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Juvenile Delinquency > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Watch System

A

Watchmen patrolled urban areas at night to provide protection against harm.

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2
Q

Community Policing

A

Emphasizes fear reduction, community organizations and order maintenance rather than crime fighting.

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3
Q

Juvenile Officers

A

Police officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders, they may operate alone or a juvenile police unit.

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4
Q

Role Conflicts

A

Conflicts police officers face that revolve around the requirement to perform their primary duty of law enforcement and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders.

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5
Q

Informant

A

A person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment.

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6
Q

Problem Oriented Policing

A

Law enforcement that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather that the incidents alone.

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7
Q

Arrest

A

Taking a person into custody of law to restrain the accused until he/she can be held accountable for the offense in court.

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8
Q

Probable Cause

A

Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts that an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense.

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9
Q

Search and Seizure

A

Protects citizens from any search and seizure unlawfully performed by police.

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10
Q

Custodial Interrogation

A

Questions by police to a suspect held in custody during prejudicial stage of juvenile process.

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11
Q

Miranda Warning

A

Supreme Court decisions require police to inform people of their rights when arrested.

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12
Q

Discretion

A

Use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out operations in criminal justice system.

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13
Q

Procedural Justice

A

An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which offenders or another group’s problem or dispute was handled by police.

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14
Q

Pulling Levers Policing

A

Focused deterrence strategy that involves applying all available measures or “levers” to police as well as communication with offenders to reduce a targeted delinquent.

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15
Q

Guardian ad litem

A

Court appointed attorney who protects the interests of the child in cases involving the child’s welfare.

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16
Q

Public Defender

A

Attorney who works in a public agency or under private contractual agreement as defense counsel to indigent defendants.

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17
Q

Juvenile Defense Attorney

A

Represents children in juvenile courts and plays an active role at all stages of the proceedings.

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18
Q

Juvenile Prosecutor

A

Government attorney responsible for representing the interest of the state and bringing the case against the accused juvenile.

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19
Q

Juvenile Court Justice

A

A judge elected or appointed to preside over juvenile cases whose decisions can only be reviewed by a judge of a higher court.

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20
Q

Shelter Care

A

A place for temporary care of children in physically unrestricting facilities.

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21
Q

Prevention Detention

A

Keepings the accused in custody prior to the trial because they are a danger.

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22
Q

Intake

A

Process during which a juvenile referral is received and a decision made to file a petition in juvenile court to release a juvenile, to place the juvenile under supervision or to refer the juvenile elsewhere.

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23
Q

Diversion

A

Officially halting or suspending a formal criminal or juvenile justice proceeding at and legally prescribed processing part after a recorded justice system entry. Referral of that person to a treatment or case program.

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24
Q

Widening The Net

A

Phenomenon that occurs when programs created to divert youths from the justice systems actually involve them more deeply in the official process.

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25
Q

Complaint

A

Report made by police or some other agency to the court that initiates the intake process.

26
Q

Transfer Process

A

Transferring a juvenile from juvenile court to the adult criminal court.

27
Q

Least Detrimental Alternative

A

Choosing a program that will best foster a child’s growth and development.

28
Q

Intermediate Sentencing

A

Doesn’t specify the length of time the juvenile must be held rather for correctional authorities to decide when the juvenile is ready to return to society.

29
Q

Determine Sentencing

A

The fixed term of detention that must be served.

30
Q

Mandatory Sentencing

A

Sentences are defined by a statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set for all cases of a specific offense.

31
Q

Final Order

A

Order that ends litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues.

32
Q

Appellate Process

A

Allows the juvenile opportunity to have the case brought before a reviewing court after it has been heard in juvenile or family court.

33
Q

Confidentiality

A

Restricting information in juvenile court proceedings in the interest of protecting the privacy of the juvenile.

34
Q

Community Treatment

A

Using non-secure and non-institutionalized residences, counseling services, victim restitution programs, and other community services to treat juveniles in their communities.

35
Q

Suppression Effect

A

Reduction of the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or punished.

36
Q

Probation

A

Supervised release from jail..

37
Q

Pre-Disposition Report

A

Developed by juvenile probation officer includes clinical diagnosis of juvenile and the need for court assistance and other information in developing a treatment plan.

38
Q

Balanced Probation

A

Program that integrates community protection and accountability of juvenile offender based on the principle that the juvenile offender must accept responsibility for their behavior.

39
Q

Monetary Restitution

A

Offenders compensate crime victims for out of pocket losses caused by that crimee, including property damage, lost wages and medical expenses.

40
Q

Victim Service Restitution

A

Offenders provide some service directly to that crime victim..

41
Q

Community Service Restitution

A

Offenders assist some worthwhile community organization for a period of time.

42
Q

Group Home

A

Non-secured structured residences that provide counseling, education, job training and family living.

43
Q

Family Group Home

A

Combination of foster care and group home, run by a single family instead of a profession staff.

44
Q

Rural Programs

A

Specific recreation and work opportunities provided for juvenile in a rural setting such as forestry camp, farm or ranch.

45
Q

Reform Schools

A

Institution in which education and psychological services are used in an effort to improve the conduct of juveniles or are forcibly detained.

46
Q

Cottage System

A

Housing in a compound of small cottages, each which can accommodate 20-40 children.

47
Q

Least Restrictive Alternative

A

A program with the least restrictive or secure setting that will benefit the child.

48
Q

Behavior Modification

A

Technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments.

49
Q

Guided Group Interaction

A

Delinquents can acknowledge and solve personal problems with supports from other group members.

50
Q

Positive Peer Culture

A

Counseling program in which peer leaders encourage other group members to modify their behaviors and peers help reinforce acceptable behaviors.

51
Q

Milieu Therapy

A

All aspects of the environment are part of the treatment and meaningful change, increased growth and satisfactory adjustment are enxcouraged.

52
Q

Meta Analysis

A

An analysis technique that synthesizes results of the program over time.

53
Q

Aftercare

A

Transitional assistance to juvenile’s equivalent to adult parole to help youths adjusts to community life.

54
Q

Reentry

A

Process and experience of returning to society upon release from custody facility post adjudication.

55
Q

Pledge System

A

Early English system where neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups.

56
Q

Warantless Searches

A
  • Stop and Frisk
  • Search incidents to arrest
  • Automobile Search
  • Consent Search
  • Plain view
  • Electronic Surveillance
  • Home Entry
57
Q

Police Strategies to Prevent Delinquency

A
  • Aggressive law enforcement
  • Police in schools
  • Community policing
  • Problem oriented policing
58
Q

Waiver Procedures

A
  1. Concurrent jurisdiction-14 states and DC, the prosecutor has the discretion of filing charges for certain offenses in either juvenile or criminal court.
  2. Statutory Exclusion Policies- in 29 states, certain offense are automatically excluded from juvenile court can be minor or serious. Accounts for the largest number of juveniles tried as adults.
  3. Judicial Waiver: A hearing is held before a juvenile court judge who then decides whether jurisdiction should be waived and the case is transferred to criminal court. 44 states and DC offer provisions for juvenile waivers.
59
Q

Concurrent Jurisdiction

A

14 states and DC, the prosecutor has the discretion to file charges on certain offenses in either juvenile or criminal court.

60
Q

Statutory Exclusion Policies

A

in 29 states, certain offenses are automatically excluded from juvenile court and transferred to adult court. Number on reason why juveniles are tried as adults.

Juvenile Delinquency (3 decks)

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