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Small Animal Surgery > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Nephrolithotomy: Procedure

A

sagittal incision on renal midline, flush renal Pelvis, catetherize

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2
Q

Pyelolithotomy: Procedure

A

longitudinal incision into renal pelvis

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3
Q

Nephroureterectomy: Indications

A

severe renal insult, obstructive hydronephrosis

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4
Q

Renal Biopsy: Indications

A

suspected neoplasia, nephrotic syndrome, renal cortex dz, ARF

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5
Q

T/F: When taking a Renal Biopsy you want to take some of the medulla as well.

A

False

You don’t want to take any of the medulla

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6
Q

Ectopic Ureter: Classifications

A

Extramural - enters into abnormal location

Intramural - enters normally, but exits abnormally

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7
Q

Ectopic Ureter: Tx

A

neoureterocystostomy, laser transection

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8
Q

Ureterocele: Definition

A

dilation of distal ureter

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9
Q

Uterocele: Dx

A

IV urography, U/S

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10
Q

Ureterocele: Tx

A

ureterocelectomy +/- neoureterocystostomy

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11
Q

Ureteral Trauma: Tx

A

nephroureterectomy, ureteroureterostomy, neoureterocystostomy, urinary diversion

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12
Q

Loss of Ureter Length: Tx

A

renal descensus, nephrocystopexy, psoas hitch, bladder wall flap

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13
Q

Persistant Urachus: Signs

A

urine dribbling from umbilicus, urine scald on ventrum

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14
Q

Vesicouracheal Diverticulum: Definition

A

external opening is closed, but bladder attachment is still patent

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15
Q

Bladder Rupture: Signs

A

hematuria, anuria, dehydration, hyperkalemia

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16
Q

Bladder Rupture: Tx

A

close rupture, catheterize/tube -> keep bladder empty

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17
Q

Cystotomy: Closure Pattern

A

simple continuous followed by cushing

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18
Q

Hypospadias: Definition

A

urethra orifice occurs proximal to normal

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19
Q

Urethral Prolapse: Tx

A

resection + anastomosis +/- urethropexy

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20
Q

Urethrostomy Sites: Dog

A

scrotal, prescrotal, antepubic, perineal

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21
Q

Urethrostomy Sites: cat

A

perineal, antepubic

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22
Q

Urethreal Trauma: Signs

A

hematureia, stranguria, azotemia

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23
Q

Mesial: Dentistry Definition

A

surface toward the midline of the dental arch (rostral)

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24
Q

Distal: Dentistry Definition

A

surface away from the midline (caudal)

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25
Q

Proximal: Dentistry Definition

A

surface in contact with another tooth

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26
Q

Diastema: Dentistry Definition

A

space between teeth

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27
Q

Occlusal: Dentistry Definition

A

chewing surface

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28
Q

Apical: Dentistry Definition

A

toward the root

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29
Q

Coronal: Dentistry Definition

A

toward the crown

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30
Q

T/F: The older the tooth, the wider the pulp.

A

False

the older the tooth the narrower the pulp

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31
Q

Dental Formula: Dog

A

I 3/3
C 1/1
P 4/4
M 2/3

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32
Q

Dental Formula: Cat

A

I 3/3
C 1/1
P 2/3
M 1/1

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33
Q

Tooth ID: Anatomical System

A

number is placed where the tooth is (the letter is the middle of the mouth)

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34
Q

Tooth ID: Triadan System

A 
1 = maxilla right
2 = maxilla left
3 = mandible left
4 = mandible right
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35
Q

What are the teeth to remember to quickly count teeth with the Triadan System in the Dog?

A

Canine - 04

1st molor - 09

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36
Q

Malocclusion: Classes

A

1 - cross bite
2 - Mandibular Brachygnathism (parrot mouth)
3 - Mandibular Prognathism (under bite)

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37
Q

Malocclusion: Tx

A

orthodintics, removal

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38
Q

Enamel Hypoplasia: Etiologies

A

high fever, distemper

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39
Q

Enamel Hypoplasia: Tx

A

fill/cap defect

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40
Q

Attrition: Pathophysiology

A

pathologic wearing from malocclusion

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41
Q

Attrition: Tx

A

orhodontics, crown reduction, extraction

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42
Q

Abrasion: Etiology

A

abnormal contact of crown w/ foreign object

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43
Q

Abrasion: Tx

A

remove object, monitor for pulp exposure

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44
Q

Dental Caries: Appearance

A

brownish defect in tooth

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45
Q

Dental Caries (cavities): Tx

A

pulp capping, root cnal, extraction

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46
Q

Periapical Infection: Signs

A

nasal dz, maxillary/mandibular abscesses, pathologic fractures, draining tract

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47
Q

Which teeth can result in Retrobulbar Dz?

A

maxillary M1/2

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48
Q

Gingival Hyperplasia: Etiology

A

periodontal dz, drugs

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49
Q

Gingival Hyperplasia: Tx

A

remove affected tissue

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50
Q

Pulpitis: Appearance

A

red/purple tint of tooth

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51
Q

Pulpitis: Tx

A

monitor, root canal, extraction

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52
Q

Endodontic Dz: Appearance

A

dec. wall size, lucency around apex, apical resorption

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53
Q

Tooth Fracture: Classification

A

enamel infraction - cracks in the enamel
Enamel Fracture - loss of enamel
Uncomplicated Crown - cross sectional loss w/o pulp exposure
Complicated Crown - cross sectional loss w/ pulp exposure

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54
Q

T/F: Vital Pulpotomy is not performed in older animals (>2yrs).

A

True

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55
Q

T/F: When performing a Root Canal, you want a straight line access.

A

True

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56
Q

Tooth Luxation: Definition

A

partial dislocation from alveolus

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57
Q

Tooth Avulsion: Definition

A

complete dislocation from alveolus

58
Q

When is tooth luxation/avulsion an emergency?

A

when you want to save the tooth

59
Q

Tooth Resorption: Stage Appearances

A

Stage 1 - mild enamel/cementum loss
Stage 2 - moderate hard tissue and dentin loss
Stage 3 - deep hard tissue and dentin loss
Stage 4 - extensive hard tissue loss, pulp exposed
Stage 5 - remnants of tooth left

60
Q

Tooth Resorption: Radiographic Appeanance

A

(multi)focal radiolucency
Type 1 - periodontal ligaments intact, peridontitis
Type 2 - periodontal ligament breakdown w/ tooth resorption
Type 3 - periodontal ligament breakdown w/ perodontitis

61
Q

Tooth Resorption: Tx

A

extraction

62
Q

Gingivostomatitis: Signs

A

ptyalism, halitosis, dysphagia, anorexia, wt loss

63
Q

Gingivostomatitis: Dx

A

histo

64
Q

Gingivostomatitis: Tx

A

extraction

65
Q

Juvenile-Onset Periodontitis: Signs

A

sever gingivitis, periodontal dz

66
Q

Juvenile-Onset Peiodontitis: Tx

A

prophylaxis, out grow, extractions

67
Q

Glossectomy: Indications

A

trauma, neoplasia, macroglosia

68
Q

Periodontal Dz: Etiolgy

A

acquired pellicle (slaivary proteins) -> plaque (bact., debris, cells) -> calculus (mineralized plaque)

69
Q

Periodontal Dz: Stage I Appearance

A

I - gingevitis, normal sulcus depth

70
Q

Periodontal Dz: Stage II Appearance

A

II - gingivitis, poss. hyperplastic gingiva + bone loss

71
Q

Periodontal Dz: Stage III Appearance

A

III - gingival hyperplasia +/ recession, mod-deep pocket formation, 25-50% bone loss, mobility

72
Q

Periodontal Dz: Stage IV Appearance

A

IV - gingival recession, deep pockets, furcation exposure, >50% bone loss, mobility

73
Q

Periodontal Dz: Tx

A

clean teeth

74
Q

Scaler: Types

A

sonic, piezoceramic, magnetostrictive metal stack, magnetostrictive ferrite rod

75
Q

T/F: Using air from the 3 way syringe can detect calculus.

A

True

Calculus appears chalky white

76
Q

Furcation Exposure: Classes

A

0 - normal
1 - probe can enter less than 1mm (soft tissue loss)
2 - probe can enter >1mm (bone loss)
3 - probe can pass all the way through

77
Q

Dental Radiographs: “SLOB Rule”

A

the root that moves in the Same direction is Lingual

the root that moves in the Opposite direction is Buccal

78
Q

Why are Pre-Extraction radiographs taken?

A

to asses teeth involved, id potential complications

79
Q

Why are Post-Extraction radiographs taken?

A

to ensure there are no retained roots

80
Q

Non-Surgical Extraction: Procedure

A

sever epithelial attachment, elevate tooth until luxation

81
Q

Surgical Extraction: Indications

A

difficult/long elevation, impaction, complicated extractions

82
Q

Surgical Extraction: Procedure

A

create buccal flap, expose furcation, section multi-rooted teeth, elevate until luxation, suture close

83
Q

T/F: It is acceptable to have some tension when suturing gingiva.

A

false

There should be NO tension when suturing gingiva.

84
Q

Oronasal Fistula: Repair Methods

A

single flap, 2 layer (double flap), appliances

85
Q

How do you prevent lower lip avulsion repair failure?

A

place interdental stent sutures

86
Q

Tight Lip Syndrome: Appearance

A

lower lip covers incisors

87
Q

Nasal Fold Dermatitis: Sx Repair

A

resect nasal folds

88
Q

Lip Reconstruction: Methods

A

direct apposition, labial advancement flap, labial rotation flap

89
Q

Salivary Glands: Canine

A

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic

90
Q

Salivary Glands: Cat

A

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic, molar

91
Q

Salivary Mucocele: Pathophysiology

A

SQ accumulation of saliva => soft, non-painful swelling

92
Q

Salivary Mucocele: Dx

A

FNA + cytology

93
Q

Salivary Mucocele: Tx

A

sx removal of salivary gland

94
Q

Oral Melanoma: Tx

A

sx, radiation, vx

95
Q

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Tx

A

sx, radiation, piroxicam

96
Q

Oral Fibrosarcoma: Tx

A

wide margin resection, radiation

97
Q

Acantomatous Ameloblastoma: Origin

A

remnants of periodontal ligament epithelium

98
Q

Central Ameloblastoma: Origin

A

dental laminar epithelium

99
Q

Undifferentiated Malignant Oral Tumor: Signs

A

external swelling, loose teeth, pain, retro-orbital displacement

100
Q

Mandibulectomy/Maxillectomy: Types

A

uni-/bi-lateral rostral, central, total/hemi-, caudal, 3/4

101
Q

Aural Hematoma: Non-sx Management

A

aspiration +/- local dexamethasone/methyl pred

102
Q

Aural Hematoma: Sx Management

A

drain tube, incisional drainage, practivet system

103
Q

Actinic Keratosis: Etiology

A

sun exposure of pale skin => crusting plaques

104
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection: Indications

A

reversible skin changes, lateral wall tumors

105
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection: Outcomes

A

improves ventilation, dec. moisture

106
Q

Vertical Ear Canal Resection: Indications

A

hyperplastic Otitis, vertical ear canal neoplasia

107
Q

Total Ear Canal Ablation: Indications

A

ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, extensive otitis, failed resection, middle ear dz

108
Q

Middle Ear Otitis: Sx Management

A

ventral/lateral bulla osteotomy

109
Q

Middle Ear Polyps: Tx

A

ventral bulla osteotomy

110
Q

Nasal Planum Resection: Indication

A

neoplasia

111
Q

Nasal Planum Resection: Procedure

A

removal of the cartilage and soft tissue of the nose

112
Q

Brachycepahlic Airway Syndrome: Components

A

stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted layngeal saccules, +/- hypoplastic trachea

113
Q

When should surgery be performed on BAS?

A

ASAP to prevent secondary changes

114
Q

BAS: Sx Procedures

A

wedge resection (stenotic nares) soft palate resection, everted laryngeal saccules excision

115
Q

BAS: Medical Tx

A

wt loss, cool environment, limited exercise, harness

116
Q

Epiglottic Retroversion: Appearance

A

epiglottis obstructs airway with inspiration

117
Q

Epiglottic Retroversion: Tx

A

pexy of epiglottis to tongue

118
Q

Tracheal Collapse: Dx

A

fluoroscopy, Tracheoscopy

119
Q

Tracheal Collapse: Grades

A

I - 25% collapse
II - 50% collapse
III - 75% collapse
IV - >75% collapse

120
Q

Tracheal Collapse: Acute Medical Tx

A

sedative, O2, antitussive, intubation

121
Q

Tracheal Collapse: Chronic Medical Tx

A

anti-inflammatories, wt loss, harness, remove irritants

122
Q

Tracheal Collapse: Sx Tx

A

external prosthetic rings, intramural stent

123
Q

Thoracic Sx: Approaches

A

median sternotomy, lateral/intercostal thoracotomy, laproscopic, transdiaphragmatic

124
Q

Pulmonary Sx: Procedures

A

Total/partial lobectomy, pneumonectomy

125
Q

What is the maximum amount of lung that can be removed w/o fatality?

A

50%

126
Q

Lung Lobe Torsion: Dx

A

DI

127
Q

Lung Lobe Torsion: Tx

A

stabalize, lobectomy (DON’T untorse)

128
Q

Peritoneopericarial Diaphagmatic Hernia: Appearance

A

congenital communication between pericardium and peritoneum

129
Q

PPDH: Signs

A

muffled heart sounds, poss. ascites

130
Q

PPDH: Dx

A

DI

131
Q

Ophthalmic Sx: Preperations

A

place lube before shaving, clip gently, scrub with 0.2% iodine saline

132
Q

Opthalmic Sx: Hemostasis

A

direct pressure with cotton tip/cellulos wedge, diluted epi

133
Q

Eyelid Lacerations: Sx Closure

A

close in 2 layer, avoid conjunctiva

134
Q

T/F: H Shaped Resection is an acceptable way to keep margins when removing a mass on the lid/lip.

A

true

135
Q

Eyelid Single Pedicle Advancement Flap: Indication

A

when >1/3 of lid length resected

136
Q

Ophthalmic Single Pedicle Advancement and Conjunctival Graft: Indication

A

full thickness lesions

137
Q

Eyelid Agenesis: Tx

A

Dziezye Millichamp Mucocutaneous Pedicle Graft

138
Q

Entropion: Tx

A

eyelid tacking, hotz-celsus hemostat/incision

139
Q

Extropion: Tx

A

V-Y blepharoplasty, wedge resection

140
Q

Nasolacrimal Trauma: Dx

A

bubble test

Small Animal Surgery (3 decks)

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