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Toxicology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The gas that has poor warning properties is which of the following?

  • Hydrogen sulfide
  • sulfer dioxide
  • Ozone
  • Carbon monoxide
A

Carbon monoxide

no color or smell

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2
Q

Chronic use of steroidal anti-inflammatory meds will NOT cause which of the following effects?

  • Cataracts
  • Hypoglycemia
  • GI Ulcers
  • Hypertension
A

Hypoglycemia

causes HYPERgylcemia by keeping insulin in blood mimicking Diabetes Mellitus - also: mimics Cushung’s
catabolizes proteins = muscle wasting and difficulty healing
Suppresses pituitary ACTH secretion

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3
Q

Which of the following is the correct for carbon monoxide?

  • It binds to Hb at the N-terminus
  • It has the greatest binding affinity for adult Hb
  • It competes with oxygen for binding sites in Hb
  • It oxidizes Hb to form Methemoglobin
A

It competes with O2 from binding sites in Hb

  • It has the greatest binding affinity for fetal Hb
  • N-terminus is binding to an amino acid on the end like with strong acids
  • Nitrogen oxide causes oxidized Hb = Methemoglobin
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4
Q

Which of the following are sources of carbon monoxide?

  • cigarette smoke
  • car exhaust
  • gasoline generators
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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5
Q

Chronic use of SAIDs can cause GI ulcers because of the inhibition of which of the following enzymes?

  • Phospholipase A2
  • Phospholipase C
  • Cyclo-oxygenase
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase
A

Phospholipase A2

  • Phospholipase C = second messenger
  • Cyclo-oxygenase = NASIDs
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase =
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6
Q

Carbon monoxide inhalation:

  • will reduce the amount of Hb available to transport oxygen
  • can be misdiagnosed as the flu
  • can cause fetal damage
  • A and B
  • All are correct
A

all are correct

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7
Q

Chronic use of NSAIDs cause GI ulcers because of inhibition on which enzyme?

  • Phospholipase A2
  • Phospholipase C
  • Cyclo-oxygenase
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase
A

Cyclo-oxygenase

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8
Q

Which of the following is the characteristic sequel upon dermal contact with a strong base as lye (sodium hydroxide)?

  • progressive, penetrative damage
  • superficial damage with escher formation
  • systemic toxicity due to severe methemoglobinemia
  • decreased oxygen transport due to hemolytic anemia
A

progressive, penetrative damage

  • superficial = strong acid
  • methemoglobinemia = nitrogen oxide
  • hemolytic anemia = not systemic effects, only to local area of contact
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9
Q

The intensity of a systemic toxic effect is directly proportional to which of the following?

  • exposed dose
  • absorbed dose
  • plasma protein binding
  • target site concentration
A

absorbed dose

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10
Q

Delayed onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of which of the following chemical exposures?

  • Drinking water with high arsenic contaminants
  • ingestion of E. Coli contaminated food
  • dermal contact with muriatic acid
  • inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility
A

inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility

**anything with low water solubility will be hard to remove from the body

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11
Q

Methemoglobinemia is characterized by which of the following?

  • Oxygen transport in blood is increased
  • A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate brown
  • it is caused by exposure to reducing chemicals
  • it protects the individual against angina episodes
A

A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate brown – hence “chocolate cyanosis”

  • decreases O2 transport
  • caused by development deficiency of enzyme Methemoglobin reductase
  • causes tissue hypoxia and if anything causes angina episodes
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12
Q

Most of the particulates that get deposited in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract are removed by which of the following?

  • mucus
  • ciliated epithelium
  • muco-ciliary system
  • alveolar macrophages
A

muco-ciliary system

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13
Q

Which of the following is monitored as the index of outdoor air quality?

  • carbon monoxide
  • nitrogen gases
  • ozone
  • particulates
A

ozone

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14
Q

Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which of the following forms of Hb?

  • Major Adult Hb
  • Minor Adult Hb
  • Fetal Hb
  • None are correct
A

fetal Hb

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15
Q

Well water in the midwest may cause methemoglobinemia-associated hypoxia, especially in infants, because of the presence of high concentrations of:

  • DDT
  • nitrites and nitrates
  • benzene
  • carbon tetrachloride
A

nitrites and nitrates

ammonium nitrate fertilizer contaminates well water causing Chocolate Cyanosis

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16
Q

The risk for angina is increased upon exposure to which of the following chemicals?

  • carbon monoxide
  • nitrous oxide
  • sodium nitrite
  • amyl nitrite
A

carbon monoxide

in the brain, increases risk for Parkinson’s

17
Q

Chocolate cyanosis will be caused upon adequate dose exposure to which of the following?

  • amyl nitrite (anti-angina meds)
  • silver nitrate (used in photography)
  • nitrous oxide (dental anesthetic)
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

** caused by any Oxidizing agent

18
Q

Excessive intake of nitrates (present in well water) can result in a:

  • decrease in serum partial pressure of oxygen as measured by routine blood gas machines
  • decrease in reduced Hb available for oxygen transport
  • increase in serum partial pressure of oxygen as measured by routine blood gas machines
  • None of the above are correct
A

decrease in reduced Hb available for O2 transport

19
Q

The first indicator of methemoglobinemia is:

  • hyperthermia
  • seizures
  • coma
  • cyanosis
A

cyanosis

**decreases tissue O2 saturation causing hypoxia

20
Q

The dental anesthetic nitrous oxide, “laughing gas”, must be combined with adequate oxygen when used to perform dental procedures in order to prevent which of the following?

  • GI spasms
  • asthma
  • methemoglobinemia
  • hallucinations
A

methemoglobinemia

21
Q

Carbon monoxide does NOT cause which of the following?

  • coughing
  • hypoxia
  • headache
  • bright venous blood
A

coughing

**first signs are headache and confusion

22
Q

Highly soluble irritant gases pose the highest risk for adverse effects in patients with which of the following?

  • hepatic cirrhosis
  • asthma
  • hypertension
  • diarrhea
A

asthma

23
Q

The best confirmation of carbon monoxide poisoning is which of the following?

  • cyanotic arterial blood
  • cherry red venous blood
  • chocolate cyanosis
  • carboxyhemoglobin blood levels
A

carboxyhemoglobin blood levels

24
Q

Chocolate cyanosis is indicative of which of the following?

  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • methemoglobinemia
  • plubism
  • methanol poisoning
A

methemoglobinemia

25
Q

Which of the following categories of chemicals will cause coagulative necrosis upon contact with living tissue?

  • Strong Acid
  • Strong Base
  • Strong oxidizing agent
  • Strong reducing agent
A

strong acid = coagulative/precipitative

** strong base = liquidfactive/dissolution

26
Q

Methemoglobinemia is NOT characterized by which of the following?

  • It is the oxidized form of Hb
  • the patient appears cherry red
  • it is caused by exposure to oxidizing agents
  • it causes blue baby
A

the patient appears from cheery red

27
Q

allergic reaction to aspirin is caused by increased production of which of the following?

  • Prostaglandins
  • Prostacyclin
  • Thromboxane A2
  • Leukotrenes
A

Leukotrenes

28
Q

NSAIDs provide palliative relief by inhibiting which of the following enzymes?

  • Phospholipase A2
  • Cyclo-oxygenase
  • 5-Lipoxygenase
  • Prostaglandin synthase
A

Cyclo-oxygenase

29
Q

Acute overdose with aspirin can cause hyperthermia. This occurs because of which of the following

  • aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation
  • aspirin increases HCL secretion from gastric mucosa
  • aspiring increases pepsin secretion from gastric mucosa
A
  • aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation

Toxicology (2 decks)

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