Final Flashcards
The gas that has poor warning properties is which of the following?
- Hydrogen sulfide
- sulfer dioxide
- Ozone
- Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
no color or smell
Chronic use of steroidal anti-inflammatory meds will NOT cause which of the following effects?
- Cataracts
- Hypoglycemia
- GI Ulcers
- Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
causes HYPERgylcemia by keeping insulin in blood mimicking Diabetes Mellitus - also: mimics Cushung’s
catabolizes proteins = muscle wasting and difficulty healing
Suppresses pituitary ACTH secretion
Which of the following is the correct for carbon monoxide?
- It binds to Hb at the N-terminus
- It has the greatest binding affinity for adult Hb
- It competes with oxygen for binding sites in Hb
- It oxidizes Hb to form Methemoglobin
It competes with O2 from binding sites in Hb
- It has the greatest binding affinity for fetal Hb
- N-terminus is binding to an amino acid on the end like with strong acids
- Nitrogen oxide causes oxidized Hb = Methemoglobin
Which of the following are sources of carbon monoxide?
- cigarette smoke
- car exhaust
- gasoline generators
- all of the above
all of the above
Chronic use of SAIDs can cause GI ulcers because of the inhibition of which of the following enzymes?
- Phospholipase A2
- Phospholipase C
- Cyclo-oxygenase
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Phospholipase A2
- Phospholipase C = second messenger
- Cyclo-oxygenase = NASIDs
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase =
Carbon monoxide inhalation:
- will reduce the amount of Hb available to transport oxygen
- can be misdiagnosed as the flu
- can cause fetal damage
- A and B
- All are correct
all are correct
Chronic use of NSAIDs cause GI ulcers because of inhibition on which enzyme?
- Phospholipase A2
- Phospholipase C
- Cyclo-oxygenase
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Cyclo-oxygenase
Which of the following is the characteristic sequel upon dermal contact with a strong base as lye (sodium hydroxide)?
- progressive, penetrative damage
- superficial damage with escher formation
- systemic toxicity due to severe methemoglobinemia
- decreased oxygen transport due to hemolytic anemia
progressive, penetrative damage
- superficial = strong acid
- methemoglobinemia = nitrogen oxide
- hemolytic anemia = not systemic effects, only to local area of contact
The intensity of a systemic toxic effect is directly proportional to which of the following?
- exposed dose
- absorbed dose
- plasma protein binding
- target site concentration
absorbed dose
Delayed onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of which of the following chemical exposures?
- Drinking water with high arsenic contaminants
- ingestion of E. Coli contaminated food
- dermal contact with muriatic acid
- inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility
inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility
**anything with low water solubility will be hard to remove from the body
Methemoglobinemia is characterized by which of the following?
- Oxygen transport in blood is increased
- A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate brown
- it is caused by exposure to reducing chemicals
- it protects the individual against angina episodes
A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate brown – hence “chocolate cyanosis”
- decreases O2 transport
- caused by development deficiency of enzyme Methemoglobin reductase
- causes tissue hypoxia and if anything causes angina episodes
Most of the particulates that get deposited in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract are removed by which of the following?
- mucus
- ciliated epithelium
- muco-ciliary system
- alveolar macrophages
muco-ciliary system
Which of the following is monitored as the index of outdoor air quality?
- carbon monoxide
- nitrogen gases
- ozone
- particulates
ozone
Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which of the following forms of Hb?
- Major Adult Hb
- Minor Adult Hb
- Fetal Hb
- None are correct
fetal Hb
Well water in the midwest may cause methemoglobinemia-associated hypoxia, especially in infants, because of the presence of high concentrations of:
- DDT
- nitrites and nitrates
- benzene
- carbon tetrachloride
nitrites and nitrates
ammonium nitrate fertilizer contaminates well water causing Chocolate Cyanosis
The risk for angina is increased upon exposure to which of the following chemicals?
- carbon monoxide
- nitrous oxide
- sodium nitrite
- amyl nitrite
carbon monoxide
in the brain, increases risk for Parkinson’s
Chocolate cyanosis will be caused upon adequate dose exposure to which of the following?
- amyl nitrite (anti-angina meds)
- silver nitrate (used in photography)
- nitrous oxide (dental anesthetic)
- all of the above
all of the above
** caused by any Oxidizing agent
Excessive intake of nitrates (present in well water) can result in a:
- decrease in serum partial pressure of oxygen as measured by routine blood gas machines
- decrease in reduced Hb available for oxygen transport
- increase in serum partial pressure of oxygen as measured by routine blood gas machines
- None of the above are correct
decrease in reduced Hb available for O2 transport
The first indicator of methemoglobinemia is:
- hyperthermia
- seizures
- coma
- cyanosis
cyanosis
**decreases tissue O2 saturation causing hypoxia
The dental anesthetic nitrous oxide, “laughing gas”, must be combined with adequate oxygen when used to perform dental procedures in order to prevent which of the following?
- GI spasms
- asthma
- methemoglobinemia
- hallucinations
methemoglobinemia
Carbon monoxide does NOT cause which of the following?
- coughing
- hypoxia
- headache
- bright venous blood
coughing
**first signs are headache and confusion
Highly soluble irritant gases pose the highest risk for adverse effects in patients with which of the following?
- hepatic cirrhosis
- asthma
- hypertension
- diarrhea
asthma
The best confirmation of carbon monoxide poisoning is which of the following?
- cyanotic arterial blood
- cherry red venous blood
- chocolate cyanosis
- carboxyhemoglobin blood levels
carboxyhemoglobin blood levels
Chocolate cyanosis is indicative of which of the following?
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- methemoglobinemia
- plubism
- methanol poisoning
methemoglobinemia
Which of the following categories of chemicals will cause coagulative necrosis upon contact with living tissue?
- Strong Acid
- Strong Base
- Strong oxidizing agent
- Strong reducing agent
strong acid = coagulative/precipitative
** strong base = liquidfactive/dissolution
Methemoglobinemia is NOT characterized by which of the following?
- It is the oxidized form of Hb
- the patient appears cherry red
- it is caused by exposure to oxidizing agents
- it causes blue baby
the patient appears from cheery red
allergic reaction to aspirin is caused by increased production of which of the following?
- Prostaglandins
- Prostacyclin
- Thromboxane A2
- Leukotrenes
Leukotrenes
NSAIDs provide palliative relief by inhibiting which of the following enzymes?
- Phospholipase A2
- Cyclo-oxygenase
- 5-Lipoxygenase
- Prostaglandin synthase
Cyclo-oxygenase
Acute overdose with aspirin can cause hyperthermia. This occurs because of which of the following
- aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation
- aspirin increases HCL secretion from gastric mucosa
- aspiring increases pepsin secretion from gastric mucosa
- aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation
