FINAL

Question 1

Last weekend, Paula smiled politely while Lance talked to her for several hours. Wow, thinks Lance to himself, she was so nice; Paula must really like me—she was so friendly! Lance’s interpretation of Paula’s behavior is an example of

Answer 1

construals

Question 2

Which of the following people has fallen prey to the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 2

Tim, who points to a person who fell down and exclaims, “What a clumsy doofus!”

Question 3

Tom saw a fad weight-loss program advertised on late night television. The ad claimed that deep breathing exercises would speed up metabolism, causing people to lose weight. He mailed a cheque for $99.95. When the plan arrived, Tom rearranged his day so that he could complete the breathing exercises as scheduled. They made him nauseated and dizzy, and before long, Tom’s friends began to think that he was “dizzy,” and they started avoiding him. After the end of the ten-week program, Tom got on the scale and saw that he hadn’t lost an ounce! Still, he remained enthusiastic and thought, “I may not have lost any weight, but I feel so much healthier!” This situation is best explained by

Answer 3

the justification of suffering.

Question 4

the hindsight bias occurs because after an event occurs, people…

Answer 4

have to assert that they predicted it correctly as a way to enhance their self-esteem.

Question 5

a researcher hired by a department store wants to examine whether manipulating the room temperature to be hotter as opposed to cooler affects sales of air conditioners. This method for answering this question would be

Answer 5

experimental

Question 6

________ and ________ are the hallmarks of the experimental method which set it apart from the

Answer 6

Control over extraneous variables; random assignment

Question 7

When researchers examine a social psychological phenomenon using cross-cultural research, they are enhancing

Answer 7

random selection

Question 8

which of the following is not an example of automatic thinking

Answer 8

conducting a search on the internet

Question 9

When Matilda met Joe, she instantly categorized him as a nerd because of his appearance and intense interest in technology and mathematics. Matilda’s categorization is an example of her use of

Answer 9

schemas

Question 10

Allison is a very sweet, intelligent, admirable person. However, Joe hears from her ex-boyfriend that she is hard to along with and very snobby. According to research on the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Answer 10

Joe acts in an unfriendly way towards Allison. This in turn causes Allison to act unfriendly toward Joe, and Joe believes that her ex-boyfriend was right about her.

Question 11

What is the major advantage of processing information automatically ?

Answer 11

We can use our cognitive resources for other more important matters.

Question 12

**as eye witness testifies that she saw the defendant break into her neighbor’s house. However, in cross-examination defense attorney points out that the crime took place at night, so i would have been hard to see. According to psychological research, what would the juror be most likely to do?

Answer 12

s

Question 13

**Keep in mind experimental research on eyewitness accuracy conducted by Dunning and Stern (1994) and Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Now, assume that you are a juror in a robbery trial. All things being equal, of which of the following eyewitnesses should you be most skeptical?

Answer 13

s

Question 14

familiar with emoticons: facial expressions displayed using a combination asian countries have their own set of emoticons; in these

Answer 14

ss

Question 15

If you use the internet, you are probably familiar with emoticons: facial expressions displayed using a combination of typographic figures, e.g., :-) for a smile. Asian countries have their own set of emoticons; in these (which are viewed without having to turn one’s head), there are different smiling facial figures for a man smiling (^_^) and a woman smiling (^ . ^), since in Japan, women are not supposed to exhibit a wide, uninhibited smile. This difference between the men’s and women’s emoticons in Japan is due to a(n)

Answer 15

display rule

Question 16

**according to daniel gilbert, we typically use two steps in making attributions. the first step involves ______, and the second step involves _____

Answer 16

forming an internal attribution; adjusting for the situation

Question 17

Why do the authors of your text refer to the actor/observer difference as an interesting twist on the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 17

Our perspectives as actors versus observers influence the extent to which we commit the fundamental attribution error.

Question 18

Ted Singelis (1994) administered his independence and interdependence questionnaire to students at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He found that Asian-American students agreed more with such statements as “It is important to me to respect decisions made by the group” and “My happiness depends on the happiness of those around me” than did Caucasian-American students. These findings suggest that

Answer 18

one’s culture influences one’s self-concept.

Question 19

according to the authors, programs such Earning by Learning, which provide children …..*

Answer 19

may actually reduce their enjoyment for reading

Question 20

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his brother reminds him about how he used to keep extra change in his pocket… he then started feeling a discomfort known as_____

Answer 20

cognitive dissonance.

Question 21

In a study by Gilbert and Ebert (2002), students shot a roll of film and printed two photographs. Some were told that they could exchange the one they chose to keep within five days, but others were told that their choice was final. Which group of students liked their photograph best?

Answer 21

Those who were not given an exchange period, because the decision was irrevocable.

Question 22

Leon Festinger and J. Merrill Carlsmith paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious, boring task was really interesting.

Answer 22

Participants paid $1 modified their original attitudes because they had external justification for lying.

Question 23

when a neighbor asks if he can borrow your chemistry book and you do him this favor. Would predict that you will like him more due to the Ben Franklin effect, which works because ________

Answer 23

you have to internally justify doing this favor.

Question 24

**many mental health professionals have argued that people who do not grief heavily after death of a spouse are in state of denial the authors of your text explain that

Answer 24

people who grieve are psychologically healthier than those who bottle it up using denial.

Question 25

people with high self-efficacy are more persistent and exert more effort at a task they also experience less anxiety. and their immune system function better. these characteristics of self-efficacy contribute to successful goal attaining…, self-efficacy is most strongly related to

Answer 25

self-fulfilling prophecy