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UI 607 Virology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does the genome of retroviridae look like?

A

ss RNA, + sense, DIPLOID

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2
Q

What gene in retroviridae codes for the capsid protein?

A

gag = group sepecific antigen

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3
Q

What are the two modes of transmission of retroviridae?

A

endogenous (provirus) - vertically

exogenous (provirus or episome) - horizontally and vertically

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4
Q

What are the two outcomes of horizontal transmission of retroviridae?

A

immunocompetent - persistent infection

immunoincompetent - clinical dz

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5
Q

What are the two outcomes of vertical transmission of retroviridae?

A

immunoINcompetetent - immuno tolerant

viremia - persistant productive - clinical dz

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6
Q

How does avian leukosis transform cells?

A

slowly,mainly B cells

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7
Q

What are the 3 disease forms of avian leukosis?

A

visceral lymphomatosis, osteopetrosis, renal tumors

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8
Q

What way is avian leukosis transmitted to cause tumors?

A

have to be vertically transmitted

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9
Q

What virus needs avian leukosis to help it replicate?

A

avian sarcoma virus

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10
Q

What is the cell tropism for bovine leukemia virus?

A

b lymphos

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11
Q

What are the 3 ways BLV is transmitted?

A

shed virus, mechanic vectors in blood, transplacental

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12
Q

What are the ways in which avian leukosis is transmitted?

A

horizontal - saliva (inefficient)

vertical - congenital

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13
Q

What is expressed on cells transformed by FeLV? Why is it important?

A

FOCMA (feline oncovirus associated cell membrane antigen) –> induces ADCC –> prevents tumor formation of other cells

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14
Q

What are the two cell tropisms for FeLV?

A

myeloid (WBC)

thrombocytes

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15
Q

What test can detect both the 1st and 2nd viremic phase of FeLV?

A

Elisa-Ag

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16
Q

What test can only detect FeLV after bone marrow infection?

A

Hardy’s test

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17
Q

When does FeLV start shedding from epithelial surfaces?

A

4 weeks PI

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18
Q

What is the most frequent outcome of FeLV clinically?

A

degenerative dz - shut down of BM, young cats

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19
Q

What happens when cats survive degenerative form of FeLV?

A

proliferative dz - lymphosarcoma, thymic form

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20
Q

What are the 3 retroviruses in small ruminants?

A

visna - wasting
maedi - dyspnea, ovine progressive pneumonia
caprine arthritis - encephalitis

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21
Q

What are the manifestations of caprine arthritis in kids and adults?

A

Kids (2-4m) - neurological dz, ascending paralysis

adults - arthritis, mastitis, resp dz

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22
Q

What is the common name for EIA?

A

swamp fever

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23
Q

What happens if horses recover from EIA?

A

persistant productive infection

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24
Q

What happens clinically in the acute stage of FIV?

A

gneralized lymphadenopathy, neutropenia

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25
Is there a vaccine fo FIV?
yes but not DIVA compatible
26
What 2 viruses are in the rhabdoviridae family?
rabies and vesicular stomatitis virus
27
What is unique about the rhabdoviridae physical characteristics?
enveloped, bullet shaped,
28
What is the VAP for rhabdoviridae?
G protein
29
What is the cell tropism for rabies?
neurons, secretory epithelium
30
How is rhabdoviridae transmitted?
horizontally thru skin or mucosal lesions
31
How does rabies get to the brain?
via AcH receptors - sensory o motor nerves into CNS
32
What are the two forms of rabies virus?
furious form - encephalitis, hydrophobia | dumb form - depression, seizures
33
What molecules do orthomyxoviridae viruses have an affinity to?
mucopolysacchardies and glycoproteins containing sialic acid
34
What type of genome does orthomyxoviridae have? Where does it replicate?
ss RNA - sense, but replicates in nucleus
35
What glycoproteins of orthomyxoviridae aid in uncoating?
hemagglutinin (H)
36
What glycoproteins of orthomyxoviridae help free progey from the cell and cleave sialic acid?
neuraminidase (N)
37
What glycoprotein of orthomyxo is the neutralization targe as well as determines virulence?
hemagglutinin (H)
38
What is the cell tropism for orthomyxo?
dictated by cell receptors and cellular proteases Resp epithelium of birds and mammals GI epithelium in birds only
39
What type of antigenic diversity results in epizootics and panzootics?
antigenic shift
40
How often should horses be vaccinated against equine influenza?
3 to 6 months
41
How is avian influenza categorized by virulence? (3)
genotype (H), phenotype and bioassay
42
What is a modern concern with avian influenza certain pathotype?
HPAI H5N1 may adapt to humans
43
What makes HPAI so virulent? (high pathogenic avian influenza)
can be cleaved by many different cellular proteases
44
What 4 viruses are in the paramyxoviridae family?
newcastle, bovine parainfluenza, canine distemper, bovine respiratory syncytial virus
45
What is the difference in genome between paramyxo and orthomyxo?
paramyxo is not segmented
46
What surface glycoprotein of paramyxo mediates viral attachment?
hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
47
What surface glycoprotein has a key role in pathogensis of paramyxo?
fusion (F) protein - viral penetration, synctia
48
What surface glycoprotein in paramyxo requires cellular proteolytic cleavage to become active?
fusion (F) protein
49
What protein of paramyxo links nucleocapsids to cell membrane during replication?
matrix protein
50
How does paramyxo exit the cell?
budding
51
What are the 3 cell tropisms for paramyxo?
respiratory, GI, neurons (CDV and NDV) | all restricted by F protein (cleavage)
52
What are the 4 forms of newcastle dz? What kind of strains do they represent?
pneumotropic - lento or mesogenic strain enterotropic (velogenic) neurotropic - chronic viscerotropic (exotic)
53
What does newcastle dz cause in other animals?
self limiting influenza like dz
54
How can newcastle be transmitted?
horizontally | vertically - transovarian
55
What is the vaccine for bovine parainfluenza?
bovine PI-3
56
What is the differential dx for canine distemper?
ICH
57
What is the pathogenesis of canine distempe?
viremia --> pantropic infection --> immunodeficiency, viral induced hypogammaglobulinemia
58
What is the pathognomic sign of the enteric form of canine distemper?
inclusion bodies in UTI epithelium
59
What are the clinical signs and sequelae of canine distemper?
bubble gum seizures sequelae - old dog encephalitis hard pad dz
60
What protein in coronaviridae gives the virus its characteristic shape?
S glycoprotein - club shaped peplomers
61
What are the 3 jobs of the S protein in coronaviridae?
VAP, penetration, syncytia formation
62
Where does coronaviridae get it's envelope? How does it exit cell?
RER/golgi, then exocytosis
63
What is the cell tropism for coronaviridae?
resp and GI, can do CNS
64
What is the cell tropism for FIP?
resp epithelium, enterocytes | systemic spread thru macrophages
65
What excacerbates the immune complexes in FIP?
antibody dependent enhancement of infectivity - uptake of IC by macrophages
66
What is the pathogenesis of classical FIP? (wet form)
IC --> complement --> chemotaxis of macros -->vascular permability --> emigration of PMNs and proteins --> vasculitis
67
What immune response is seen with dry FIP? wet FIP?
dry - humoral but only partial CMI response | wet - strong humora, weak CMI
68
What is the hallmark feature of wet FIP?
peritoneal and pleural effusion
69
What porcine virus infects villous enterocytes of both small and large intestine?
PEDV
70
What are the three clinical manifestations of bovine coronavirus?
neonatal diarrhea in calves winter dysentery (6 mo to adults) resp dz in calves and shipping fever
71
What family of viruses is avian infectious bronchitis virus?
coronaviridae
72
Why is AIBV economically important? (avian infectious bronchitis)
reproductive problems in roosters, persistant infection, highly contagious, high mortality, decreased egg production
73
What are the viral characteristics of arteriviridae?
enveloped, ss RNA + sense
74
What is the cell tropism for arteriviridae?
macrophages
75
If a virus has cell tropism for WBCs, what are the possible results?
systemic infection vertical transmission arbovirus
76
What is the cell tropism for equine arteritis virus in particular?
muscle cells of small arteries --> edema, hemorrhage
77
What are 3 other viruses equine arterivirus should be differentiated from?
EHV-1, EHV4, equine influenza
78
What is the cell tropism for PRRSV?
macrophages and testicular germ cells
79
Where is PRRSV able to persist in swine? When?
alveolar macrophages, 8 weeks PI
80
What is the control recommended for PRRSV?
vaccine
81
What family of viruses is cahce valley virus?
bunyaviridae
82
What is the cell tropism for cache valley?
CNS, musculoskeletal
83
What are the modes of transmission of cache valley virus?
horizontal - arbovirus | vertical - transplacental
84
What family of viruses is EEEV, WEEV and VEEV?
togaviridae
85
What family of viruses is BVDV, CSF, and West nile?
flaviviridae
86
What is the cell tropism for togaviridae?
neurons
87
What is the cell tropism for flaviviridae?
pestivirus - lymphoid tissue, mucosal epithelium | flavi - neurons
88
What is the pathogenesis of EEEV?
biphasic fever, neuron destruction
89
What is important in immunity against BVDV?
mucosal immunity
90
How does BVDV cause mucosal disease?
PI animal infected with cytopathic virus
91
If a calf is infected with BVDV between 0 and 150 days of gestation with CP what happens?
death of fetus
92
What happens if calf is infected with BVDV non cytopathic type between 0 and 150 days?
persisitantly infected animal - congenital anomolies, weak
93
What happens if calf is infected with BVDV non cytopathic type from 150 days on?
immunocompetent - normal
94
What is the cell tropism for CSF?
RE system and endothelial cells
95
What kind of disease is CSF?
acute febrile hemorrhagic disease
96
What virus family has 2 nucleocapsids?
reoviridae
97
What is the genome of reoviridae?
DS RNA, segmented
98
What is the cell tropism for reoviridae besides rotaviruses?
lymphoid tissues (arboviruses)
99
What are the arboviruses of the reoviridae family?
african horse sickness, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease
100
What are the 2 forms of african horse sickness virus?
acute - pulmonary, high mortality, colic-like | chronc - cardiac, fever and edema
101
What is the cell tropism for AHSV?
lymphoid tissue and RE system
102
What is the cell tropism for bluetongue virus?
hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells
103
What kind of disease is bluetongue?
subclinical to severe febrile vascular dz
104
What species are affected by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus?
deer and cattle
105
How is rotavirus managed?
sanitation and vaccination
106
What species does rotavirus affect?
neonatal pigs calves, foals and lambs | "milk scours"
107
What family are foot and mouth and swine vesicular dz?
picornaviridae
108
How can foot and mouth dz be spread?
respiratory - over great distances | oral route
109
Why is foot and mouth so economically damaging?
persistant infection, morbidity loss
110
What virus family makes 2 mRNAs from a negative sense template?
caliciviridae
111
What 2 dzs is feline calicivirus similar to?
FHV1 and chlamydia
112
What kind of disease does calcivirus cause in cats?
acute respiratory, persistant infection
113
How is vesicular exanthema of swine virus transmitted?
mechanically by hematopinus suis | oral route
114
What is the resevoir for vesciluar exanthema of swine?
san miguel sea lion virus
115
What are the 4 non-enveloped RNA viruses?
picornaviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae and birnaviridae
116
What are the 4 segmented RNA viruses?
reo, birna, ortho, bunya

UI 607 Virology (2 decks)

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