Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UI 607 Virology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does the genome of retroviridae look like?

A

ss RNA, + sense, DIPLOID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What gene in retroviridae codes for the capsid protein?

A

gag = group sepecific antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two modes of transmission of retroviridae?

A

endogenous (provirus) - vertically

exogenous (provirus or episome) - horizontally and vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two outcomes of horizontal transmission of retroviridae?

A

immunocompetent - persistent infection

immunoincompetent - clinical dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two outcomes of vertical transmission of retroviridae?

A

immunoINcompetetent - immuno tolerant

viremia - persistant productive - clinical dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does avian leukosis transform cells?

A

slowly,mainly B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 disease forms of avian leukosis?

A

visceral lymphomatosis, osteopetrosis, renal tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What way is avian leukosis transmitted to cause tumors?

A

have to be vertically transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What virus needs avian leukosis to help it replicate?

A

avian sarcoma virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell tropism for bovine leukemia virus?

A

b lymphos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 ways BLV is transmitted?

A

shed virus, mechanic vectors in blood, transplacental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the ways in which avian leukosis is transmitted?

A

horizontal - saliva (inefficient)

vertical - congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is expressed on cells transformed by FeLV? Why is it important?

A

FOCMA (feline oncovirus associated cell membrane antigen) –> induces ADCC –> prevents tumor formation of other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two cell tropisms for FeLV?

A

myeloid (WBC)

thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What test can detect both the 1st and 2nd viremic phase of FeLV?

A

Elisa-Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What test can only detect FeLV after bone marrow infection?

A

Hardy’s test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does FeLV start shedding from epithelial surfaces?

A

4 weeks PI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most frequent outcome of FeLV clinically?

A

degenerative dz - shut down of BM, young cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when cats survive degenerative form of FeLV?

A

proliferative dz - lymphosarcoma, thymic form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 retroviruses in small ruminants?

A

visna - wasting
maedi - dyspnea, ovine progressive pneumonia
caprine arthritis - encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the manifestations of caprine arthritis in kids and adults?

A

Kids (2-4m) - neurological dz, ascending paralysis

adults - arthritis, mastitis, resp dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the common name for EIA?

A

swamp fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens if horses recover from EIA?

A

persistant productive infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens clinically in the acute stage of FIV?

A

gneralized lymphadenopathy, neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is there a vaccine fo FIV?

A

yes but not DIVA compatible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What 2 viruses are in the rhabdoviridae family?

A

rabies and vesicular stomatitis virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is unique about the rhabdoviridae physical characteristics?

A

enveloped, bullet shaped,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the VAP for rhabdoviridae?

A

G protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the cell tropism for rabies?

A

neurons, secretory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is rhabdoviridae transmitted?

A

horizontally thru skin or mucosal lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How does rabies get to the brain?

A

via AcH receptors - sensory o motor nerves into CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the two forms of rabies virus?

A

furious form - encephalitis, hydrophobia

dumb form - depression, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What molecules do orthomyxoviridae viruses have an affinity to?

A

mucopolysacchardies and glycoproteins containing sialic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of genome does orthomyxoviridae have? Where does it replicate?

A

ss RNA - sense, but replicates in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What glycoproteins of orthomyxoviridae aid in uncoating?

A

hemagglutinin (H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What glycoproteins of orthomyxoviridae help free progey from the cell and cleave sialic acid?

A

neuraminidase (N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What glycoprotein of orthomyxo is the neutralization targe as well as determines virulence?

A

hemagglutinin (H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the cell tropism for orthomyxo?

A

dictated by cell receptors and cellular proteases
Resp epithelium of birds and mammals
GI epithelium in birds only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What type of antigenic diversity results in epizootics and panzootics?

A

antigenic shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How often should horses be vaccinated against equine influenza?

A

3 to 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How is avian influenza categorized by virulence? (3)

A

genotype (H), phenotype and bioassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a modern concern with avian influenza certain pathotype?

A

HPAI H5N1 may adapt to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What makes HPAI so virulent? (high pathogenic avian influenza)

A

can be cleaved by many different cellular proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What 4 viruses are in the paramyxoviridae family?

A

newcastle, bovine parainfluenza, canine distemper, bovine respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the difference in genome between paramyxo and orthomyxo?

A

paramyxo is not segmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What surface glycoprotein of paramyxo mediates viral attachment?

A

hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What surface glycoprotein has a key role in pathogensis of paramyxo?

A

fusion (F) protein - viral penetration, synctia

48
Q

What surface glycoprotein in paramyxo requires cellular proteolytic cleavage to become active?

A

fusion (F) protein

49
Q

What protein of paramyxo links nucleocapsids to cell membrane during replication?

A

matrix protein

50
Q

How does paramyxo exit the cell?

A

budding

51
Q

What are the 3 cell tropisms for paramyxo?

A

respiratory, GI, neurons (CDV and NDV)

all restricted by F protein (cleavage)

52
Q

What are the 4 forms of newcastle dz? What kind of strains do they represent?

A

pneumotropic - lento or mesogenic strain
enterotropic (velogenic)
neurotropic - chronic
viscerotropic (exotic)

53
Q

What does newcastle dz cause in other animals?

A

self limiting influenza like dz

54
Q

How can newcastle be transmitted?

A

horizontally

vertically - transovarian

55
Q

What is the vaccine for bovine parainfluenza?

A

bovine PI-3

56
Q

What is the differential dx for canine distemper?

A

ICH

57
Q

What is the pathogenesis of canine distempe?

A

viremia –> pantropic infection –> immunodeficiency, viral induced hypogammaglobulinemia

58
Q

What is the pathognomic sign of the enteric form of canine distemper?

A

inclusion bodies in UTI epithelium

59
Q

What are the clinical signs and sequelae of canine distemper?

A

bubble gum seizures
sequelae - old dog encephalitis
hard pad dz

60
Q

What protein in coronaviridae gives the virus its characteristic shape?

A

S glycoprotein - club shaped peplomers

61
Q

What are the 3 jobs of the S protein in coronaviridae?

A

VAP, penetration, syncytia formation

62
Q

Where does coronaviridae get it’s envelope? How does it exit cell?

A

RER/golgi, then exocytosis

63
Q

What is the cell tropism for coronaviridae?

A

resp and GI, can do CNS

64
Q

What is the cell tropism for FIP?

A

resp epithelium, enterocytes

systemic spread thru macrophages

65
Q

What excacerbates the immune complexes in FIP?

A

antibody dependent enhancement of infectivity - uptake of IC by macrophages

66
Q

What is the pathogenesis of classical FIP? (wet form)

A

IC –> complement –> chemotaxis of macros –>vascular permability –> emigration of PMNs and proteins –> vasculitis

67
Q

What immune response is seen with dry FIP? wet FIP?

A

dry - humoral but only partial CMI response

wet - strong humora, weak CMI

68
Q

What is the hallmark feature of wet FIP?

A

peritoneal and pleural effusion

69
Q

What porcine virus infects villous enterocytes of both small and large intestine?

A

PEDV

70
Q

What are the three clinical manifestations of bovine coronavirus?

A

neonatal diarrhea in calves
winter dysentery (6 mo to adults)
resp dz in calves and shipping fever

71
Q

What family of viruses is avian infectious bronchitis virus?

A

coronaviridae

72
Q

Why is AIBV economically important? (avian infectious bronchitis)

A

reproductive problems in roosters, persistant infection, highly contagious, high mortality, decreased egg production

73
Q

What are the viral characteristics of arteriviridae?

A

enveloped, ss RNA + sense

74
Q

What is the cell tropism for arteriviridae?

A

macrophages

75
Q

If a virus has cell tropism for WBCs, what are the possible results?

A

systemic infection
vertical transmission
arbovirus

76
Q

What is the cell tropism for equine arteritis virus in particular?

A

muscle cells of small arteries –> edema, hemorrhage

77
Q

What are 3 other viruses equine arterivirus should be differentiated from?

A

EHV-1, EHV4, equine influenza

78
Q

What is the cell tropism for PRRSV?

A

macrophages and testicular germ cells

79
Q

Where is PRRSV able to persist in swine? When?

A

alveolar macrophages, 8 weeks PI

80
Q

What is the control recommended for PRRSV?

A

vaccine

81
Q

What family of viruses is cahce valley virus?

A

bunyaviridae

82
Q

What is the cell tropism for cache valley?

A

CNS, musculoskeletal

83
Q

What are the modes of transmission of cache valley virus?

A

horizontal - arbovirus

vertical - transplacental

84
Q

What family of viruses is EEEV, WEEV and VEEV?

A

togaviridae

85
Q

What family of viruses is BVDV, CSF, and West nile?

A

flaviviridae

86
Q

What is the cell tropism for togaviridae?

A

neurons

87
Q

What is the cell tropism for flaviviridae?

A

pestivirus - lymphoid tissue, mucosal epithelium

flavi - neurons

88
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EEEV?

A

biphasic fever, neuron destruction

89
Q

What is important in immunity against BVDV?

A

mucosal immunity

90
Q

How does BVDV cause mucosal disease?

A

PI animal infected with cytopathic virus

91
Q

If a calf is infected with BVDV between 0 and 150 days of gestation with CP what happens?

A

death of fetus

92
Q

What happens if calf is infected with BVDV non cytopathic type between 0 and 150 days?

A

persisitantly infected animal - congenital anomolies, weak

93
Q

What happens if calf is infected with BVDV non cytopathic type from 150 days on?

A

immunocompetent - normal

94
Q

What is the cell tropism for CSF?

A

RE system and endothelial cells

95
Q

What kind of disease is CSF?

A

acute febrile hemorrhagic disease

96
Q

What virus family has 2 nucleocapsids?

A

reoviridae

97
Q

What is the genome of reoviridae?

A

DS RNA, segmented

98
Q

What is the cell tropism for reoviridae besides rotaviruses?

A

lymphoid tissues (arboviruses)

99
Q

What are the arboviruses of the reoviridae family?

A

african horse sickness, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease

100
Q

What are the 2 forms of african horse sickness virus?

A

acute - pulmonary, high mortality, colic-like

chronc - cardiac, fever and edema

101
Q

What is the cell tropism for AHSV?

A

lymphoid tissue and RE system

102
Q

What is the cell tropism for bluetongue virus?

A

hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells

103
Q

What kind of disease is bluetongue?

A

subclinical to severe febrile vascular dz

104
Q

What species are affected by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus?

A

deer and cattle

105
Q

How is rotavirus managed?

A

sanitation and vaccination

106
Q

What species does rotavirus affect?

A

neonatal pigs calves, foals and lambs

“milk scours”

107
Q

What family are foot and mouth and swine vesicular dz?

A

picornaviridae

108
Q

How can foot and mouth dz be spread?

A

respiratory - over great distances

oral route

109
Q

Why is foot and mouth so economically damaging?

A

persistant infection, morbidity loss

110
Q

What virus family makes 2 mRNAs from a negative sense template?

A

caliciviridae

111
Q

What 2 dzs is feline calicivirus similar to?

A

FHV1 and chlamydia

112
Q

What kind of disease does calcivirus cause in cats?

A

acute respiratory, persistant infection

113
Q

How is vesicular exanthema of swine virus transmitted?

A

mechanically by hematopinus suis

oral route

114
Q

What is the resevoir for vesciluar exanthema of swine?

A

san miguel sea lion virus

115
Q

What are the 4 non-enveloped RNA viruses?

A

picornaviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae and birnaviridae

116
Q

What are the 4 segmented RNA viruses?

A

reo, birna, ortho, bunya

UI 607 Virology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions