Final

Question 1

The “Great Experiment in Social Control”

Answer 1

Prison population rates 1980-2008. Policy factors have greatest impact on prison population rates

Question 2

Medical Model

Answer 2

(1930-1960) - Diagnosis and Treatment in prison. Correctional institutions/ Correctional officers

Question 3

Community Model

Answer 3

(1960-1970) – Incarceration is not conducive to rehabilitation. Promote alternatives to incarceration/ reintegration

Question 4

Crime Control Model

Answer 4

(1970-Present) - Longer sentences for habitual/violent offenders

Question 5

Penitentiary era

Answer 5

1790s-1860s Institutions intended to isolate offenders. Primary goal of punishment is reformation. Desire to change the “mindset” of the offender. Determinate sentences based on the nature of offense

Question 6

Pennsylvania Model

Answer 6

Separate confinement
All activities took place in individual cells
Solitary confinement is economical and limits corruption
Religious reflection and penance
Primary goal = change offender’s moral being

Question 7

Auburn Model

Answer 7

Congregate system
Day: Inmates work together in absolute silence
Evening: Inmates in solitary confinement
Strict discipline necessary for social control
Focus: work ethic and prevent recidivism through deterrence.

Question 8

Classical school

Answer 8

punishment should be offense focused. Deterrence: sanctions be swift, certain and severe

Question 9

General deterrence

Answer 9

When others refrain from crime because they witness another’s punishment & fear similar fate (society)

Question 10

Specific deterrence

Answer 10

Punishment reduces likelihood of recidivism (individual)

Question 11

Retribution

Answer 11

Deserved punishment; debt to society

Question 12

Rehabilitation

Answer 12

Planned correctional intervention that targets for change internal and or social criminogenic factors with the goal of reducing recidivism

Question 13

Restorative justice

Answer 13

Crime causes harm to victim, community and offender. Mediation and blank slate

Question 14

Indeterminate sentencing

Answer 14

Incarceration with a min and max sentence length; parole eligibility tied to rehabilitation

Question 15

Determinate sentencing

Answer 15

Fixed period of incarceration; focus on retribution and deterrence; limit judicial discretion

Question 16

Probation

Answer 16

Offender serves punishment in community under supervision of PO. Most frequently applied punishment

Question 17

Mempa v Rhay

Answer 17

Righ to counsel at probation revocation hearing

Question 18

Gagnon v Scarpelli

Answer 18

Procedural safeguards for probationers in revocation hearings

Question 19

Griffin v Wisconsin

Answer 19

May search without a warrant or probable cause

Question 20

Ruffin v Commonwealth

Answer 20

Prisoners do not have rights. Separation of power and non-interference with administration of prisons

Question 21

Cooper v Pate

Answer 21

ended “hands off” policy- inmates may sue in federal courts

Question 22

Roper v Simmons

Answer 22

Juveniles under age 18 at time of offense not eligible for death penalty

Question 23

Furman v Georgia

Answer 23

1972 death penalty as administered is cruel and unusual punishment

Question 24

Gregg v Georgia

Answer 24

1976 court reaffirmed death penalty. considers aggravating and mitigating conditions

Question 25

Atkins v Virginia

Answer 25

2002 Unconstitutional to execute defendants with mental retardation

Question 26

Revocation process

Answer 26

Formal notice of violation: warrant for arrest
Custody decision: risk or threat to others/self
Preliminary hearing: evidenced of violation
Outcome: decision by parole board

Question 27

Revocation Process

Answer 27

Stage 1: preliminary hearing
Stage 2: revocation hearing
Stage 3: sentencing hearing (judge)

Question 28

Pre sentence Investigation Reports

Answer 28

Conducted by a probation officer and its purpose is to aid the court in determining a proper sentence. Conducted before the hearing, has personal and criminal history report, victim impact statement

Question 29

Average time from sentencing to execution

Answer 29

15 years

Question 30

Brutalization Effect

Answer 30

Research indicated homicide increase post execution

Question 31

Comparative Research

Answer 31

States with death penalty have higher homicide rates