regulates temp
Scrotum
Site of sperm production and is covered w pressure sensitive neurons
Teste
male hormone
Testosterone
FSH - from Pituitary Gland
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Sac on top of testes (Stores sperm 10-14 days)
Epididymus
Sperm duct from epididymus - prostate gland
*vasectomy
Vas Deferens
glands that secrete fructose sugar into semen
Seminal Vessicles
gland that secretes bicarbonate ions into semen to neutralize acidity of vagina
*controls urine
Prostate gland
gland that secretes thick mucous into urethra to lubricate path for semen
Bulbourethral gland
external genetalia
penis
internal tube in penis semen flows through
urethra
head of sperm contains
DNA and penetration enzyme (Acrosome)
Neck of sperm
Cell body and attachment for fructose
Tail of sperm
Microtubule protein fibers (flagellum)
Site of Egg production
Golf ball size glands
Ovaries
When do females produce eggs
before birth
Female hormone
Estrogen
Estrogen is produced in
Follicle Cells
what occurs in Follicle chamber
Meiosis
____ produced in vacated follicle chamber
blocks glandular secretions to fertilize egg
Progesterone
the vacated follicle chamber is known as
Corpus Luteum
site of fertilization
pair of 4 long ciliated tubes leading from ovaries to uterus
Oviducts / Fallopian tubes
getting your tubes tied is known as
tubal ligation
AKA Womb
site of placenta attachment
Uterus
What provides nutrients for egg until placenta developes
endometrium (lining that is shed)
opening base of uterus
where sperm passes through and babes come out
Cervix
Female sex organ
protected by labia
Vagina
female hormone secreted from pituitary gland
when this rises estrogen is produced
Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Stimulates ovulation
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
