Final Flashcards
Who was Joseph McCarthy? What was the McCarthy Era?
McCarthy Era
Tailgunner Joe and the Politics of fear official (in)action to stop him
Historical Context:
• Red Scare
• House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC) – Oath of Loyalty
What to make of him
• Eisenhower hates McCarthy
• McCarthy accuses secretary of state of being a communist
• Died from sclerosis of the liver – from drinking
What does HUAC stand for?
• House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC) – Oath of Loyalty
What does CORE stand for? What was the Double V Campaign?
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
o Desegregation of schools and lunch lines
o Chicago sit-ins, 1943
• Double V. Campaign
o Fighting against discrimination and prejudice at home
o Totalitarian over seas
What was the Fellowship of Reconciliation? What were the Freedom Rides about?
• Fellowship of Reconciliation – rides buses, freedom rides, 1947
When was the military desegregated? Who ordered it?
1948:
• Truman desegregates the military
Who was Earl Warren?
• Earl Waren
o After the president was elected he wanted to be in court
o Believed relocation of Japanese war camps was unjust
o Came to court with issues and agenda
o Activist court - conflicted issues
o Court Ruled May 17, 1954
o Ruled unconstitutional 9-0 over turning segregation in schools
o Schooled needed to be desegregated by all deliberate speed
o South wiggled out of the speed part
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
?
President of 1952
Truman
What was Mendez v. Westminister about?
o Throws support for Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
o Mexican students sent into inferior schools
o Were prepared for agriculture not real jobs.
o Two cousins, one light skinned one dark, were sent to separate schools, light to white skinned school, and dark to colored school
o They won. Desegregated are legally considered white so they can’t segregate whites away from whites.
o (Brown case challenged “separate but equal”)
What did Brown v. Board of Education say? What previous Supreme Court decision did it overturn?
• Brown v. Board of Education
o 27 blocks to black school v. 7 blocks to white school
o Felt it wouldn’t have gone to desegregation
o The judge was known for waiting for it to split the jury and then side with the majority
o Judge Vincent died
What was the purpose of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? Who were its leaders?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks Arrest, December 1, 1955
o On a bus after work, and was asked to move for a white man, she said no and had gotten arrested.
o She was a seamstress
o Active in African American community, involved in the Civil Rights Movement
o Took classes on non-violent social change – based off of Gandhi in India
o Rosa was not looking for confrontation, she said, “I wasn’t paying attention”. If she were she would have moved based on the bus driver
o 3 sections; Front (White), Middle (blacks could sit there if the white section didn’t fill up and if it did blacks had to move back), Back (Blacks)
o She had not given up her seat before and was not arrested
o Cop said “Why not make it easier on yourself?” she responded, “Why do you always push us around?”… Arrested.
o NAACP pushed against segregation, they used Rosa Parks
• The oppressors couldn’t use her morals against her.
• She was married with children
• Never pregnant out of wedlock etc.
o Her husband supported her decision.
• 1 Day Bus Boycott
o Used black churches to organize the boycott
o Type of stencils for mimeograph machines
• Type writer
• Peel off
• Run paper
• Prints 50/100 copies
• Cut apart
o Printed 10,000 copies
o Distributed in schools
o Everyone stayed off of the buses for one whole day
• Was so successful they had a meeting to keep it going
o Lasted about a year
• Bus lines didn’t cave in – lost a lot of money each day
• Won court case that bus lines had to desegregate
o People walked 4-5miles each day
o Blacked organized entire community into carpools
• Police tried to arrest people for chipping in for gas – tax thing. They kept at it
o They needed to find
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
What was SNCC?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
What is LULAC? What was the importance of the Hernandez case? What is “a class apart”?
• LULAC – Protect Mexican civilians for their rights
o Throws support for Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
o Mexican students sent into inferior schools
o Were prepared for agriculture not real jobs.
o Two cousins, one light skinned one dark, were sent to separate schools, light to white skinned school, and dark to colored school
o They won. Desegregated are legally considered white so they can’t segregate whites away from whites.
o (Brown case challenged “separate but equal”)
Who was Hector Garcia? What is the American G.I. Forum?
Dr. Hector Garcia and the American G.I. Forum??
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
Soviet Union Leader
What happened during the Hungarian Uprising?
o Tell Hungary – they said try it – Soviets came back
• Crushing Dissent
• Poland
• Hungary
• October 1956
o No western countries would help because they didn’t want another World War II
• Had atom bombs ½
• Had hydrogen bombs 30 miles
• Nevertheless seeks better relations with the west.
What was the U-2 Crisis?
o Soviet closed we don’t have spies there were dead.
o Technology advances –U2- excess of 80,000ft. to spy
o Soviets couldn’t shoot them down
o Took pictures. They complained we said “prove it”
o Nixon stopped it so we don’t have a problem.
o CIA wanted one more flight. Because they have spies.
o Soviets shoots down planes
• Apparently there is no evidence to identify
• Pilot would be killed or would kill himself
o Planned summit with US 1690 U2 incident
• Had wreckage and pilot
• Nixon had to admit he authorized
• Things hit the fan
o Khruschev condemns the US for not being honest
President of 1960
John F. Kennedy
Bay of Pigs
April 1961
an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba.
Missile Crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.
Berlin wall August 1961
To keep Berlin from the Domocratic Republic of Germany
The Other America
a book by Michael Harrington, (ISBN 0-684-82678-X) was an influential study of poverty in the United States,
Lyndon Baines Johnson
• Lyndon Baines Johnson – inherited a dilemma
• Election of 1964 – Senator Berry Goldwater – “whatever means necessary”
• Johnson – the candidate of peace?
• Gulf of Tonkin Incident – August 2,4, 1964
o And resolution August 7, 1964
o American destroyer was attacked by a torpedo boar from North Vietnam
o ‘Sea Turner’ the second boat
• Thought they were being attacked too
• Weather was so bad couldn’t tell
o Congress passed Johnson a “blank check”
• Maddix was not minding its own business
• Helping South Vietnamese sabbatours
• North Vietnamese sees US was backing South Vietnamese boat
• Second attack never happened
o Commercial with a girl playing with a daisy with a mushroom cloud in the background
Johnson Quietly Escalated the War
• By the end there were 1/2million soldiers in Vietnam
• Rolling Thunder – bombing campaign organized by Curtis Lemay
o “bomb them back into the stone age”
o Although they were already not using major technology against US
o Great technology was almost useless and poorly managed
Sargent Shriver
Robert Sargent “Sarge” Shriver, Jr. was an American statesman and activist. As the husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, he was part of the Kennedy family, serving in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
War on Poverty
• War on Poverty:
o Job corps
o Vista
o Caps
o OEO
• Child Nutrition Act 1966
• Federal Aid to Education 1965 – student loans
• Head start – Day care/ pre-school
• Fair Housing Act – Ending discrimination in housing
Also
• Medicare 1965 – senior citizens/ Medicaid (medical) = help poverty
• Clean Air Act – Reduction of pollution
• Clean Water Act – Water on fire
• Highway Safety Act –Freeway safety, more people died on freeways (guard rails, seat belts etc.)
• Highway Beautification Act
• National Endowments
• Immigration Act 1965 – family unification and needed skills in the USA
So what happened?
• Poverty Rates go and stay down
Great Society
Accomplishments of Great Society • Civil Rights Act 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • War on Poverty: o Job corps o Vista o Caps o OEO • Child Nutrition Act 1966 • Federal Aid to Education 1965 – student loans • Head start – Day care/ pre-school • Fair Housing Act – Ending discrimination in housing Also • Medicare 1965 – senior citizens/ Medicaid (medical) = help poverty • Clean Air Act – Reduction of pollution • Clean Water Act – Water on fire • Highway Safety Act –Freeway safety, more people died on freeways (guard rails, seat belts etc.) • Highway Beautification Act • National Endowments • Immigration Act 1965 – family unification and needed skills in the USA So what happened? • Poverty Rates go and stay down
What happened in Selma, Alabama in March of 1965? What was Bloody Sunday?
• Bloody Sunday in Selma Alabama
o A march for Jimmy Lee Jackson who was fatally shot
o 600 marchers
o When the protesters refused, the officers shot teargas and waded into the crowd, beating the nonviolent protesters with billy clubs and ultimately hospitalizing over fifty people.
o This was televised as “Bloody Sunday” where people saw non-violent protestors being severely beaten by authority
What was the Voting Rights Act?
o Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965,
o Aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What did the 24th Amendment do?
Prohibiting poll tax
What was the Job Corps?
What did the Medical Care Act do?
What was the Higher Education Act of 1965?
Job Corps is a program administered by the United States Department of Labor that offers free-of-charge education and vocational training to young men and women ages 16 to 24.
What was VISTA?
AmeriCorps VISTA is a national service program designed to fight poverty. President John F. Kennedy originated the idea for VISTA
What did the Medical Care Act do?
Medicare 1965 – senior citizens/ Medicaid (medical) = help poverty
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
• Ho Chi Minh and the OSS
A missed opportunity?
• Declaring independence – September 1945
o Ho Chi Minh traveled across the world, worked as a waiter
o Goes to Paris to petition for the Vietnamese independence in the peace treaty
o Doesn’t get independence
o Goes to Soviet Union / Revolution to study communism
o Against Japanese occupation
o US thought he was a socialist – not communist and would be friendly to America
o Proclaims independence on a USA model of indepen
What happened at Dien Bien Phu?
• French lay out this fight to win and be done with the war
o Valley is surrounded by mountains)
o Dien Bein Phu and the French exit – November 1953 – March 1954
o The valley prevented a road to be built so they couldn’t bring in weapons
o But.. the Vietnamese could take apart the weapons and take it to the top of the mountain and fire down from above
o They were willing to do ‘whatever means necessary’ = nuclear warfare.
• Peace conference in Paris
• Pressure Ho Chiming pressured to appease the west
Who was Ngo Dinh Diem?
• Bao Dai and Ngo Dinh Diem
o Northern Vietnam
o Influenced French
o Roman Catholic
o Persecuted budast
• Army of North Vietnam and National Liberation
o Front (Veit cong)
o Ruthless pursuit of a Nationalistic cause
o Targeting assassination of anyone that associated with Vietcong
• Communists
• Government can’t protect them
• Would kill them in ruthless ways – so join us
• The United States stopped another group with the same means as Hilter, so the US came in
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
• Gulf of Tonkin Incident – August 2,4, 1964
o And resolution August 7, 1964
o American destroyer was attacked by a torpedo boar from North Vietnam
o ‘Sea Turner’ the second boat
• Thought they were being attacked too
• Weather was so bad couldn’t tell
o Congress passed Johnson a “blank check”
• Maddix was not minding its own business
• Helping South Vietnamese sabbatours
• North Vietnamese sees US was backing South Vietnamese boat
• Second attack never happened
o Commercial with a girl playing with a daisy with a mushroom cloud in the background
Johnson Quietly Escalated the War
By the end there were 1/2million soldiers in Vietnam
Rolling Thunder
• Rolling Thunder – bombing campaign organized by Curtis Lemay
o “bomb them back into the stone age”
o Although they were already not using major technology against US
o Great technology was almost useless and poorly managed
The TET Offensive
• The TET Offensive – Massive invasion with the intent of running the US into waters and taking over
o Shocking to the American people
o Not winning the war like they were told to believe
o Disaster for North Vietnam
o Public opinion changed in the US – fewer Americans supported war
When and where was Martin Luther King Killed?
April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. is fatally shot while standing on the balcony outside his second-story room at theLorraine Motelin Memphis, Tennessee.
When and where was Bobby Kennedy killed?
June 5, 1968
The assassination of Robert Francis “Bobby” Kennedy, a United States Senator and brother of assassinated President John Fitzgerald “Jack” Kennedy, took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California, during the campaign season for the United States Presidential election, 1968.
What was Vietnamization?
• Nixon’s war Vietnamezation – Train southern Vietnamese to handle the war themselves
• Never answered efficiently
o Saved face and pulled back
secret bombing of Cambodia
Invasion of Cambodia – secret bombing of Cambodia 1970 o Word leaks o Americans are mad • Nixon’s authorizes a land invasion o Turmoil in US over this
What happened at Kent State?
Kent State – May 4,1970 Massive demonstration o National guard intervened o 4 killed, 10 wounded demonstrators o Jackson state – may 14 - killed 2 • More Demonstrations o Congress balks, Nixon pulls out
What happened at My Lai?
• My Lai Massacre court
o One was the massacre by United States soldiers of as many as 500 unarmed civilians– old men, women, children–in My Lai on the morning of March 16, 1968.
o The other was the cover-up of that massacre.
o Drug abuse among the troops
o Commander Lt. WM Calley was put on trial
• PTSD – cleared a village, then go back and do it again
• US soldiers were used to draw out the enemy (bait) and the air support will kill
• Day after day, same places.
• Vietcong will build fortification
• Troops snapped and rounded up everyone and murdered them
What was Black Power about? What was SDS?
Black Power Movement
o Less militant
SDS – Students for Democratic Society = socialists
o Leader Tom Haden married to Jane Fonda = radical politics
What was Brown Power? What was the “Blowout”?
Mexican Voting
The Blow Out
o Mexican students all walked out of high school
o Until population explodes and schools became overwhelming
o Ruined wages – a complex situation- grew awareness
How did the Grape Boycott contribute to the growth of Mexican American consciousness?
• Cesar Chaveze – United Farm Workers
o Unionized Mexican migrant workers
o Long drawn out difficult for striking workers
o No table grapes
o Not allowed decent wages, education for children
o Got stores to only buy products with seals of approval
• Meaning workers were treated well
o Lasted for several years
o Growers recruited workers from Mexico
• Gains lost
• Chaveze tried to rebuild market
Who was elected president in 1968?
• 1968 Election – Nixon wins
o Johnson decides not to run
o He decided to focus on peace instead of campaigning for reelection
Who was Spiro Agnew and what happened to him?
On October 10 that same year, Agnew was allowed to plead no contest to a single charge that he had failed to report $29,500 of income received in 1967, with the condition that he resign the office of Vice President. Nixon later replaced Agnew by appointing House Minority Leader Gerald Ford as Vice President.
What is SSI?
SSI – signs and gives money to impoverished senior citizens
What was Detente?
Dentente “slacking of tension/detension”
What were the Pentagon Papers? Who was responsible for leaking them?
• June 1971 Daniel Ellsberg and Pentagon Pages
o Smuggled out papers during Johnson’s administration
o War was going badly, no progress, no hope of victory
o US people were lied to
o These papers were leaked during Nixon’s administration
Who were the “Plumbers”?
• Watergate
o “The plumbers”
o Plugging leaks = tracked down/ silenced/ fixed/ embarrassed
What was Watergate about?
o Plumbers bugged phones of democrats in the Watergate building… but they didn’t work
o They went back and tried to do another … but they got arrested
o One of the men arrested had an address book
• In that address book had a private line for the white house
• The cover up
o Always gets the government in trouble
o Nixon knows
o Nixon was recording all conversations in the while house “those guys were ours right?”
o CIA – “he’s a nut”
What was “Stagflation”?
- “Stagflation”
- Recession – cut prices
- Inflation – raised interest rates
What was the Yom Kippur War? When was it?
• Yomkippur War – October War o Isreal was attacked by Egypt o Unprepared o US backed up Isreal o “Egyptians won this war” – but at best is was a draw o Arab nations are mad at the US
What is OPEC? What was the oil embargo?
OPEC is a cartel that aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil on the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. Oil embargo • Gas prices doubled • Created inflation in economy • Created recession • “Stagflation”
Who was Gerald Ford? What was unique about his presidency? Why did he pardon Nixon?
president after Nixon
Gerald Ford
• North Korea beings to take action against the South because Nixon was gone
• Ford Pardoned Nixon - ending the long national nightmare
o Loses support so he loses the election
• Tried to deal with stagflation
o Balancing budget
o Veto spending
• Sought emergency aid for Vietnam
o Turned down
o Political Suicide – South Korea fell to North Korea
Who was Jimmy Carter?
The Carter Years • The outsider presidency – not associated with the sleaze factor o J.C. initials and born again Christian o Governor of small southern state o Bright o Micromanager o New ideas o Needed to know how to count votes to get bills passed – Carter didn’t know how –not effective president o Executive action
What was the Energy Crisis? What was deregulation?
Dealing with Stagflation
o Stressing efficiency and limited government
o Deregulating airlines, trucking, decontrolling natural gas and oil
o Small markets – we will pay above costs – deregulate – so things can be evenly priced
What were the Camp David Accords?
• Mediating the camp David Accords – September 17, 1978
o Returns Sinai gains from Yom Kippur War
o Discussing goals and dreams
o Plan for peace for Egypt and Isreal
o Maintained until present day
What was Reza Pahlavi? What happened during the Iranian Revolution? Who was the Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini? What was the Iran Crisis?
• The Shah Reza Pahlavi
o The Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution
• Promises people a better state if you follow me
• Islamic principles not Western culture
• People victimized thought it was a better alternative
• Has cancer and wanted the USA to treat him
• Flees to exile with family
• Americans thought he was our allie
• Students storm and held diplomats hostage – no way will we now give them Shaw
• He died of cancer in USA
What did President Carter do about the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
• Soviets (Russian) invade Afghanistan – December 1979
o Grain embargo
o USA boycotted Olympics in Moscow
o Carter tried desperately to negotiate
o A national Melaise – carter wore a sweater because he’s turned the thermostat down to conserve
Who was elected president in 1980? What was “Reaganomics?” What was “Voodoo Economics”?
Ronald Regan
• Election of 1980
o Ronald Regan – “if I were president I would give Iranians 48 hours and then bomb them”
o A positive active message
o Age came up in debates and answered “I’m not going to bring up his age in this election, I will not let my contender have his youth and immaturity held against him”
o Regan wins the election
o Hostages were released while Regan was literally taking office
What was the “Evil Empire”? What did Reagan recommend should be done with it?
o The evil empire (soviets) and the Ash Heap of history
o Afghanistan
What happened in Grenada?
o October 25, 1983: Grenada Invasion • Remove government and restore democracy o Libya Bombing – April 1986 o Iran Contra – 1986 o Arms for Hostages
What happened in with the Marine Barracks in Lebanon?
Lebanon Bombing – October 23, 1983
• Another civil war broke out
• Killed 241 marines
• USA marines go in
• Iran worked with terrorists –suicide bombers – building collapses killing a lot of people
• Pulled marines out, but this sent the wrong message, “if you hit the US hard enough we will pull back”
What was the “Star Wars” defense system?
• Weapons built up and strategic Defense initiative (1983) AKA Star wars
o This still going ont today making this possible
o Poured a lot of money into this
o Perception was he thought he could win a nuclear war
o Massive modernization = making it difficult to use a nuclear bomb.
What was the Nuclear Freeze movement about?
• Nuclear Freeze Movement
o Soviets were watching
o They didn’t want to spend the money to keep up with the US
o All I’m saying is “give peace a chance”
What was Iran-Contra?
o Iran Contra – 1986
o Arms for Hostages
he name given to a series of secret and illegal actions by US government officials under President Ronald Reagan. In 1985, officials in the National Security Council sold military weapons to Iran so it would help in freeing US prisoners in Lebanon.
Who is Mikhail Gorbachev?
• Mikhail Gorbachev
o Communist, reform to be what communist should be
• Only way to do this is to be able to speak openly to find where the problems are
o Glasnost and Perestrokia – “reform and reshape”
o Without spending money on nuclear wars we can spend it on the people
o Spoke openly about Regan and fear for Earth
• Gorbachev reaches out to Regan – lets work something out…
What does “glasnost” mean? What does “perestroika” mean?
Glasnost and Perestrokia – “reform and reshape”
What happened in Geneva, Rejkjavik, Washington, and Moscow that led to diminishing tensions in the Cold War?
Summits: decreases weapons and war, retargeting old missiles, investigations • Geneva: 1985 • Reykjavik: 1986 • Washington: 1987 • Moscow: 1988
Who is George H.W. Bush?
The Bush Years “Read my lips… No new taxes” • End of the Cold war • Fall of Soviet Union Berlin wall comes down november 10th 1989
When did the Berlin Wall fall?
Berlin wall comes down – November 10th 1989
o All east German leaders were on holiday
o No one could take the initiative
o And no leaders were reachable
o Wall came down and it was too late
o Better system if people choose to come back
• One by one the Nations of Eastern Europe fall
o People demanded freedom
o People wanted a choice
How did the Cold War end?
When Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the reins of power in the Soviet Union in 1985, no one predicted the revolution he would bring. A dedicated reformer, Gorbachev introduced the policies of glasnost and perestroika to the USSR.
Why did the first Gulf War Start? What was it about?
Gulf War 1
• First by air and by sea (last time use)
• Then ground invasion (February 23, 1991)
o Bring in someone better
o Huge number of casualties
o Fleeing army steals everything – cars, buses, water trucks- but there was only one highway in or out
• They were mowed down by US soldiers
o We didn’t want to take over Iraq
o We were trying to find Saddam and managed to took out 5 of his doubles walking around town
• President calls “Have you done what you need too?” – 100 hour war
• Powell and Swartcoff (?) - War ends at 100 hours
• Coalition victory, but… two days too soon.
• Sadaam is still there…
• George Bush senior says publically – if Iraq wants a change in government they should take it… They thought they had the US backing them.. they didn’t
• Saddam brutally stops the revolt.
What is NAFTA?
The North American Free Trade Agreement
Complete this sentence: “Read my lips…”
“Read my lips… No new taxes”
What is the Powell Doctrine?
American Response
• The Powell Doctrine – 600,000 troops – you got them
• Determining interests:
o Interested in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait = 2/3 of the worlds oil
• Building a Coalition
o Don’t go in alone, Canada etc. overwhelming force and power to get it done
• Assembling Force – Allies
• Devising an Exit Strategy – Go in and get out fast and efficient
Who is Ross Perot?
Running for president
Perot – Stockdale – “Who am I? What am I doing here?” Made fun of him on Saturday Night Live
Who is William Jefferson Clinton?
William Jefferson Clinton • Domestic agenda • Medical Leave Act o Allows Americans up to six weeks for care of a sick family member or pregnancy • Don’t ask don’t tell – Changed this o Military people hated him • He admitted to being a draft dodger o So more gays were being kicked out of the military • Brady Bill • Restricted Arms Control • Pushing the internet – making it much more accessible – more user friendly • Omnibus Budget of 1993
In what ways did Bill Clinton reform welfare?
• Health Care – National Health Care System – Hilary Clinton in charge
o Put it all together
o Congress we are not going to support this, instead we recommend a single payer plan that everyone could get it from the government
o Clinton’s campaigned for his whole bill instead, so it doesn’t pass
What was Whitewater? Who is Ken Starr? What was “Monicagate”?
• Whitewater 1994 – fraud and corruption – selling of vacation homes by Bill and Hilary Clinton, and associates.
o Special prosecutor Ken Starr
o Susan McDougall – refused to help because she felt he was on a witch hunt
o Star get Clinton under oath – he denies and lies under oath
o Gets Monica Luinski to cooperate
Its not what you do in Washington its what you cover up…
• Monicagate
o Impeachment January 1999
o Put on trial for his office
o Needs 2/3rds falls short
o So he kept his presidency
o American people were disgusted with him… but still loved him.
o This left him with a mixed legacy
What important thing happened to Bill Clinton that had only happened to one other person in American history?
He was impeached but kept his presidency
What happened in Bosnia and the former Yugoslavia? What about Somalia?
• Bosnia Finally 1999
o 200,000 people died
• Staying out of conflict in Bosnia
o War breaks out
o Europe’s war, Europe’s problem
o War drags on for years
• Grudgingly getting involved in conflict in Somalia
• U.N Resolution – December 1992 – Gave aid to Somalia
Who is George W. Bush?
• The Bush Years o A conservative agenda o $1.3 trillion tax cut o Faith based initiatives o Ban on Partial Birth Abortions – Late term abortion o Cutting funding for stem cell research o No child left behind = education
Who are the Taliban?
Terrorists
What was 9/11 about?
• 9/11: Why didn’t we see it coming? o Too many pieces not enough resources • The US response to 9/11: o Afghanistan o Limited force limited results o Osama escaped because we didn’t have enough troops o Rebuilding Afghanistan, we didn’t.
What is the Axis of Evil? Who are the Taliban?
Axis of evil
• Unfinished business: Iraq
o Chemical weapons etc.
o Using Powell to make this case to the United Nations
• They liked Powell
• Needed to finish this war that was left unfinished
Why did we invade Afghanistan?
To rebuild it and finish what we started
Why did we invade Iraq? How prepared were we for the aftermath of our invasion of Iraq?
• The Powell Doctrine
o The doctrine emphasizes U.S. national security interests, overwhelming strike capabilities with an emphasis on ground forces, and widespread public support
• A troubled war plan
o 30,000 troops convinced to 60,000 to establish stability after
What went wrong?
The current consensus:
• No clear plan or strategy
• Wanted to do it cheaply
• Unrealistic expectations (ignoring experts)
• Inept administrations e.g. Paul Bremer et. Al
Who is A. Paul Bremer?
Inept administrations e.g. Paul Bremer et. Al
Who is Robert Gates? What is the “surge”?
- From Rummy to Gates
* The surge and degree of enhanced stability
What is the “Great Recession”? What are some of its causes?
• Inherited a mess • Iraq • Afghanistan • Consequences of with drawls: o Messy world that we are inheriting o Responsibility on a big scale do not be cheap
What is “Obamacare”?
Health Care system from Obama
