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CSD > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Types of feedback

A

Linguistic, non-linguistic, paralinguistic

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2
Q

Reasons we communicate (7)

A

Instrumental (ask for something), regulatory (direct others), interactional, personal, heuristic (to get info), imaginative, informative

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3
Q

Semantics (what part of 3 domain system and definition)

A

Meaning and combinations; content

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4
Q

Syntax (what part of 3 domain system and definition)

A

Grammar; form

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5
Q

Morphology (what part of 3 domain system and definition)

A

Rules for organizing words; form

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6
Q

Phonology (what part of 3 domain system and definition)

A

Combining sounds; form

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7
Q

Pragmatics (what part of 3 domain system and definition)

A

Social use; use

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8
Q

Speech

A

Actual production of sound

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9
Q

Four components of language

A

Formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension

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10
Q 
ANATOMY
towards midline
Away from midline
Front
Back
A

Medial
Lateral
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal

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11
Q 
ANATOMY
Above
Below
Facing towards body
Facing away from body
A

Superior
Inferior
Proximal
Distal

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12
Q

Broca’s area (location and what it does)

A

Posterior left frontal lobe

Speech output; physical production of speech

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13
Q

Wernicke’s area (location and what it does)

A

Superior left temporal lobe

Meaning of sounds

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14
Q

Big 7 nerves

A

Trigeminal, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

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15
Q

Prosody

A

Volume, pitch, and stress

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16
Q

When prominences don’t fuse correctly

A

Clefting; cleft palette is specifically when palette doesn’t fuse

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17
Q

Aphasia

A

Results from brain trauma

Acquired syndrome where speech is affected

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18
Q

What can aphasia impact?

A

Comprehension, formulation, or both

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19
Q

Common causes of aphasia

A

Stroke, infectious disease, rumors, toxin exposure, hydrocephalus

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20
Q

Why is aphasia a syndrome?

A

Because it has a cluster of identifiable deficits

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21
Q

Types of stroke

A

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

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22
Q

Ischemic stroke and types

A

Blood supply inhibited by blockage

  • thrombosis: buildup of plaque
  • embolism: plaque migrates
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23
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Blood vessels or artery rupture

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24
Q

Fluent aphasia

A

Prosody intact, speak effortlessly

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25
Q

Nonfluent aphasia

A

Halting, slow speech with impaired prosody

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26
Q

Phonemic paraphasia

A

Sounds in words substituted or transposed (tevelision)

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27
Q

Neologism

A

Extreme phonemic errors where less than half of the word is correct - jargon

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28
Q

Semantic paraphasia

A

Patient uses wrong word but in same semantic category (door for window)

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29
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Nonfluent, impaired prosody, fair to good comprehension, phonemic paraphasia sometimes where they’re usually aware

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30
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Fluent, excessive talking (logorrhea), frequent neologism and jargon, poor comprehension

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31
Q

Anomic aphasia

A

Fluent, poor naming and word retrieval, no specific area damaged, fair to good comprehension

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32
Q

Global aphasia

A

Damage in multiple areas, nonfluent or no speech, poor comprehension

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33
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia

A

Nonfluent, paraphasia present, good comprehension and repetition

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34
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Same as wernickes but impacts occipital region of brain

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35
Q

Conduct aphasia

A

Impacts arcuate fasciculus, fluent, naming and imitation problems, fair to good comprehension

36
Q

Treatment for aphasia

A

Must account for period of spontaneous recovery, goal is to correct or compensate for deficits, longer treatment is best but is rare because money, generally group therapies

37
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic brain injury; neurological damage to brain

38
Q

Communication

A

Verbal and nonverbal ways of interacting with people

39
Q

What is the number one cause of disability for people under the age of 50?

A

TBI

40
Q

What are the three main causes of TBI?

A

Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and violence

41
Q

Who have the highest incidences of TBI?

A

Infants, adolescents, and adults over the age of 65; males of low socioeconomic status because they engage in risky behavior

42
Q

What are the three types of TBI?

A

open head injury, closed head injury, and polytrauma

43
Q

Open head injury

A

TBI in which the skull is fractured or penetrated; the meninges gets torn. It is a focal injury resulting usually from violence and sharp objects

44
Q

Closed head injury

A

Non-penetrating TBI which is most common and is diffused damaged

45
Q

Polytrauma

A

TBI that combines open and closed head injury, which emerged because of the military (PTSD)

46
Q

What influences the prognosis of a TBI (5)?

A

Nature, severity, degree of consequence, duration of coma, and duration of post-traumatic amnesia

47
Q

What are two ways we can measure the duration of a coma?

A

Glasgow coma scale or rancho los amigos scale

48
Q

Glasgow coma scale (what it is and does, and the actual scale)

A

Standardized measure of coma that assesses the degree of impairment and includes eye opening, verbal responses, and motor responses. Less or equal to 8 is severe, 15 is responsive and good

49
Q

Rancho los amigos scale

A

Assess patients in early weeks or months after injury, and is good because the patient doesn’t have to do anything. It is subjective and is based on 8 levels of cognitive functioning

50
Q

Three severities of TBI

A

minor, moderate, severe

51
Q

Characteristics of a minor TBI

A

No loss of consciousness, minor memory issues, example is concussions

52
Q

Characteristics of a moderate TBI

A

Period of unconsciousness lasting no more than 24 hours, can cause lifetime problems

53
Q

Characteristics of a severe TBI

A

Coma lasting longer than 24 hours, causing severe motor problems

54
Q

Cognitive characteristics of a TBI

A

major attention problems, difficulties with memory, word retrieval, and problem solving/planning

55
Q

Speech and Language characteristics of TBI

A

Socially inappropriate comments or poor social judgment/conversation, issues with abstract information, dysarthria

56
Q

Behavioral characteristics of TBI

A

inpulsivity, aggression, inappropriate emotional displays and mood swings

57
Q

Dysphagia

A

Swallowing disorder

58
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing; neuromuscular act of moving substance from the oral cavity to the stomach

59
Q

Bolus

A

substance being moved to the stomach

60
Q

4 phases of swallowing

A

oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, esphagus

61
Q

Oral prep phase of swallowing (purpose and how)

A

First phase! Bolus is in oral cavity being prepared for swallowing - chewing and rolling it into a ball. Lips are sealed and soft palate lowers

62
Q

Oral phase of swallowing (purpose and how)

A

Second phase! Bolus moved to the back of the oral cavity so it can be moved into the pharynx. Tongue presses against hard palate to squeeze bolus back towards the pharynx.

63
Q

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing (purpose)

A

Third phase! Moves the bolus down through the pharynx, past the closed airway, to the entrance to the esophagus

64
Q

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing (how)

A

Tongue and pharynx squeeze together to create pressure to squeeze the bolus down; the upper esophageal sphincter opens to allow the bolus into the esophagus; the soft palate lifts to block off the nasal cavity, breathing stops, and the larynx and epiglottis move together and the vocal folds close

65
Q

Esophageal phase of swallowing (purpose)

A

Fourth phase! Moves the bolus through the esophagus, past the lower esophageal sphincter into the stomach.

66
Q

Etiology of dysphagia

A

stroke, cancer, progressive neurological conditions, TBI, infection

67
Q

Penetrative dysphagia

A

Bolus enters the airway but stays above the vocal folds

68
Q

Aspirative dysphagia

A

Bolus enters the airway and passes below the vocal folds

69
Q

Oral phase dysphagia

A

Rejects or doesn’t take food - could have a poor lip seal, food may be left after swallowing, or slow, weak mastecation

70
Q

Pharyngeal phase dysphagia

A

Soft palate doesn’t close all the way (causing nasal reflux), delayed initiation of swallowing, larynx doesn’t close causing penetration or aspiration, reduced tongue and pharynx squeeze, and upper esophageal sphinctor doesn’t open to let in bolus

71
Q

Esophageal phase dysphagia

A

Difficulty opening the lower esophageal sphincter, reflux

72
Q

MBS

A

Modified Barium Swallow; swallow food coated in barium, using radiation to see process

73
Q

FEES

A

Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing; pass endoscope through nose, past velum, down to level of vocal folds, patient swallows food mixed with green food coloring

74
Q

Manometry

A

Tube with pressure sensors that is nasally placed into the throat and esophags

75
Q

Feeding disorder

A

Disordered placement of food in the mouth, causing difficulty in food manipulation prior to the initiation of the swallow

76
Q

What do newborns coordinate when feeding?

A

Sucking, swallowing, and breathing

77
Q

Why are fish gills important to study?

A

Ontogeny resembles phylogeny

78
Q

Pharyngeal/brachial arches

A

Bumps along embryonic neck that develop into structures of the upper aerodigestive tract

79
Q

1st pharyngeal arch develops…

A

mandible, Eustachian tube, malleus, and incus

80
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch develops…

A

inner ear and stapes

81
Q

What does the face develop from?

A

One frontonasal prominence, one pair of maxillary promininces, and one pair of mandiblar promininces

82
Q

Atresia

A

failure of a normally occurring canal to form/open (EAM)

83
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Tube from corner of eye connects with nose

84
Q

Choanal atresia

A

Atresia of cavity that connects nose and mouth

85
Q

Congenital aural atresia

A

EAM closed; surgery must occur after 5 years of age because a new pinna will need to be created

86
Q

12 cranial nerves

A

olfactory, optic, oculomoter, trochlear, trigeminal, abduct, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal

CSD (2 decks)

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