Final Flashcards
The terrestrial vertebrates are all ___ because they have four limbs.
Tetrapods
What is the largest group of vertebrates?
Ray-finned fishes
Fishes in order of evolution
Jawless fish, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes
Bony fishes include what two groups?
- Ray-finned fishes
- lobe-finned fishes
The limbs of tetrapods are ___ appendages just like those of Arthropods.
Jointed
Do all animals develop in a water environment?
Yes
Urochordates
Tunicates, or sea squirts
___ are the only remaining chordate characteristic in adult tunicates.
Gill slits
Cephalochordates
Lancelets
Humans, as well as all living things, are made up of ___.
Cells
Groups of cells that have the same structural characteristics and perform the same functions are called ___.
Tissues
An ___ is composed of different types of tissues.
Organ
The many kinds of tissues in the human body are grouped into four types:
Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective
Chordates have what four things?
- dorsal tubular nerve cord
- dorsal supporting rod, notochord
- postanal tail
- pharyngeal pouches that become gill slits
Epithelial tissue
Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration
Connective tissue
Support
Muscular
Contraction of skeletal parts
Nerve tissue
Receive stimuli
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Lines internal cavities, the heart, and blood vessels
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
Found in tubules of kidney and ducts of many glands
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
Likes the digestive tract
Cardiac muscular tissue
Striated, but fibers are branched, bound at disks, found in heart
Smooth muscular tissue
Makes up walls of internal organs
Skeletal muscular tissue
Striated, light and dark bands, occurs in muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton
What is meant by the expression involuntary muscle?
Muscle that contracts without conscious control
Three parts of a neuron
Dendrites, cell body, axon
Dendrites
Take signals to cell body
Cell body
Nucleus is located here
Axon
Takes nerve impulses away from the cell body
Why are certain types of connective tissue called support tissues?
It joins different parts of the body together
Stratified
Cell layers are placed on top of each other
Squamous
Flat
Epithelium
Thin tissue forming outer layer of a body’s surface
Describe how you would recognize a slide of compact bone.
Lamellae - concentric rings
Lacunae - cavities in lamellae
Central canal - canal in center
What two features indicate that a pig is a mammal?
Mammory gland and hair
What difficulty would probably arise if a person were born without an epiglottis?
Choking on food and drink