final

Question 1

what type of donuts were sent to wisconsin cops? why?

Answer 1

coconut; a UW fan sent them after being kicked out of the game for trying to enter his unassigned area

Question 2

which airline lost the luggage and prosthetic leg of a boston marathon survivor?

Answer 2

american airlines

Question 3

which holiday gift is exploding and causing fires

Answer 3

the hover boards

Question 4

where did the planned parenthood shooting occur? how? why?

Answer 4

colorado springs, colorado 80995 (in canada write to, vancouver bc, box 9800, v6b 4g3); ‘baby warrior’ who killed 3 people in opposition to safe + legal abortion

Question 5

what city flooded twitter with cat pictures while police were searching for terrorists?

Answer 5

brussels, belgium

Question 6

what is the need for orientation theory?

Answer 6

-people with less information will be more prone to believe whatever they hear. -the less people know about a topic, the more they’re interested in finding out, the more influence the media have on their perception.

Question 7

when preparing a standby statement, why should you prepare for the worst?

Answer 7

because it is easier to scale back than it is to escalate

Question 8

how many bullet points should your standby statement include?

Answer 8

10-20

Question 9

when do you react to a rumor?

Answer 9

when it begins to affect the bottom line

Question 10

how do rumors arise?

Answer 10

they arise from uncertainty, absence of context and concrete information, and those affected understand its significance

Question 11

what are 2 factors that influence a rumor?

Answer 11

* its importance to the listener * its ambiguity (the less people know, the more powerful the rumor)

Question 12

what happens if TeleOrg responds to rumors of merger within the first 45 minutes? what can they expect from the media?

Answer 12

the organization has the most influence on a story’s outcome. at least 6 hours of negative coverage

Question 13

what happens if TeleOrg doesn’t respond to rumors of a merger for 3 days?

Answer 13

it can expect ~2 weeks or (21 days?) of negative coverage

Question 14

what happens if TeleOrg doesn’t appropriately respond to rumors of a merger for 2 weeks?

Answer 14

news cycle includes weekly and bimonthly magazines, industry trade and sunday morning talk shows.

Question 15

what is the end result of the priming?

Answer 15

to make certain aspects of an issue more prominent/influential and to guide people’s judgment of issues, people, and events

Question 16

according to the situational crisis communication theory, what are the 3 responsibilities it suggests during crisis?

Answer 16

1. initial crisis responsibility 2. crisis history responsibility (has the company had past similar experiences?)3. relational reputational responsibility (how well a company is perceived by stakeholders)

Question 17

according to the situational crisis communication theory, what will people do in the event of crisis?

Answer 17

they look to find causes, or make attribution for different events. responsibility is attributed and reaction, emotional

Question 18

what is the key to determining the most effective strategic crisis response?

Answer 18

understanding the crisis situation and the amount of reputational threat it poses

Question 19

TeleOrg is in some shit again. Rumors have been flying that one of the products produced by their subsidiary, PeachFuzz, Co., is responsible for leading to the deaths of 5 industrial workers. If TeleOrg chooses to say nothing, what is the likely outcome?

Answer 19

they are hoping that something else dominates the news. if the media is interested, TeleOrg and PeachFuzz are the top story for months and any clients have been taken over by competitors. likely to go before congress. this is the worst case scenario.

Question 20

TeleOrg is in some shit again. Rumors have been flying that one of the products produced by their subsidiary, PeachFuzz, Co., is responsible for leading to the deaths of 5 industrial workers. If TeleOrg chooses to release a little bit of information, what is the likely outcome?

Answer 20

if nothing else is released, then the media is going to start digging, searching for an employee who will talk. if documents appear that TeleOrg should or could have known that what it was doing was wrong, then the organization is going to see a class-action suit for millions, maybe billions. this is the 2nd worst case scenario.

Question 21

TeleOrg is in some shit again. Rumors have been flying that one of the products produced by their subsidiary, PeachFuzz, Co., is responsible for leading to the deaths of 5 industrial workers. If TeleOrg chooses to release all information, what is the likely outcome?

Answer 21

TeleOrg will take a PR and consumer confidence hit and will be in the news for days, maybe weeks. the company’s forthrightness may eventually draw praise and consumers could eventually regain trust in TeleOrg for its honesty. this is the best case scenario.

Question 22

what is the risk you take with crisis communications?

Answer 22

there is no scenario where an organization will walk away unscathed; there is no ‘no effect’ scenario. usually, you’re choosing between the lesser of all evils.

Question 23

why are rumors particularly challenging?

Answer 23

it’s hard to figure out where a rumor started, where it might end, and how it’s building momentum.

Question 24

according to doorley and garcia, the circulation of rumors is what?

Answer 24

a challenge facing almost every organization in a crisis.

Question 25

what happens when rumors hit the media? what theory does this support?

Answer 25

they are formalized and seen as accurate rendering of reality. this supports the need for orientation theory.

Question 26

according to doorley and garcia, what does controlling a rumor require?

Answer 26

it requires understanding the psychological and sociological factors that drive people to listen to, pass along, and believe rumors

Question 27

what is one of the defining elements of rumors, according to doorley and garcia? what processes do rumors change through?

Answer 27

they are not static, changing through the processes of leveling, sharpening, and assimilation.

Question 28

what happens as a rumor travels?

Answer 28

it grows shorter, more concise, and more easily told. more and more original details are leveled out fewer words are used and fewer items are mentioned.

Question 29

what does the sharpening of a rumor refer to?

Answer 29

the selective perception, retention, and reporting of a few details from the originally larger context

Question 30

what does the assimilation of a rumor refer to?

Answer 30

when the habits, interests, and sentiments existing in the reader’s mind affects a rumor

Question 31

according to doorley and garcia, how do some people see the retelling of a rumor?

Answer 31

as a status-enhancing activity; the importance of the teller is magnified

Question 32

why is it counterproductive for management teams to ignore the rumor mill in the event of a crisis and its effects (4) on the stakeholders?

Answer 32

can result in reduced demand for products, decline in stock, neg. media coverage, and increased regulatory scrutiny

Question 33

why is it counterproductive for management teams to ignore the rumor mill in the event of a crisis and its effects (3) on employees?

Answer 33

can result in significant distraction, reduced productivity, and the transmission of even more damaging rumors.

Question 34

how can one control a rumor if it’s true, according to doorley and garcia?

Answer 34

diminish the importance assigned to the rumor

Question 35

how can one control a rumor if it’s false, according to doorley and garcia?

Answer 35

eliminate the ambiguity around the factual basis of the rumor.

Question 36

according to dilenschneider, what are the two breeding grounds for rumor?

Answer 36

lack of information and perceived evasiveness

Question 37

what must a crisis response plan include?

Answer 37

the message to be communicated

Question 38

is the media your friend or foe?

Answer 38

media aren’t your friends, but they aren’t your enemies either

Question 39

which tylenol product was affected? what poison was used?

Answer 39

extra strength tylenol; potassium cyanide

Question 40

what were the 2 actions that johnson & johnson took that were rare?

Answer 40

it investigated itself and found wrongdoing; and it was proactive in investigation itself and surpassing regulatory efforts (took own product off shelves and took own non mandatory measures to protect consumers)

Question 41

who was responsible for lacing tylenol products?

Answer 41

no one was ever indicted

Question 42

what strategies are best in times of crises? which strategies should be avoided?

Answer 42

proactive and reactive strategies; avoid defensive ones

Question 43

what does it mean to ‘flood the zone?’ what does it accomplish?

Answer 43

flooding the zone means providing detailed information and analysis that serve to address questions and concerns before they’re raised; it is a strategy to prevent rumors.

Question 44

according to dilenschneider, how does an organization maintain message control in a crisis?

Answer 44

by gathering and releasing the facts as quickly and completely as possible

Question 45

how many cars has toyota recalled since 2010?

Answer 45

6.5 million

Question 46

what was the greatest cause for resurgence of the confederate flag?

Answer 46

desegregation

Question 47

how did volkswagen take corrective action and mortify themselves?

Answer 47

1. set aside 7.2 bil or 6.5 in euros; apologized, recalled 488,000 cars

Question 48

what vehicles did volkswagen recall?

Answer 48

4 cylinder VWs and 4 cycle autos

Question 49

what restoration strategies did volkswagen employ?

Answer 49

mortification, corrective action, compensation

Question 50

what percent of stock prices did VW lose in one day?

Answer 50

17%

Question 51

what is agenda setting?

Answer 51

the more the media covers a topic, the more likely you are going to know about it

Question 52

according to agenda setting, what is the importance of an issue related to?

Answer 52

the amount of coverage given to it

Question 53

two issues are populating discourse in america news channels. one is about the recent escape of puppies from a local pound who have been running into homes and cheering up people’s spirits. the other is about a terrorist attack in france. if the news is repeatedly reporting on the terrorist attack, according to the agenda setting theory, which are you going to find more important? why?

Answer 53

the terrorist attack BECAUSE it was given more coverage, making it seem more important

Question 54

what is the framing theory?

Answer 54

subtle differences in how the media report a topic can influence who people believe is responsible for social consequences

Question 55

what cues impact the salience of stories according to framing theory?

Answer 55

racial cues in stories make race more salient int he minds of audiences

Question 56

what is thematic framing?

Answer 56

puts an issue into context explaining the factors that lead to an event occurring

Question 57

what is episodic framing?

Answer 57

one shot isolated event coverage; simply covers an event without context as an isolated phenomenon

Question 58

how do the results thematic framing differ from episodic?

Answer 58

thematic framing makes people believe that society and extraneous factors are to blame for an issue and that an external factor can be found while episodic results in people believing that the individual is responsible for a problem and can bring about a solution

Question 59

which frame are most low-income individuals and poc covered positioned in?

Answer 59

episodic

Question 60

if serai alabidi stole a hundred dollars from her local convenience store and the news presented her as a struggling single mother who was in need of the money, what framing technique is being used?

Answer 60

thematic

Question 61

if serai alabidi stole a hundred dollars from her local convenience store and the news focused on the crime in a low-income, poc-dominated area, what framing technique is being used?

Answer 61

episodic

Question 62

when dealing with an angry crowd, what is your task as a crisis communicator? what is your goal? why?

Answer 62

answer their questions; respond not react; reactionary people create headlines

Question 63

what should you go into every press conference with? what should it include? what should you do if you’re in the wrong?

Answer 63

a plan with 5-6 bullet points that you want to communicate that address the worst case scenario; apologize immediately and continually

Question 64

how do you prepare to deal with angry people in a crisis?

Answer 64

1. find out what your client wants to communicate2. let your client know that lying is NOT an option3. limit the topic to the issue being discussed as best as possible

Question 65

what is the only exception to a lying client?

Answer 65

if the crisis is government-related; you don’t want to jeaporidize people’s lives

Question 66

what does spreading activation trigger?

Answer 66

related thoughts, emotions, reactions, and behaviors

Question 67

what does spreading activation assert about the activation of angry thoughts?

Answer 67

the strength and ability for these angry thoughts to be activated increases with reputation; that is. the more frequently ticked off, the easier it is and the less time it takes for you to be ticked off in the future

Question 68

what does the spreading activation theory assert about anger + priming?

Answer 68

that people who are primed with violent images and activities are more likely to have aggressive thoughts and behaviors

Question 69

according to the spreading activation theory, what does watching violence lead to?

Answer 69

it leads to a priming of negative cognitive associations for viewers

Question 70

what gender group tends to have more violent responses to priming?

Answer 70

men

Question 71

according to the berkowitz readings, what does the media provide irt priming? what does that actually mean?

Answer 71

conditioned responses to semantically related stimuli; the media provide direction to people on how they should act when placed in a similar situation to characters on TV

Question 72

according to the berkowitz readings, what do aggressive ideas in violent media prime? what does this heighten?

Answer 72

other semantically related thoughts, heightening the chances that viewers will have other aggressive ideas

Question 73

how are heavy media users impacted by violent media?

Answer 73

they rehearse these scenes in their head, influencing how they think about the world and the people therein

Question 74

what is asserted by the hypodermic needle theory? what theory is it equal to?

Answer 74

that media messages affect all people equally and they have a powerful influence on your perception; magic bullet theory

Question 75

what does crisis decision theory predict? when is activated?

Answer 75

the actions people take (or choose not to take) in response to negative life or business events AFTER the crisis has occurred

Question 76

what does the crisis decision theory address? what doesn’t it address?

Answer 76

responses to negative events that have already occurred; proactive attempts to prevent the occurrences of negative events

Question 77

what is the first step of cdt characterized by? what do people consider during this stage?

Answer 77

people seeking information in an attempt to understand the threat they face; past experiences, causes, and consequences to develop an understand of how to address the negative event

Question 78

what sort of crises seem more severe, according to cdt?

Answer 78

crises that are likely to result in negative consequences

Question 79

what sort of crises seem MOST severe, according to cdt?

Answer 79

events that have the potential to bring relatively serious consequences, especially in the court of public opinion

Question 80

which events do people perceive having more severe consequences, according to cdt?

Answer 80

events that are highly self-relevant

Question 81

according to cdt, what causes greater impact?

Answer 81

the more people potentially affected

Question 82

according to cdt, what happens after people assess the severity of a negative event?

Answer 82

they consider how they could respond to the event; ‘what can i do about this problem’

Question 83

according to cdt, how are people likely to respond if negative outcomes are avoidable?

Answer 83

people are likely to consider action response actions

Question 84

according to cdt, how are people likely to respond if negative outcomes are unavoidable?

Answer 84

people are likely to consider relatively passive response options

Question 85

what are the 3 considerations cdt recommend one take into outcome for evaluation response outcomes?

Answer 85

1. required resources to engage in response options
2. direct consequences of the response in changing the event
3. indirect consequences of response

Question 86

what is crisis decision theory similar to?

Answer 86

coping theories, esp. the transactional model of stress and coping and the self–regulation model of illness

Question 87

what two factors limit the response options people consider? what stage of the cdt does this characterize?

Answer 87

controllability of outcomes and the feasibility of responses; second

Question 88

what is the third stage of the cdt characterized by?

Answer 88

a consideration of the pros and cons of each generated response option before considering other response options

Question 89

what is the need for orientation theory?

Answer 89

people with less information will be more prone to believe whatever they hear

Question 90

CRS (COR)

Answer 90

• conservation-of-resources stress model
• asserts that stress is related
  
  • loss of resources
  • threat of resource loss
  • when resources are invested without gain or return

Question 91

recreancy

Answer 91

• the failure of leaders (specialized orgs, experts, etc) to responsibly perform the tasks they were entursted with
• a loss of institutional trust due to neglect or irresponsibility

Question 92

vulnerability

Answer 92

• a dynamic, multidimensional process that is affected by your degree of exposure to stressors (e.g. social class, location, demographic)

Question 93

risk perception

Answer 93

Perceptions of increased, uncontrolled risk contribute to chronic uncertainty, pose threats to ontological security, and add to anxiety and psychological stress

or in other words

when an organization fails to perform its tasks responsibly (related to recreancy), affected populations experience greater resource vulnerability–threatening livelihood– and chronic uncertainty, contributing to anxiety and psychological stress.

Question 94

perceived exposure to toxins; which of gill’s theories does this tie into? how?

Answer 94

higher levels of exposure to toxins including perceived exposure contributes to increased levels of stress; vulnerability; exposure to environmental stressor that threatens resources

Question 95

what was the main cause of the valuejet flight 592 crash?

Answer 95

• the plane was holding oxygen, resulting in its ignition and a fire in the main cabin
• this resulted in an electrical disturbance and ultimately complete electrical failure

Question 96

why is the public perception of target greater than walmart? (3)

Answer 96

• size isn’t everything; reputation is
• target prides itself on being a good corporate citizen
  
  • wed to beliefs, can’t admit wrongdoing
• walmart doesn’t handle crises well, if at all

Question 97

for malaysian airlines flight 370, which part was found on an island a year later?

Answer 97

Debris of a flap/part of a wing

Question 98

what was the most likely explanation for the disappearance for malaysian airlines flight 370?

Answer 98

a. Two main systems on the 777 went out the same way but the backup systems should’ve kicked in so the plane (flight) failure was unlikely to happen.
b. Human involvement had to have taken place- 1st captain (who commands the plane) can tell a co-pilot to go back in the main area of the plane for any reason= 1st captain might have hijacked his/her own plane.

Question 99

what is the 4-stage pattern of stage analysis, as determined by fishmann?

Answer 99

• prodromal phase
• acute crisis phase
• chronic crisis phase
• crisis resolution phase

Question 100

prodromal (prelim) phase

Answer 100

A crisis looms on the horizon, and has the latent potential to become a serious problem. This stage continues until the crisis happens in reality. Managers should detect warning signs and ask pertinent what-if questions to assess the situation critically. “The water is boiling.”

Question 101

acute crisis phase

Answer 101

The stage you think of being particularly characteristic of a crisis: high-intensity, high-speed unfolding of events in an unpredictable way. The shortest stage often, but the most tolling. “The water has boiled over.” Media involvement (almost for sure).

Question 102

chronic crisis phase

Answer 102

“The long clean-up.” The longest stage in actuality by most cases, this is the stage where it’s attempted to correct, mitigate, or subdue a crisis. It requires the greatest resources. Analysis and opportunity to learn for the future. Government involvement potential.

Question 103

crisis resolution phase

Answer 103

“Looking forward.” Your crisis team turns their attention to the future horizon again and returns to the Prodromal/Preliminary Stage. Hopefully you have learned something about detecting or preventing potential crises.

Question 104

reverse

A crisis looms on the horizon, and has the latent potential to become a serious problem. This stage continues until the crisis happens in reality. Managers should detect warning signs and ask pertinent what-if questions to assess the situation critically. “The water is boiling.”

Answer 104

prodromal (prelim) phase

Question 105

reverse

The stage you think of being particularly characteristic of a crisis: high-intensity, high-speed unfolding of events in an unpredictable way. The shortest stage often, but the most tolling. “The water has boiled over.” Media involvement (almost for sure).

Answer 105

acute crisis phase

Question 106

reverse

“The long clean-up.” The longest stage in actuality by most cases, this is the stage where it’s attempted to correct, mitigate, or subdue a crisis. It requires the greatest resources. Analysis and opportunity to learn for the future. Government involvement potential.

Answer 106

chronic crisis phase

Question 107

reverse

“Looking forward.” Your crisis team turns their attention to the future horizon again and returns to the Prodromal/Preliminary Stage. Hopefully you have learned something about detecting or preventing potential crises.

Answer 107

crisis resolution phase

Question 108

what was the cause of the firestone tire faillure? vehicles affected?

Answer 108

1. Tire treads rip apart at highway speeds
2. radial plies- cords embedded in the rubber to hold the shape of the tire-failed
3. once one goes, almost no way to control car

ford explrer 91-00

Question 109

what are the similarities between the firestone crisis and the ford crisis in 1978?

Answer 109

• steel radial tires resulting in tread separation at highway speeds
• ~250 people killed
• 6.5 and 7 million tire recall
• manufactured at decatur, il plant

Question 110

oil spill disasters demonstrate which type of vulnerability?

Answer 110

dependence on environmental resources, physical location

Question 111

what is the role of the communications professional?

Answer 111

to calm the public

Question 112

what are the 3 aspects of the black criminal stereotype?

Answer 112

1. black suspects are more likely than similarly charged white suspects to be guilty
2. black suspects deserve stiffer punishments up to and including the death penalty
3. this stereotype can be activated by a short exposure to black people in handcuffs

Question 113

reverse

• conservation-of-resources stress model
• asserts that stress is related
  
  • loss of resources
  • threat of resource loss
  • when resources are invested without gain or return

Answer 113

CRS (COR)

Question 114

reverse

• the failure of leaders (specialized orgs, experts, etc) to responsibly perform the tasks they were entursted with
• a loss of institutional trust due to neglect or irresponsibility

Answer 114

recreancy

Question 115

reverse

• a dynamic, multidimensional process that is affected by your degree of exposure to stressors (e.g. social class, location, demographic)

Answer 115

vulnerability

Question 116

gatekeepers; makeup of team, knowledge

Answer 116

• the person/people who determine what does and does not go out
  
  • legal should always be on this team
  • senior management should always be on this team
• everyone should know what’s being said before it is said

Question 117

headquarters; characteristics

Answer 117

• where all the key players are located, ESPECIALLY the spokesperson
• single contact point for media information

Question 118

condition for spillover within a profession

Answer 118

• in regards to the airlines, compromised the public’s perception of airline safety, resulting in corporate takeovers, buyouts, a shrinking industry

Question 119

what is the influence of social media on perception?

Answer 119

• perception IS reality
  
  • need for orientation; the less people know about a topic, the more interested they are in learning about it, increasing vulnerability to incorrect information

Question 120

what should management be on board with in time of crisis? how many bullet points? (3 on what they include)

Answer 120

• one consistent mesage
• no more than ten
  
  • admit to what you can that’s wrong
  • discuss how the problem is being fixed
  • provide a timetable

Question 121

during a crisis, how frequently should you post on twitter?

Answer 121

2 times per day

Question 122

what percent of oil cleanup did alaska achieve following the exxon spill?

Answer 122

7%

Question 123

what are the differences in cleanup methods from exxon-valdez and the bp oil spill (deepwater)?

Answer 123

• exxon (prince william sound)
  
  • 6k gallons dispersant
  • spray method for beaches
• bp (gulf of mexico)
  
  • 2 million gallons dispersant
  • scrape and filter method for beaches

Question 124

why were hoses a bad idea for the oil spill?

Answer 124

• ended up killing natural bacteria and microbes that would have helped break it down naturally

Question 125

methods for cleaning up exxon spill in alaska

Answer 125

• chemical dispersants
• booms and skimmers
• fired (in situ burning)
• hot, high pressure water
• paper towels

Question 126

what is true and not true about racism in america (3)

Answer 126

• protecting white people’s feelings
• how ubiquitous race and racism is
• how ridiculous it is to deny it exists today