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Neuroanatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Damage to one MLF

A

Inability to use ipsilateral medial rectus during conjugate gaze

Not during convergence

Called internuclear opthalmoplegia

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2
Q

Damage to rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF

A

Unilateral - other side compensates

Bilateral - loss of vertical saccades

Pineal tumor may cause inability to look up

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3
Q

Damage to frontal or parietal eye field

A

Reduced ability to produce contralateral saccades

Other side will compensate

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4
Q

Damage to abducens nucleus

A

Neither eye can rotate toward side of damage

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5
Q

smooth pursuit

A

in cortical damage smooth pursuit in both directions is impaired. greater in the direction ipsilateral to the damage

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6
Q

damage to the oculomotor vermis

A

dysmetric saccades

eyes repeatedly not landing on intended target

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7
Q

damage to flocculonodular lobe

A

slowing of pursuit movements

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8
Q

damage to flocculus

A

impairment of smooth pursuit movements

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9
Q

damage to flocculunodular lobe AND oculomotor vermis

A

loss of smooth pursuit movements

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10
Q

A 36-yo tennis player comes to you complaining of the sudden onset of difficulty reading the sports pages, because he cannot make his eyes move from L to R. You confirm that he cannot seem to look to his R on command, but notice that his eyes can move to the R when you move your finger across his visual field. Where is the most likely site of damage, accounting for his loss of voluntary eye movement?

A

L frontal eye field

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11
Q

A 60-yo woman presents with difficulty looking upward. An MRI is ordered and reveals a tumor. Which structure associated with vertical saccades is most likely being compressed?

A

Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus

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12
Q

thalamococortical fibers

A

to cortex

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13
Q

projection fibers

A

cortex to subcortical structures

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14
Q

callosal fibers

A

cortex to cortex in opposite hemisphere

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15
Q

association fibers

A

cortex to cortex in same hemisphere

ie. uncinate fasciculus and cingulum

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16
Q

pyramidal cells

A

projection neurons

excititory (glu asp)

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17
Q

stellate or granule cells

A

local circuits

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18
Q

layer 2-3

A

other parts of cortex

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19
Q

layer 4**

A

from thalmus

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20
Q

layer 5

A

to subcortical (not thalamus)

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21
Q

layer 6

A

to thalamus

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22
Q

layer 1

A

dendrites and axons

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23
Q

cytoarcitexture motor

A

agranular 3 and 5 dominate

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24
Q

cytoarcitexture sensory

A

granular 2 and 4 dominate

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25
Q

cytoarcitexture association

A

intermedite types

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26
Q

thalamus general

A

gateway to the cortex all but smell
regulates awareness of pain
regulates affective component of behavior

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27
Q

reticular nucleus of the thalamus

A

shell of GABA neurons
attention and focus
inhibits thalamic nuclei

28
Q

posterior association area

A

junction of pariatal occipital and temporal lobes (usually on non-dominant side (R))
spatial analysis
contralateral hemineglect

29
Q

Broca’s

A

inferior frontal lobe
execution of speech
expressive aphasia
agramatical

30
Q

Wernikie’s

A

around superior temporal lobe
recognizing speech
receptive aphasia
neologisim; lack of comprehension; fluent nonsense

31
Q

aphasia

A

inability to use language

32
Q

anomia

A

word finding difficulty

33
Q

paraphasia

A

using incorrect words

34
Q

circulocuation

A

substitute a missing word with a gesture

35
Q

nelogisim

A

a type of paraphasia

36
Q

arcuate fasiculus

A

connects broca and weirnike

37
Q

conduction aphasia

A

good comprehension
poor repetition
defective production
using words that sound the same (phonemic pariahsias)

38
Q

apraxia

A

inability to complete complex motor tasks

39
Q

agnosias

A

dysfunction of higher level sensory

usually unimodal

40
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

silent cortex
controls inner thoughts
decisions
predict and organize actions

41
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

working memory

paying attention

42
Q

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

emotional expression

social context

43
Q

dyexecutive syndrome

A 
prefrontal damage
disinhibited
emotional imparments
difficulty planning
memory deficit
etc.
44
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

damage to both fornix and diagonal band

45
Q

central nucleus of the amygdala

A

fear

46
Q

bed nucleus

A

generalized anxiety

47
Q

kluvver-bucy

A

bilateral fronto temporal lobectomy…
no amygdala
flat affect
unable to rcognize fear in others

48
Q

interneurons of the hippocampus

A

GABA

seizures

49
Q

working memory requires

A

pre frontal cortex

50
Q

No hippocampus

A

no long term memory

51
Q

Papez circuit

A 
entorhinal cortex - perforate path
hippocampal formation - fornix
mammillary bodies - mammilothalmic tract
anterior thalmic nucleus --
cingulate gyrus --
parahippocampal gyrus --
entorhinal cortex
52
Q

information flow within hippocampus

A

entorhinal cortex -
dentate gyrus -
hippocamppal pyrimidal cells (CA3-CA1) -
subiculum

53
Q

central pattern generator

A

paramedian pontine retcular formation; PPRF

54
Q

vergence movements

A

efferent through superior colliculus

55
Q

putamen

A

motor functions

56
Q

caudate

A

cognitive aspects of movement

57
Q

direct

A

disinhibition

increased cortical stimulation

58
Q

indirect

A

inhibition

decreased cortical stimulation

59
Q

DOPA

A

GPi is diminished so increased cortical stimulation

60
Q

huntington’s

A

caudate
decreased GABA in Neostriatum - (indirect) -
increased cortical stimulation
chorea movements

61
Q

parkinson’s

A

decreased DOPA to neostriatum

rigid slow movements

62
Q

hemiballism

A

violent movements on contralateral side
lesion of subthalmic nucleus
increased cortical stimulation

63
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

too much haldol (DOPA inhibitor)
no more GABA
involuntary movements of the tongue and face.

64
Q

TOURETTE SYNDROME

A

caudate nucleus problems

65
Q

horizontal saccades

A

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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