Final Flashcards
Who was Joseph McCarthy? What was the McCarthy Era?
McCarthy Era
Tailgunner Joe and the Politics of fear official (in)action to stop him
Historical Context:
• Red Scare
• House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC) – Oath of Loyalty
What to make of him
• Eisenhower hates McCarthy
• McCarthy accuses secretary of state of being a communist
• Died from sclerosis of the liver – from drinking
What does HUAC stand for?
• House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC) – Oath of Loyalty
What does CORE stand for? What was the Double V Campaign?
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
o Desegregation of schools and lunch lines
o Chicago sit-ins, 1943
• Double V. Campaign
o Fighting against discrimination and prejudice at home
o Totalitarian over seas
What was the Fellowship of Reconciliation? What were the Freedom Rides about?
• Fellowship of Reconciliation – rides buses, freedom rides, 1947
When was the military desegregated? Who ordered it?
1948:
• Truman desegregates the military
Who was Earl Warren?
• Earl Waren
o After the president was elected he wanted to be in court
o Believed relocation of Japanese war camps was unjust
o Came to court with issues and agenda
o Activist court - conflicted issues
o Court Ruled May 17, 1954
o Ruled unconstitutional 9-0 over turning segregation in schools
o Schooled needed to be desegregated by all deliberate speed
o South wiggled out of the speed part
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
?
President of 1952
Truman
What was Mendez v. Westminister about?
o Throws support for Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
o Mexican students sent into inferior schools
o Were prepared for agriculture not real jobs.
o Two cousins, one light skinned one dark, were sent to separate schools, light to white skinned school, and dark to colored school
o They won. Desegregated are legally considered white so they can’t segregate whites away from whites.
o (Brown case challenged “separate but equal”)
What did Brown v. Board of Education say? What previous Supreme Court decision did it overturn?
• Brown v. Board of Education
o 27 blocks to black school v. 7 blocks to white school
o Felt it wouldn’t have gone to desegregation
o The judge was known for waiting for it to split the jury and then side with the majority
o Judge Vincent died
What was the purpose of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? Who were its leaders?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks Arrest, December 1, 1955
o On a bus after work, and was asked to move for a white man, she said no and had gotten arrested.
o She was a seamstress
o Active in African American community, involved in the Civil Rights Movement
o Took classes on non-violent social change – based off of Gandhi in India
o Rosa was not looking for confrontation, she said, “I wasn’t paying attention”. If she were she would have moved based on the bus driver
o 3 sections; Front (White), Middle (blacks could sit there if the white section didn’t fill up and if it did blacks had to move back), Back (Blacks)
o She had not given up her seat before and was not arrested
o Cop said “Why not make it easier on yourself?” she responded, “Why do you always push us around?”… Arrested.
o NAACP pushed against segregation, they used Rosa Parks
• The oppressors couldn’t use her morals against her.
• She was married with children
• Never pregnant out of wedlock etc.
o Her husband supported her decision.
• 1 Day Bus Boycott
o Used black churches to organize the boycott
o Type of stencils for mimeograph machines
• Type writer
• Peel off
• Run paper
• Prints 50/100 copies
• Cut apart
o Printed 10,000 copies
o Distributed in schools
o Everyone stayed off of the buses for one whole day
• Was so successful they had a meeting to keep it going
o Lasted about a year
• Bus lines didn’t cave in – lost a lot of money each day
• Won court case that bus lines had to desegregate
o People walked 4-5miles each day
o Blacked organized entire community into carpools
• Police tried to arrest people for chipping in for gas – tax thing. They kept at it
o They needed to find
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
What was SNCC?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
What is LULAC? What was the importance of the Hernandez case? What is “a class apart”?
• LULAC – Protect Mexican civilians for their rights
o Throws support for Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
o Mexican students sent into inferior schools
o Were prepared for agriculture not real jobs.
o Two cousins, one light skinned one dark, were sent to separate schools, light to white skinned school, and dark to colored school
o They won. Desegregated are legally considered white so they can’t segregate whites away from whites.
o (Brown case challenged “separate but equal”)
Who was Hector Garcia? What is the American G.I. Forum?
Dr. Hector Garcia and the American G.I. Forum??
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
Soviet Union Leader
What happened during the Hungarian Uprising?
o Tell Hungary – they said try it – Soviets came back
• Crushing Dissent
• Poland
• Hungary
• October 1956
o No western countries would help because they didn’t want another World War II
• Had atom bombs ½
• Had hydrogen bombs 30 miles
• Nevertheless seeks better relations with the west.
What was the U-2 Crisis?
o Soviet closed we don’t have spies there were dead.
o Technology advances –U2- excess of 80,000ft. to spy
o Soviets couldn’t shoot them down
o Took pictures. They complained we said “prove it”
o Nixon stopped it so we don’t have a problem.
o CIA wanted one more flight. Because they have spies.
o Soviets shoots down planes
• Apparently there is no evidence to identify
• Pilot would be killed or would kill himself
o Planned summit with US 1690 U2 incident
• Had wreckage and pilot
• Nixon had to admit he authorized
• Things hit the fan
o Khruschev condemns the US for not being honest
President of 1960
John F. Kennedy
Bay of Pigs
April 1961
an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba.
Missile Crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.
Berlin wall August 1961
To keep Berlin from the Domocratic Republic of Germany
The Other America
a book by Michael Harrington, (ISBN 0-684-82678-X) was an influential study of poverty in the United States,
Lyndon Baines Johnson
• Lyndon Baines Johnson – inherited a dilemma
• Election of 1964 – Senator Berry Goldwater – “whatever means necessary”
• Johnson – the candidate of peace?
• Gulf of Tonkin Incident – August 2,4, 1964
o And resolution August 7, 1964
o American destroyer was attacked by a torpedo boar from North Vietnam
o ‘Sea Turner’ the second boat
• Thought they were being attacked too
• Weather was so bad couldn’t tell
o Congress passed Johnson a “blank check”
• Maddix was not minding its own business
• Helping South Vietnamese sabbatours
• North Vietnamese sees US was backing South Vietnamese boat
• Second attack never happened
o Commercial with a girl playing with a daisy with a mushroom cloud in the background
Johnson Quietly Escalated the War
• By the end there were 1/2million soldiers in Vietnam
• Rolling Thunder – bombing campaign organized by Curtis Lemay
o “bomb them back into the stone age”
o Although they were already not using major technology against US
o Great technology was almost useless and poorly managed
