Final Flashcards
C7 can be used to help locate T1
True
Spine of the scapula
T3
Inferior angle of the scapula
Spinous process of T7 and transverse process of T8
Thoracic spine ROM
Rotation= 90 Sidebending= 40
True, false ribs
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
Rib motions
Rib 1: 50/50
Rib 2: pump
Middle (3-6): Mixed pump/bucket
Lower ribs (7-10): Primarily bucket
Floating (11,12): Caliper
*restriction of motion influenced by quadratus lumborum
Inhalation rib dysfunction
If one rib stops moving before the other rib during EXHALATION, that rib has an EXPIRATORY RESTRICTION, therefore an INHALATION DYSFUNCTION. The most inferior rib is the key rib to target treatment
Exhalation rib dysfunction
If one rib stops moving before the other rib during INHALATION, that rib has an INSPIRATORY RESTRICTION, therefore an EXHALATION DYSFUNCTION. The most superior rib is the key rib to target treatment
Tendon reflexes
Biceps: C5
Brachioradialis: (tap tendon at distal radius) C6
Triceps: 9tap where it crosses olecranon fossa) C7
Documenting DTRs
0= no response
1+= slight response, may or may not be normal
2+=brisk response, normal
3+=very brisk response, may or may not be normal
4+=repeating reflex (conus), always abnormal
Spurlings Maneuver
- Compression of head in neutral
- Compression of head in extension
- Sidebend away from affected side and then toward affected side and add compression
+ test=pain down arm in distribution of the nerve root indicating nerve root compression
Different OS types for vertebrae
OA=Modified type 1
AA: rotation only
C2-C7: modified type 2
Motor exam
L4: ankle dorsiflection
S1: ankle plantarflexion
L5: great toe dorsiflexion
Hip Drop test
If hip on unsupported side drops 25°, it’s NEGATIVE (normal) test
If it does NOT drop 25°, it’s POSITIVE
Ex. right iliac crest drops 10°= +R hip drop test….problem with left side bending
Ulnar movement and Carrying Angle
Ulnar aBduction → increased CA
Ulnar aDduction → decreased CA
Strength Testing
5= normal
3=Move against gravity w/ no resistance
2=No gravity
1=Trace of movement
Ulnar aBduction
Ulnar aBduction (valgus testing) coupled with wrist aDduction (ulnar deviation)
Ulnar aDduction (varus testing)
*Reference point is DISTAL ULNA
Radial head glides
Anterior glide coupled with Supination
Posterior glide…Pronation (P with P)
Wrist ROM
aBduction 20-30
aDduction 30-40
Extension 70
Flexion 80-90
Wrist flexion coupled with _________
Dorsal/posterior carpal glide
Wrist extension..coupled with ventral/anterior carpal glide
Wrist extensors/flexors and where they attach
Wrist extensors: lateral epicondyle
Wrist flexors: medial epicondyle
Ulnar n.
Between medial epicondyle and olecranon (funny bone)
Carrying angle disorders
Cubitus Varus: less than 5° (Gunstock)
Cubitus Valgus: more than 15°
Elbow ROM
Flexion: 150
Extension: 0- -5
Radial head posterior somatic dysfunction
FOOSH (Fall on outstretched hand), arm pronation—posterior radial head somatic dysfunction
Radial head anterior somatic dysfunction: fall back on outstretched arm (supination)….anterior radial head somatic dysfunction
Wrist aBduction (radial deviation) results in ulnar aDduction
True
Wrist aDduction (ulnar deviation) results in ulnar aBduction
Louisa Burns
Spinal fixations and noted effects on brain, heart, GI, reproductive organs ets (S-V reflexes)
V-S reflexes
JS Denslow
Muscle reflex, autonomic changes in areas of somatic dysfunction- “osteopathic lesion”
“Reflex Activity in spinal extensors”
Standard Terminology Proponent
Facilitation of spinal cord
IM Korr
Galvanic (electrical) skin resistance
Axoplasmic flow and trophic function of nerves
Sympatheticotonia
Promoted entire DO
2nd great philosopher of Osteopathic medicine
Will Johnston
Reliability studies
Validity studies
What do scalene muscles do in breathing?
Contraction elevates ribs 1 and 2. Important for inhalation
Typical ribs vs Atypical ribs
Typical ribs: 3-9
Atypical: 1,2,10-12