Final Flashcards
1
Q
Nephrolithotomy: Procedure
A
sagittal incision on renal midline, flush renal Pelvis, catetherize
2
Q
Pyelolithotomy: Procedure
A
longitudinal incision into renal pelvis
3
Q
Nephroureterectomy: Indications
A
severe renal insult, obstructive hydronephrosis
4
Q
Renal Biopsy: Indications
A
suspected neoplasia, nephrotic syndrome, renal cortex dz, ARF
5
Q
T/F: When taking a Renal Biopsy you want to take some of the medulla as well.
A
False
You don’t want to take any of the medulla
6
Q
Ectopic Ureter: Classifications
A
Extramural - enters into abnormal location
Intramural - enters normally, but exits abnormally
7
Q
Ectopic Ureter: Tx
A
neoureterocystostomy, laser transection
8
Q
Ureterocele: Definition
A
dilation of distal ureter
9
Q
Uterocele: Dx
A
IV urography, U/S
10
Q
Ureterocele: Tx
A
ureterocelectomy +/- neoureterocystostomy
11
Q
Ureteral Trauma: Tx
A
nephroureterectomy, ureteroureterostomy, neoureterocystostomy, urinary diversion
12
Q
Loss of Ureter Length: Tx
A
renal descensus, nephrocystopexy, psoas hitch, bladder wall flap
13
Q
Persistant Urachus: Signs
A
urine dribbling from umbilicus, urine scald on ventrum
14
Q
Vesicouracheal Diverticulum: Definition
A
external opening is closed, but bladder attachment is still patent
15
Q
Bladder Rupture: Signs
A
hematuria, anuria, dehydration, hyperkalemia
16
Q
Bladder Rupture: Tx
A
close rupture, catheterize/tube -> keep bladder empty
17
Q
Cystotomy: Closure Pattern
A
simple continuous followed by cushing
18
Q
Hypospadias: Definition
A
urethra orifice occurs proximal to normal
19
Q
Urethral Prolapse: Tx
A
resection + anastomosis +/- urethropexy
20
Q
Urethrostomy Sites: Dog
A
scrotal, prescrotal, antepubic, perineal
21
Q
Urethrostomy Sites: cat
A
perineal, antepubic
22
Q
Urethreal Trauma: Signs
A
hematureia, stranguria, azotemia
23
Q
Mesial: Dentistry Definition
A
surface toward the midline of the dental arch (rostral)
24
Q
Distal: Dentistry Definition
A
surface away from the midline (caudal)
25
Proximal: Dentistry Definition
surface in contact with another tooth
26
Diastema: Dentistry Definition
space between teeth
27
Occlusal: Dentistry Definition
chewing surface
28
Apical: Dentistry Definition
toward the root
29
Coronal: Dentistry Definition
toward the crown
30
T/F: The older the tooth, the wider the pulp.
False
| the older the tooth the narrower the pulp
31
Dental Formula: Dog
I 3/3
C 1/1
P 4/4
M 2/3
32
Dental Formula: Cat
I 3/3
C 1/1
P 2/3
M 1/1
33
Tooth ID: Anatomical System
number is placed where the tooth is (the letter is the middle of the mouth)
34
Tooth ID: Triadan System
```
1 = maxilla right
2 = maxilla left
3 = mandible left
4 = mandible right
```
35
What are the teeth to remember to quickly count teeth with the Triadan System in the Dog?
Canine - 04
| 1st molor - 09
36
Malocclusion: Classes
1 - cross bite
2 - Mandibular Brachygnathism (parrot mouth)
3 - Mandibular Prognathism (under bite)
37
Malocclusion: Tx
orthodintics, removal
38
Enamel Hypoplasia: Etiologies
high fever, distemper
39
Enamel Hypoplasia: Tx
fill/cap defect
40
Attrition: Pathophysiology
pathologic wearing from malocclusion
41
Attrition: Tx
orhodontics, crown reduction, extraction
42
Abrasion: Etiology
abnormal contact of crown w/ foreign object
43
Abrasion: Tx
remove object, monitor for pulp exposure
44
Dental Caries: Appearance
brownish defect in tooth
45
Dental Caries (cavities): Tx
pulp capping, root cnal, extraction
46
Periapical Infection: Signs
nasal dz, maxillary/mandibular abscesses, pathologic fractures, draining tract
47
Which teeth can result in Retrobulbar Dz?
maxillary M1/2
48
Gingival Hyperplasia: Etiology
periodontal dz, drugs
49
Gingival Hyperplasia: Tx
remove affected tissue
50
Pulpitis: Appearance
red/purple tint of tooth
51
Pulpitis: Tx
monitor, root canal, extraction
52
Endodontic Dz: Appearance
dec. wall size, lucency around apex, apical resorption
53
Tooth Fracture: Classification
enamel infraction - cracks in the enamel
Enamel Fracture - loss of enamel
Uncomplicated Crown - cross sectional loss w/o pulp exposure
Complicated Crown - cross sectional loss w/ pulp exposure
54
T/F: Vital Pulpotomy is not performed in older animals (>2yrs).
True
55
T/F: When performing a Root Canal, you want a straight line access.
True
56
Tooth Luxation: Definition
partial dislocation from alveolus
57
Tooth Avulsion: Definition
complete dislocation from alveolus
58
When is tooth luxation/avulsion an emergency?
when you want to save the tooth
59
Tooth Resorption: Stage Appearances
Stage 1 - mild enamel/cementum loss
Stage 2 - moderate hard tissue and dentin loss
Stage 3 - deep hard tissue and dentin loss
Stage 4 - extensive hard tissue loss, pulp exposed
Stage 5 - remnants of tooth left
60
Tooth Resorption: Radiographic Appeanance
(multi)focal radiolucency
Type 1 - periodontal ligaments intact, peridontitis
Type 2 - periodontal ligament breakdown w/ tooth resorption
Type 3 - periodontal ligament breakdown w/ perodontitis
61
Tooth Resorption: Tx
extraction
62
Gingivostomatitis: Signs
ptyalism, halitosis, dysphagia, anorexia, wt loss
63
Gingivostomatitis: Dx
histo
64
Gingivostomatitis: Tx
extraction
65
Juvenile-Onset Periodontitis: Signs
sever gingivitis, periodontal dz
66
Juvenile-Onset Peiodontitis: Tx
prophylaxis, out grow, extractions
67
Glossectomy: Indications
trauma, neoplasia, macroglosia
68
Periodontal Dz: Etiolgy
acquired pellicle (slaivary proteins) -> plaque (bact., debris, cells) -> calculus (mineralized plaque)
69
Periodontal Dz: Stage I Appearance
I - gingevitis, normal sulcus depth
70
Periodontal Dz: Stage II Appearance
II - gingivitis, poss. hyperplastic gingiva + bone loss
71
Periodontal Dz: Stage III Appearance
III - gingival hyperplasia +/ recession, mod-deep pocket formation, 25-50% bone loss, mobility
72
Periodontal Dz: Stage IV Appearance
IV - gingival recession, deep pockets, furcation exposure, >50% bone loss, mobility
73
Periodontal Dz: Tx
clean teeth
74
Scaler: Types
sonic, piezoceramic, magnetostrictive metal stack, magnetostrictive ferrite rod
75
T/F: Using air from the 3 way syringe can detect calculus.
True
| Calculus appears chalky white
76
Furcation Exposure: Classes
0 - normal
1 - probe can enter less than 1mm (soft tissue loss)
2 - probe can enter >1mm (bone loss)
3 - probe can pass all the way through
77
Dental Radiographs: "SLOB Rule"
the root that moves in the Same direction is Lingual
| the root that moves in the Opposite direction is Buccal
78
Why are Pre-Extraction radiographs taken?
to asses teeth involved, id potential complications
79
Why are Post-Extraction radiographs taken?
to ensure there are no retained roots
80
Non-Surgical Extraction: Procedure
sever epithelial attachment, elevate tooth until luxation
81
Surgical Extraction: Indications
difficult/long elevation, impaction, complicated extractions
82
Surgical Extraction: Procedure
create buccal flap, expose furcation, section multi-rooted teeth, elevate until luxation, suture close
83
T/F: It is acceptable to have some tension when suturing gingiva.
false
| There should be NO tension when suturing gingiva.
84
Oronasal Fistula: Repair Methods
single flap, 2 layer (double flap), appliances
85
How do you prevent lower lip avulsion repair failure?
place interdental stent sutures
86
Tight Lip Syndrome: Appearance
lower lip covers incisors
87
Nasal Fold Dermatitis: Sx Repair
resect nasal folds
88
Lip Reconstruction: Methods
direct apposition, labial advancement flap, labial rotation flap
89
Salivary Glands: Canine
parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic
90
Salivary Glands: Cat
parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic, molar
91
Salivary Mucocele: Pathophysiology
SQ accumulation of saliva => soft, non-painful swelling
92
Salivary Mucocele: Dx
FNA + cytology
93
Salivary Mucocele: Tx
sx removal of salivary gland
94
Oral Melanoma: Tx
sx, radiation, vx
95
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Tx
sx, radiation, piroxicam
96
Oral Fibrosarcoma: Tx
wide margin resection, radiation
97
Acantomatous Ameloblastoma: Origin
remnants of periodontal ligament epithelium
98
Central Ameloblastoma: Origin
dental laminar epithelium
99
Undifferentiated Malignant Oral Tumor: Signs
external swelling, loose teeth, pain, retro-orbital displacement
100
Mandibulectomy/Maxillectomy: Types
uni-/bi-lateral rostral, central, total/hemi-, caudal, 3/4
101
Aural Hematoma: Non-sx Management
aspiration +/- local dexamethasone/methyl pred
102
Aural Hematoma: Sx Management
drain tube, incisional drainage, practivet system
103
Actinic Keratosis: Etiology
sun exposure of pale skin => crusting plaques
104
Lateral Ear Canal Resection: Indications
reversible skin changes, lateral wall tumors
105
Lateral Ear Canal Resection: Outcomes
improves ventilation, dec. moisture
106
Vertical Ear Canal Resection: Indications
hyperplastic Otitis, vertical ear canal neoplasia
107
Total Ear Canal Ablation: Indications
ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, extensive otitis, failed resection, middle ear dz
108
Middle Ear Otitis: Sx Management
ventral/lateral bulla osteotomy
109
Middle Ear Polyps: Tx
ventral bulla osteotomy
110
Nasal Planum Resection: Indication
neoplasia
111
Nasal Planum Resection: Procedure
removal of the cartilage and soft tissue of the nose
112
Brachycepahlic Airway Syndrome: Components
stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted layngeal saccules, +/- hypoplastic trachea
113
When should surgery be performed on BAS?
ASAP to prevent secondary changes
114
BAS: Sx Procedures
wedge resection (stenotic nares) soft palate resection, everted laryngeal saccules excision
115
BAS: Medical Tx
wt loss, cool environment, limited exercise, harness
116
Epiglottic Retroversion: Appearance
epiglottis obstructs airway with inspiration
117
Epiglottic Retroversion: Tx
pexy of epiglottis to tongue
118
Tracheal Collapse: Dx
fluoroscopy, Tracheoscopy
119
Tracheal Collapse: Grades
I - 25% collapse
II - 50% collapse
III - 75% collapse
IV - >75% collapse
120
Tracheal Collapse: Acute Medical Tx
sedative, O2, antitussive, intubation
121
Tracheal Collapse: Chronic Medical Tx
anti-inflammatories, wt loss, harness, remove irritants
122
Tracheal Collapse: Sx Tx
external prosthetic rings, intramural stent
123
Thoracic Sx: Approaches
median sternotomy, lateral/intercostal thoracotomy, laproscopic, transdiaphragmatic
124
Pulmonary Sx: Procedures
Total/partial lobectomy, pneumonectomy
125
What is the maximum amount of lung that can be removed w/o fatality?
50%
126
Lung Lobe Torsion: Dx
DI
127
Lung Lobe Torsion: Tx
stabalize, lobectomy (DON'T untorse)
128
Peritoneopericarial Diaphagmatic Hernia: Appearance
congenital communication between pericardium and peritoneum
129
PPDH: Signs
muffled heart sounds, poss. ascites
130
PPDH: Dx
DI
131
Ophthalmic Sx: Preperations
place lube before shaving, clip gently, scrub with 0.2% iodine saline
132
Opthalmic Sx: Hemostasis
direct pressure with cotton tip/cellulos wedge, diluted epi
133
Eyelid Lacerations: Sx Closure
close in 2 layer, avoid conjunctiva
134
T/F: H Shaped Resection is an acceptable way to keep margins when removing a mass on the lid/lip.
true
135
Eyelid Single Pedicle Advancement Flap: Indication
when >1/3 of lid length resected
136
Ophthalmic Single Pedicle Advancement and Conjunctival Graft: Indication
full thickness lesions
137
Eyelid Agenesis: Tx
Dziezye Millichamp Mucocutaneous Pedicle Graft
138
Entropion: Tx
eyelid tacking, hotz-celsus hemostat/incision
139
Extropion: Tx
V-Y blepharoplasty, wedge resection
140
Nasolacrimal Trauma: Dx
bubble test
