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Radiography 1 (Purple) > Chapter 5 Rad 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Rad 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Scatter is the result of?

A

Compton

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2
Q

What results from an interaction with an outer shell electron?

A

Compton

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3
Q

What are the end results of compton?

A

Weakened X-ray photon, Gray on radiograph

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4
Q

what is another name for Compton?

A

Recoil Electron

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5
Q

2 factors affecting the amount of scatter reaching the IR

A

kVp & Volume of tissue

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6
Q

Why does kVp and volume of tissue affect scatter?

A

the higher the kVp the more scatter, fatter scatter

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7
Q

as collimation decreases (increased field size) what happens to scatter, patient dose, contrast, and density?

A

Scatter= increases , patient dose= increases, Contrast= decreases, Density increases

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8
Q

as collimation increases (decreased field size) what happens to scatter, patient dose, contrast, and density?

A

Scatter= decreases , patient dose= decreases, Contrast - increases, Density= decreases

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9
Q

What is the first step in patient protection?

A

optimum collimation

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10
Q

significant collimation may require and increase or decrease in mAs?

A

increase (example L5-S1)

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11
Q

There is ___ unsharpness on the anode side of the tube?

A

less

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12
Q

There is ___ unsharpness on the cathode side?

A

more

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13
Q

What is the simplest type of collimator. Piece of lead with a hole in it. Not variable, and not used very much.

A

aperture diaphragm

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14
Q

What is shaped like a megaphone and correlates to divergence of the beam.

A

Cone

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15
Q

What is shaped like a tube and can extend down, used mostly for skull work?

A

Cylinders

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16
Q

Which is better cone or cylinder?

A

cylinder

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17
Q

What is the best type of variable beam- restricting device? has 2 sets of adjustable lead shutters and a light source for centering?

A

Box Type collimator

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18
Q

NCRP says collimation must be within __ of the SID

A

+/- 2 percent

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19
Q

How can you check collimation?

A

9 penny test

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20
Q

What years was it a law that all equipment manufactured had to have PBL installed?

A

8/1/1974-1994

21
Q

Who invented the stationary grid in 1913?

A

Gustave Bucky

22
Q

When do you use a grid?

A

when the part is 10cm or bigger & 60 kvp or above

23
Q

Grid ratio formula?

A

height of pb strips/ distance between pb strips

24
Q

Interspacing material can be Organic or Inorganic give examples of both

A 
Organic= Carbon like balsa wood, cardboard 
Inorganic= Not Carbon like aluminum (usually used)
25
Q

Grid frequency

A

of Pb lines/ inch or cm

26
Q

how many PB lines are there usually?

A

60-110

27
Q

The higher the grid ratio the ___ the cleanup

A

more

28
Q

the higher the grid ratio the more the cleanup but ___ restrictive

A

more

29
Q

Grid conversion formula

A

mas1/mas2 = gcf1/gcf2

30
Q

this grid the Pb lines run in 1 direction only head to toe. Used most often. Can angle cephalic or caudal but not across the grid lines

A

Linear grids

31
Q

this grid the pb lines run at right angles to one a noter. cannot angle in any direction. and most restrictive.

A

Crossed of crossed hatch

32
Q

this grid the pb lines parallel to one another, have no set focusing sidtance

A

parallel or non focused

33
Q

this grid angled lead lines to use in a specific focusing distance

A

focused

34
Q

Where points converge in space from a focused grid

A

convergent point

35
Q

Grids that lay on top of IR usually taped to IR

A

Wafer Grid/ Stationary Grid

36
Q

Who invented the moving grid to blur grid lines?

A

Hollis Potter

37
Q

What are the 4 types of movement with a grid?

A

Reciprocating, Recipromatic, Oscillating, Single-stroke/ Sling Shot

38
Q

What is not a type of movement in a grid?

A

elliptical (tomo tube-travel pattern)

39
Q

Grids _____ contrast

A

increase (by absorbing scatter)

40
Q

Grids ____ pt dose

A

increase (because mAs is increased to maintain density)

41
Q

Grid to non grid

A

divide

42
Q

non grid to grid

A

multiply

43
Q

complete peripheral grid cut off? (no exposure on outer edges)

A

upside down focused grid cut-off

44
Q

when beam is angled across grid lines (most common, decrease in density)

A

off level grid cut off

45
Q

bucky not shoved in all the way or tube off center

A

off center grid cut off

46
Q

when SID is out of focusing range. acceptable density in center with decreased density on outside edges

A

off focus grid cut off

47
Q

when stationary grid is used during CR. can be solved with a higher ratio stationary grid or use a moving grid. also occurs as a faulty attempt at making a cross hatch grid

A

moire effect/ zebra pattern

48
Q

6’’ air gap = 6:1 grid does what to contrast and density?

A

increased contrast, decreased density

49
Q

DR/CR more or less sensitive to scatter?

A

more

Radiography 1 (Purple) (5 decks)

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