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Radiography 1 (Purple) > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What charge does the cathode/filament have?

A

Negative

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2
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negative

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3
Q

What charge does the focusing cup have?

A

Negative

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4
Q

What surrounds the filament/cathode?

A

Focusing Cup

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5
Q

What does a dual focus cup contain?

A

2 Filaments 1 Anode

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6
Q

Which focal spot would have the best spatial resolution small or large?

A

Small

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7
Q

What charge does an Anode have?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Anodes can be?

A

Stationary or Rotating

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9
Q

How fast do Anodes spin?

A

3,000-10,000 RPM

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10
Q

Which 2 metals can withstand a great amount of heat?

A

Graphite, Tungsten

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11
Q

Which part of the x-ray tube is the stem and which part is outside of the X-ray tube. Stator and Rotor

A

Stator- Outside of the X-ray tube. Rotor- Stem

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12
Q

When electrons strike the anode ____ energy is converted into heat and X-rays

A

Kinetic

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13
Q

When electrons strike the anode, Kinetic energy is converted into __% heat __% X-ray

A

99% Heat 1% Xray

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14
Q

Xray tube is made out of what type of glass?

A

Pyrex

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15
Q

Why is the tube made out of pyrex glass?

A

To withstand heat

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16
Q

Why is the X-ray tube vacuumed?

A

To provide unobstructed path for electrons

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17
Q

What is the X-ray tube insulated with?

A

Lead and oil

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18
Q

Leakage radiation cannot exceed?

A

100mR/hour at a distance of 1 meter

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19
Q

German word for Braking?

A

Brehmsstrahlung

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20
Q

What forms 85-90% of the beam?

A

Brems

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21
Q

What occurs when electrons rapidly decelerate and loop around nucleus on surface of anode?

A

Brems

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22
Q

What forms 10-15% of the beam

A

Characteristic Radiation

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23
Q

What occurs when elections on face of anode drop to fill hole in inner shell?

A

Characteristic Radiation

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24
Q

Used for fluoro requires positive pressure?

A

Deadman switch

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25
Q

Tube current displays only during?

A

Exposure

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26
Q

Quantity, Number, Amount are controlled by?

A

mAs

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27
Q

Quality, Energy, Penetrating Ability, driving force are controlled by?

A

kVp

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28
Q

What kind of transformer has the least ripple(3-5%) is the most efficient?

A

High Frequency Transformer

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29
Q

What kind of motor is the X-ray tube?

A

Induction

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30
Q

No practical amount of _____ can ever compensate for inadequate ____

A

mA, kVp

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31
Q

Recorded detail is controlled by?

A

Small focal spot, Short/low OID , long/high SID

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32
Q

The smaller the angle the _____ the focal spot

A

Smaller

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33
Q

Projected or effective focal spot is smaller than actual focal spot

A

Line focus principle

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34
Q

Too high mas with too small focal spot

A

Blooming

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35
Q

FAT-CAT intensity of beam is greater on the cathode side of the tube

A

Anode Heel Effect

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36
Q

Put _____ part of anatomy under cathode end for anode heel effect

A

Thickest

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37
Q

3 ways to enhance anode heel effect?

A

Steep/small anode angle, large IR, short SID

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38
Q

Main purpose of filtration

A

Decrease patients skin dose

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39
Q

If tube operates at 70kv or above you must have at least _____ filtration

A

2.5mm AL

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40
Q

If tube operates at 60kV you must have _____ filtration

A

1.5 mm of AL

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41
Q

Amount of metal that cuts intensity to half its initial output

A

Half value layer

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42
Q

The thicker the half value layer the _____ the beam

43
Q

What kind of filter- thick part of filter at thin part of anatomy

A

Wedge/ trough

44
Q

If you cut SID in half you get

A

4x greater radiation intensity

45
Q

If you double the SID you….

A

Get 1/4 radiation intensity

46
Q

What are two by products of the photoelectric effect

A
  • photoelectron

- characteristic radiation

47
Q

Total absorption of incoming photon. X-ray gives up all of its energy. Knocks out an inner shell electron ( know called photoelectron ) characteristic radiation released as electrons drop down to fill holes in shells.

A

Photoelectric effect

48
Q

Photoelectric effect is what color?

A

Clear or White

49
Q

What kV is classical?

A

Less than 30 kV

50
Q

Modified scatter. X-rays gives up some but not all of its energy to knock out an inter she’ll electron. Makes its presence known through scatter.

51
Q

What are the 2 by products of Compton?

A

Compton or recoil electron.

Weakened X-ray photon

52
Q

What color is Compton?

53
Q

Pair production is

A

In pet scanning

54
Q

Photo disintegration is

A

In radiation therapy

55
Q

Absorption + Scatter =

A

Attenuation

56
Q

When X-rays pass through without interacting with the atoms in the body.

A

Remnant/ exit radiation

57
Q

Back on the radiograph

A

Remnant/transmission/Exit Radiation

58
Q

Picture element that makes up the matrix?

59
Q

Larger matrix size and great number of pixels = better or worse spatial resolution?

60
Q

Optical density of 1/10

61
Q

OD of 1/100

62
Q

Density on film screen =

A

Brightness on digital

63
Q

Recorded detail on screen film =

A

Spatial resolution on digital

64
Q

Contrast on screen film =

A

Gray scale/ dynamic range on digital

65
Q

what controls patient dose?

66
Q

Density is the overall _______ of a radiograph

67
Q

Main controlling factor of density is?

68
Q

To double density

A

Double mAs

69
Q

To cut density in half

A

Cut mAs in half

70
Q

If you add 15kv you must cut mas in half. If you - 15kv you must double mas

A

On 90kv and above

71
Q

If you add 10kv you must cut mas in half if you -10kv you must double mas

72
Q

Scatter is?

73
Q

What controls scatter

74
Q

If collimating decreases then density?

75
Q

If collimating increases the density

76
Q

As part density increases IR density ____

77
Q

As part density decreases

A

IR density increases

78
Q

Automatic processor (4)

A

Developer, fixer, washer, dryer

79
Q

How long does an automatic processor take?

A

90 seconds

80
Q

Main controlling factor of contrast?

81
Q

Long scale low contrast has what kV?

82
Q

Short scale, high contrast has what kind of kV?

83
Q

Increased grid ratio- increases contrast

A

Decreases scatter and density

84
Q

Decreased grid ratio and decreased contrast

A

Increases scatter and density

85
Q

Increased collimation = ______ contrast

86
Q

Decreased collimation=______contrast

87
Q

Positive contrast ___ density

88
Q

Negative contrast _____ density

89
Q

Fluid, edema, atelectasis, late stage Paget’s disease

A

Increase kV

90
Q

Emphysema, osteoporosis

A

Decrease kV

91
Q

Size distortion=

A

Magnification

92
Q

Increase SID and decrease OID to avoid

A

Magnification

93
Q

Shape distortion

A

True distortion

94
Q

Cause by mal-alignment of tube, part, and or IR.

A

Shape distortion/ true distortion

95
Q

2 types of shape distortion/ true distortion

A

Elongation or forshortening

96
Q

If “s” number is too high then the IR is?

A

Underexposed

97
Q

If “s” number is too high then the IR is underexposed and image has excessive?

A

Quantum mottle/noise

98
Q

If “s” number is too low then the IR IS?

A

Overexposed

99
Q

If “s” number is too low then the IR is overexposed and patient may be ultimately overdosed due to?

A

Dose creep

100
Q

Invisible image =

101
Q

Visible image =

102
Q

Lower the density the ____ the pixel pitch

103
Q

The higher the density the _____ the pixel pitch

A

The lower the pixel pitch

Radiography 1 (Purple) (5 decks)

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