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Cell Biology > Final 5 > Flashcards

Final 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes DNA fragmentation during apoptosis?

A

Endonucleases

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2
Q

Primary mechanism of destruction is due to the activation of what protease?

A

Caspases

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3
Q

How are activation cascades set in motion?

A

Initiator procaspases activated

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4
Q

WHat do initiator caspase cascades lead to?

A

Executioner caspases

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5
Q

Two receptors of extrinsic apoptosis induction

A

TNF and Fas

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6
Q

What protein do Fas receptors recruit?

A

FADD

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7
Q

Recruitment of three procapases form this complex

A

DISC

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8
Q

What does released cytochrome c bind to?

A

Apaf-1

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9
Q

Wheel-like heptamer that apaf-1 forms

A

Apoptosome

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10
Q

WHat does Apaf-1 bind to and activate?

A

Caspase-9

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11
Q

2 Bcl-2 family members that inhibit apopttosis

A

Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl

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12
Q

Two Bcl-2 family members that promote apoptosis

A

Bax, Bac

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13
Q

How many BH domains do anti-apoptotic members of Bcl contain?

A

4

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14
Q

How many BH domains do pro-apoptotic members of Bcl contain?

A

3

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15
Q

3 pro-apoptotic family members with only 1 BH domain

A

Bad, Bim, Bid

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16
Q

Form a pore in the OMM

A

Bax, bak

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17
Q

Stays located in the cytosol and translocates to mitochondria in response to apoptotic singal

A

Bax

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18
Q

How do Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl work to prevent apoptosis?

A

Bind to bax to prevent oligomerization

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19
Q

How do BH3 only protein work to promote apoptosis?

A

Inhibits Bcl-2 activity

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20
Q

Proteins that direct caspase inhibitors

A

IAPs

21
Q

Cells that counteract IAPs

A

Anti-IAPs

22
Q

Family of transmembrane anchors that mediate cell-cell interactions

A

Cadherin

23
Q

Family of transmembrane anchors that mediates Cell-matrix interactions

A

Integrin

24
Q

Connect cytoskelton of a cell to the cytoskeleton of its neighbors or ECM

A

Anhcoring junctions

25
Q

4 types of anchroing junctions

A

Adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, actin-linked cell-matrix adhesion

26
Q

Main function of cadherins

A

Cell-cell adhesion medaited by calcium

27
Q

Connect actin filaments from cell to cell

A

Adherens junctions

28
Q

WHat transmembrane adhesion proteins do adherens junctions use?

A

Cadherins

29
Q

Connection between IFs from one cell to another

A

Desmosomes

30
Q

Connect IFs to basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosomes

31
Q

What type of transmembrane adhesion proteins do hemidesmosomes use?

A

Integrin family

32
Q

Primary intracellular anchor protein of hemidesmosomes

A

Plectin

33
Q

Mediate cell-cell adhesions in bloodstream

A

selectins

34
Q

Proteins that help organize junctional complexes

A

Scaffolding proteins

35
Q

FOrms selective permeability barrier across epithelial sheets

A

Occluding jiunctions

36
Q

COmpletely encircle each cell in an epithelial sheet

A

Sealing strands

37
Q

Each span the bilayer 4 times and interact iwht one another across cells

A

Claudin, occludin

38
Q

Allow small molecules to pass directly from cell to cell

A

Gap junctions

39
Q

Membrane-spanning channel-forming proteins of gap junctions

A

connexins

40
Q

How many connexin subunits make up a connexon?

A

6

41
Q

Plant version of gap junctions

A

Plasmodesmata

42
Q

Main composition of basal lamina

A

Fibrous proteins and GAG polysaccharides

43
Q

What organizes the sheet-like structure of the basal lamina?

A

Laminins

44
Q

What does the gamma chain of laminin interact with?

A

Nidogen

45
Q

What do the alpha-chains of laminin interact with?

A

Integrin

46
Q

specialized signaling forms of actin-linked cell matrix adhesion

A

Focal adhesion

47
Q

Signaling protein found at focal adhesion

A

FAK (focal adhesion kinase)

48
Q

speicalized ECM for eggs

A

Zona pellucida

Cell Biology (7 decks)

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