Final

Question 1

Calculate mmol/L given Mg/dL or mEq/L

Answer 1

Mmol/L= (Mg/dL *10)/MW
MEq/L= mmol/L* valence electrons

Question 2

Max pressure drop for Peds arterial cannula

Answer 2

100mmHg

Question 3

Max pressure drop for Peds venous cannula

Answer 3

-30-40mmHg

Question 4

Terumo baby RX05 max BF and Prime volume

Answer 4

BF: 1.5LPM
Prime: 43mL

Question 5

Solumedrol in pump prime

Answer 5

30mg/kg

Question 6

Cefazolin dose

Answer 6

25mg/kg

Question 7

Formula for amount of Bicarb to add

Answer 7

No PRBCs: .025V

PRBCs: (0.3)(kg weight)(BE)

Question 8

Dose of mannitol in prime

Answer 8

0.25g/kg

Question 9

Calcium concentration needed to allow appropriate level in cardioplegia

Answer 9

0.7-0.8mmol/L

Question 10

Normal urine output for adults

Answer 10

0.5-1ml/min

Question 11

Normal urine output for Peds

Answer 11

1ml/kg/hr

Question 12

Temperature monitoring locations in Peds

Answer 12

Nasopharyngeal
Tympanic
Esophageal
Venous

Question 13

Calcium levels in Peds and adults

Answer 13

Kids: 1.1-1.35mmol/L
Adults: 1.11-1.3mmol/L

Question 14

Absolute pressure you cannot exceed in ACP and RCP

Answer 14

25mmHg

Question 15

Preferred acid base management in Peds

Answer 15

pH stat

Question 16

4 things want in a pediatric cardioplegia system

Answer 16

Small prime
Good heat exchange
Air handling capabilities
Versatile system

Question 17

Common aortic root needle size for Peds

Answer 17

18 Gauge

Question 18

Antegrade CPG delivery rate in Peds

Answer 18

30ml/kg

Want to keep root pressure about 70mmHg

Question 19

2 functions of coronary sinus balloon

Answer 19

Prevents back flow

Holds cannula in place

Question 20

Unique place can give CPG in Peds

Answer 20

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 21

Advantage of Del Nido and Custodial CPG

Answer 21

Last longer, typically only need single dose

Question 22

Del Nido dosage

Answer 22

Osmolarity: 340mosm/L
Arrest: 20ml/kg
Maintenance: 10ml/kg
Delivery: 90-180ml/min

Question 23

Components of custodial (Bretschneider) CPG amd their functions

Answer 23

Histidine: buffer against acidosis during XC
Tryptophan: stabilizes cell membrane
Ketoglutarate: improves ATP production during reperfusion

Question 24

Affects of MUF

Answer 24

Immediate: better pulmonary compliance
24hr: showed no benefit
Affects not sustained because systemic inflammatory response occurs during rewarming also may not be able to overcome capillary leakage

Question 25

Blood flow through ultrafilter

Answer 25

20ml/kg/min

Question 26

Benefits of MUF

Answer 26

Increased ventricular systolic function Improved CBF, metabolic activity, and oxygen consumption Decreased Postop ventilation Decrease Postop bleeding

Question 27

Most common location of ASD

Answer 27

Ostium secundum

Question 28

Formation of ostium secundum

Answer 28

Failed growth of the septum secundum or rapid reabsorption of the septum primum

Question 29

Only ASD can close percutaneously

Answer 29

Ostium secundum

Question 30

Reversal of the direction of any shunt

Answer 30

Eisenmengers syndrome

Question 31

ASD CPB notes

Answer 31

Bicaval (unless very small child) Antegrade CPG Very short case

Question 32

Common types of VSD

Answer 32

Membranous (75%) Muscular (20%) Supracristal/outflow (5%)

Question 33

Two types of surgical AVAD repair

Answer 33

1. Biventricular: Dacron VSD patch, pericardial ASD patch, cut cleft off of valve 2. Univentricular (complete AVSD): staged procedure

Question 34

Two conditions In which the PDA MUST remain open

Answer 34

TAPVR | HLHS

Question 35

Shunts to increase pulmonary BF

Answer 35

``` BT: subclavian to PA Central: ascending aorta to PA Waterson: ascending aorta to RPA Potts: descending part to LPA Brock: pulmonary valvotomy ```

Question 36

Shunts to increase mixing

Answer 36

Blalock Hanlon: blade septectomy Rashkind: balloon septostomy Open atrial septectomy

Question 37

Shunt to decrease ventricular work

Answer 37

Bi directional Glenn

Question 38

Takeuchi procedure

Answer 38

Baffles blood from Aorta to PA in ALCAPA

Question 39

4 repairs for aortic coarctation

Answer 39

Left subclavian patch angioplasty Resection: end to end anastamosis Subclavian translocation Patch angioplasty

Question 40

Four heart defects in TOF

Answer 40

VSD Pulmonary stenosis Overriding aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 41

Two types of repairs for DORV

Answer 41

Anatomic (patch VSD and Rastelli) | Univentricular (staged procedure)

Question 42

Sub pulmonary DORV procedure

Answer 42

Close VSD via tunnel Infundibular resection Arterial switch

Question 43

Two types of repairs for TGA

Answer 43

Atrial switch | Arterial switch

Question 44

Atrial switches

Answer 44

Mustard: pericardial tissue Senning: atrial tissue

Question 45

Arterial switches

Answer 45

Jantene | Lea compete

Question 46

Characteristics of HLHS

Answer 46

``` Atretic mitral valve Atretic aortic valve Hypoplastic LV Hypoplastic ascending aorta Coarctation of aorta ASD ```

Question 47

Major problem in HLHS

Answer 47

Pulmonary valve atresia