Final Flashcards
how long can cryptococcosis live in the enviroment where it is endemic
for greater then 2 years
T or F
Cryptococcosis can be transmitted from animal to animal
False
What is the most common systemic mycotic infection in cats
Cryptococcus neoformans
what are some common causes of cryptococcosis infection
Cryptococcosis requires some type of immunosuppression….
- Chemotherapy (glucocorticoids)
- Infection (FELV, FIV, Ehrlichia in dogs, HIV)
- Neoplasia
how does crypto avoid the immune system
it avoids phagocytosis by forming a polysaccharide capsule
what are some common clinical signs of Crypto in cats
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal mass, and cutaneous lesions
what are common clinical signs of Crypto in dogs
CNS and ocular lesions
what is the common immune response to Crypto in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients
Immunocompetent = Granulomatous host response (nasal masses in cats, and meningoencephalitis in dogs)
Immunosuppressed = no response = Numerous organisms
how would you diagnosis Crypto, and what would you see as a resul
a. Cytology: on skin lesions, nasal discharge, tracheal wash, CSF
– i. High leukocyte count
– ii. Microscopic identification of encapsulated organisms
b. Histopathology
c. Culture (takes a long time 2 days - 6 weeks)
Other tests
- Latex agglutination test (detects polysaccharide capsular antigen)
how is a aspergillosis infection aquired?
Inhaled as a conidia
Systemic disease requires immunosuppression or
high inoculation size, or overcrowding (poultry farm)
• Pneumonia/air sacculitis in birds
• Brooder pneumonia in poultry
• Pneumonia in other species
what is the most common cause of fungal infections in the world
Candidiasis (Candida albicans)
World wide distribution:
Candida is a genus of yeast and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide.
Dimorphic: forms pseudo-HYPHAE in animal tissue but is YEAST in culture
Encounter:
• Normal skin flora in most animals
what does the orginasim Malassezia pachydermatis cause
Fungal otitis, or yeast dermatitis in dogs
what does CBP stand for? and what is it?
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBP)
• CBP – “lung plague”, is a contagious disease of cattle, buffalo, zebu, and yaks.
T or F
CBP is an airborne infection that can travel several kilometers and still be infectious
True
Widespread in the U.S. in late 1800’s.
• Outbreak was so severe, resulted in a trade embargo by the British government, blocking U.S. cattle exports to Britain and Canada
what are some general features of Mycoplasma bacteria
- Smallest self replicating bacteria
- Do not possess a cell wall ( as such there is no LPS, or Endotoxins, they are very flexible, and irregular shaped)
- cannot be gram stained
what type of diseases do mycoplasma infections have a predilection for?
- URT
- intestine
- genital tract
- articular surfaces (joints)
- conjunctiva
- bovine mammary glands
Chronic respiratory Disease is caused by M. gallisepticum and is found in chickens, turkeys, and some game birds. This is an example of a infection from what family
Mycoplasma
what is the common encounter/entry for chronic respiratory Dz
• Infection via respiratory route.
• Asymptomatic carriers become sick / shed organisms in respiratory aerosols, if stressed
• Can also be transmitted vertically and enter flock thru
infected eggs
Origin of infection can be ENDOGENOUS or EXOGENOUS
what is the mycoplasma infection that was commonly known as Feline Hemobartonellosis?
Feline hemotrophic mycoplasmosis
How is Feline Hemotrphic Mycoplasmosis acquired/ transmitted
• Infection can be endogenous/exogenous in origin
– Endogenous:
Low grade/inapparant infections are common.
– Exogenous:
• Arthropod vectors
• Biting and fighting (Hemoplasma has been detected in saliva, gingiva, claw beds and feces of naturally
infected cats)
• Disease is transmitted from queens to new borne
• Blood transfusion – demonstrated
what are the 4 phases that Feline hemotrophic mycoplasmosis are seperated into?
1) Preparasitemic phase (usually lasts 1-3 weeks, bacteria are replicating but nor detectable)
2) Acute Phase (Lasts ~30 days, ↑ # of bacteria in blood (death can occur during bacteremia by ↓ HCT), w/out treatment ~30% of cats die of anemia)
3) Recovery Phase ( time from last major bacteremia until HCT is stable)
4) chronic/carrier phase (cats that recover remain clinically normal, but chronically infected for months to years)
