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Bio 2 Lab > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The terrestrial vertebrates are all ___ because they have four limbs.

A

Tetrapods

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2
Q

What is the largest group of vertebrates?

A

Ray-finned fishes

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3
Q

Fishes in order of evolution

A

Jawless fish, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes

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4
Q

Bony fishes include what two groups?

A
  • Ray-finned fishes

- lobe-finned fishes

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5
Q

The limbs of tetrapods are ___ appendages just like those of Arthropods.

A

Jointed

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6
Q

Do all animals develop in a water environment?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Urochordates

A

Tunicates, or sea squirts

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8
Q

___ are the only remaining chordate characteristic in adult tunicates.

A

Gill slits

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9
Q

Cephalochordates

A

Lancelets

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10
Q

Humans, as well as all living things, are made up of ___.

A

Cells

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11
Q

Groups of cells that have the same structural characteristics and perform the same functions are called ___.

A

Tissues

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12
Q

An ___ is composed of different types of tissues.

A

Organ

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13
Q

The many kinds of tissues in the human body are grouped into four types:

A

Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective

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14
Q

Chordates have what four things?

A
  • dorsal tubular nerve cord
  • dorsal supporting rod, notochord
  • postanal tail
  • pharyngeal pouches that become gill slits
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15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration

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16
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support

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17
Q

Muscular

A

Contraction of skeletal parts

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18
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Receive stimuli

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19
Q

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

Lines internal cavities, the heart, and blood vessels

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20
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

Found in tubules of kidney and ducts of many glands

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21
Q

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

Likes the digestive tract

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22
Q

Cardiac muscular tissue

A

Striated, but fibers are branched, bound at disks, found in heart

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23
Q

Smooth muscular tissue

A

Makes up walls of internal organs

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24
Q

Skeletal muscular tissue

A

Striated, light and dark bands, occurs in muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton

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25
Q

What is meant by the expression involuntary muscle?

A

Muscle that contracts without conscious control

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26
Q

Three parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, cell body, axon

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27
Q

Dendrites

A

Take signals to cell body

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28
Q

Cell body

A

Nucleus is located here

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29
Q

Axon

A

Takes nerve impulses away from the cell body

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30
Q

Why are certain types of connective tissue called support tissues?

A

It joins different parts of the body together

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31
Q

Stratified

A

Cell layers are placed on top of each other

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32
Q

Squamous

A

Flat

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33
Q

Epithelium

A

Thin tissue forming outer layer of a body’s surface

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34
Q

Describe how you would recognize a slide of compact bone.

A

Lamellae - concentric rings
Lacunae - cavities in lamellae
Central canal - canal in center

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35
Q

What two features indicate that a pig is a mammal?

A

Mammory gland and hair

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36
Q

What difficulty would probably arise if a person were born without an epiglottis?

A

Choking on food and drink

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37
Q

What two cavities studied in this lab hold internal organs?

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

38
Q

Two principal organs in the thoracic cavity

A

Heart

Lungs

39
Q

Heart

A

Pump for cardiovascular system

40
Q

Lungs

A

Organs of respiratory system where has exchange occurs

41
Q

What difficulty would arise if a person were born without a thymus gland?

A

Lymphocytes would not mature which would not allow for the ability to fight disease

42
Q

Largest organ in the abdominal cavity

A

Liver

43
Q

Liver

A

Disposing of worn-out red blood cells, producing bile, storing glycogen, maintaining the blood glucose level, producing blood proteins

44
Q

Why is it proper to associate the gallbladder with the liver?

A

The liver produces bile, which is stored and released in the gallbladder

45
Q

Where would you find the pancreas?

A

Between the stomach and small intestine

46
Q

What are the four chambers of the mammalian heart?

A

Right and left atrium, right and left ventricle

47
Q

Contrast the pumping function of the right and left sides of the heart.

A

Right - sends blood through the smaller pulmonary circuit

Left - sends blood through the much larger systemic circuit

48
Q

Sequence the organs of the respiratory system from the glottis to the lungs.

A

Glottis, trachea, larynx, bronchi, lungs

49
Q

What’s the difference between the ureters and the urethra in the urinary system?

A

Ureters run from the kidneys to the bladder

Urethra runs from the bladder to exit the body

50
Q

Sequence the path of sperm from the testes to the urogenital opening.

A

Testes, epididymides, vasa diferentia, urethra, penis

51
Q

What organs enter the urogenital sinus in female pigs?

A

Vagina, urethra

52
Q

Which organ in males produces sperm?

A

Testes

53
Q

Which organs in females produces eggs?

A

Ovaries

54
Q

How and when do speak acquire access to an egg in mammals?

A

Sorry travels up to the vagina, to the cervic, to the uterine horn where the egg is

55
Q

An umbilical cord stretches externally between the fetal animals and the ___.

A

Placenta

56
Q

How many nipples does your pig have?

A

16

57
Q

The ___ is the space in the mouth that contains the tongue and the teeth.

A

Oral cavity

58
Q

The ___ is dorsal to the oral cavity and has three openings.

A

Pharynx

59
Q

The ___ is an opening through which air passes on its way to the ___ and lungs.

A

Glottis, trachea

60
Q

The ___ is a portion of the digestive tract that leads through the neck and thorax to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

61
Q

The ___ leads to the nasal passages.

A

Nasopharyx

62
Q

___ covers the glottis.

A

Epiglottis

63
Q

Structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

A

Diaphragm

64
Q

The central region of the diaphragm, called the ___, is a membranous area.

A

Central tendon

65
Q

Lifting the flap with the umbilical cord requires cutting the ___.

A

Umbilical vein

66
Q

The ___, or voice box, sits atop the ___, or windpipe.

A

Larynx, trachea

67
Q

Thoracic cavity three compartments

A

Left pleural cavity
Right pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity

68
Q

Left pleural cavity contains

A

Left lung

69
Q

Right pleural cavity contains

A

Right lung

70
Q

Pericardial cavity contains

A

The heart

71
Q

The trachea, dorsal to the heart, divides into the ___, which enter the lungs.

A

Bronchi

72
Q

The abdominal wall and organs are lined by a membrane called ___.

A

Peritoneum

73
Q

Double-layered sheets of peritoneum, called ___, project from the body wall and support the organs.

A

Mesenteries

74
Q

Stomach makes a curve to the right and narrows to join the anterior end of the small intestine called the ___.

A

Duodenum

75
Q

The ___ is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.

A

Pancreas

76
Q

The ___ runs in the mesentery stretching the liver and the duodenum.

A

Bile duct

77
Q

The ___ is part of the digestive tract that android water and prepares feces for defecation at the anus.

A

Large intestine

78
Q

The ___ stores and releases bile, which aids the digestion of fat.

A

gallbladder

79
Q

The first part of the large intestine, called the ___, has a projection called the vermiform appendix.

A

Cecum

80
Q

What is the main portion of the large intestine?

A

Colon

81
Q

In the pelvic region, the ___ is the last portion of the large intestine.

A

Rectum

82
Q

The rectum leads to the ___.

A

Anus

83
Q

The cardiovascular system includes the heart and two major circular pathways:

A

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic circuit

84
Q

Kidney produces ___

A

Urine

85
Q

Kidney is ___ shaped

A

Lima bean

86
Q

___ in small intestine to increase surface area to make more enzymes.

A

Finger-like projections

87
Q

Layer on top of heart

A

Thymus

88
Q

___ used as landmark.

A

Coronary artery

89
Q

Aorta, rectum on top of aorta, purplish one is ___

A

Inferior vena cava

90
Q

Trachea looks

A

White rings

91
Q

Thymus responsible for ___ maturation

A

T-cell

Bio 2 Lab (3 decks)

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