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18th-19th Century Art History > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Rococo

A

Patrons were the monarchy, aristocrats, or the church
Style of Interior design
Many reflections from all the details
Profusely decorated walls
Arabesques, S-shapes, Cupids, clouds,
Themes of sensuality, luxury,
Fete Galante - Garden parties
Lack of Clarity, Spiraling movement, dynamic
Pastel colors, playful, curves, gold, witty, superficial, immoral, erotic, flowing brushstrokes, drama, theatrical, motherhood, women = godesses

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2
Q

Reactions to Rococo

A

Believed Rococo was immoral
art should inspire virtue and purify manners
Historical paintings
Ordinary people being ordinary
English believed French were immoral so they became super moral

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3
Q

Neoclassicism

A

Classical and Renaissance past in Italy
inspired patriotism, dignity, honor
Compositions are symmetrical, lack depth,
simplicity, frozen forms, control, reserved emotion, cool colors, clarity, accuracy
“noble simplicity and calm grandeur”
Celebrates universal and high-minded
Enlightenment values including socials change, natural beauty, science

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4
Q

Romanticism

A

Life isn’t rosy like Rococo, nor rational like Neoclassical
Celebrates the individual and the subjects
Themes similar to those of novellas, stories, and poems
fantasy, remote time or place, fear of the unknown, supernatural, dramatic, imaginary, exotic, and irrational subjects, Sublime, Heroes, and subconscious, and nostalgia, uncontrollable nature, death
Current event, loose brushwork, off-balance composition, dramatic lighting, emotional, passionate, imaginative, mysterious, satanic, uncontrollable nature,

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5
Q

Realism

A

“representation of object which the artist can see and touch”
“abstract object, invisible and nonexistent, does not belong to painting”
World plagued by violence, social unrest, overcrowding, and poverty
Dull, dark colors, awkward poses, stilted compositions, realistic, gloomy, degrading, working class, political agenda, ugly truth, earth tones,
Objective, no emotion, no imaginary beings

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6
Q

Impressionism

A 
Instantaneity
Element of light, Moment in painting
Upper middle class at leisure
Fast, open brushstrokes
Unfinished look, flat works, asymmetrical, landscapes, prismatic color
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7
Q

Copley
rococo?
USA

A

WATSON AND THE SHARK
Painted portraits
Contemporary history
Trying to show they are intelligent and interesting

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8
Q

Watteau
Rococo
France

A 
EMBARKATION FOR CYTHERA
Fluent brushstrokes, Rich colors
Painted for aristocrats
Themes of love, not always real humans, 
Fete Galante - Elegant Garden Party
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9
Q

Boucher
Rococo
France

A

GIRL RECLINING
Painted for the king
Themes of mythology, portraits, scenes of daily life, erotic works

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10
Q

Fragonard
Rococo
France

A

THE SWING

Themes of Sensuality, sense of humor

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11
Q

Clodion
Rococo
France

A

INVENTION OF THE BALLOON
Erotic table-top sculpture
unpainted terra-cotta

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12
Q

Carriera
Rococo
Italy

A

Portraits for wealthy

Used mainly pastels

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13
Q

Canaletto
Rococo
Italy

A

Painted city views of Venice (postcard)

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14
Q

Benjamin West
Neoclassic
England

A

DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE

History paintings > contemporary history

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14
Q

Mengs
Neoclassic
France

A

Pernassus
Themes: Classical mythology,
Compositions are symmetrical, pyramidal, lacking depth

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15
Q

Canova
Neoclassical
Italy

A

Grand public monuments for Europe’s leaders / Erotic mythological subjects Sculpture

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16
Q

Hogarth
Neoclassical
English

A

Trained as a portrait painter
Believed art should educate morals
Made his own novels out of paintings (4-6)

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17
Q

Reynolds
Neoclassical
English

A

LADY SARAH BUNBURY SACRIFICING TO THE GRACES

Grand Manner - portraits set in historical or mythological times

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18
Q

Gainsborough
Rococo
English

A

combined portraits and landscapes

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19
Q

Angelica Kauffmann
Neoclassic
England

A

CORNILIA POINTING TO HER CHILDREN AS HER TREASURES
History paintings, Classical subjects
Neoclassical theme - Good mother
art should teach morals

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20
Q

Fuseli
Romantic
English

A

THE NIGHTMARE
History painter, but specialized in dramatic subjects
Supernatural, irrational subjects, fear of the unknown

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21
Q

William Blake
Romantic
English

A

NEWTON
Dramatic, weird, different art style
Believed the rules at the academy blocked creativity
Nature of good and evil
Elements from the Bible, Greek mythology, and British legend
was thought to be crazy

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22
Q

Soufflot
Neoclassical
France

A

PANTHEON in paris

23
Q

Chardin
Reaction to Rococo
France

A 
THE GOVERNESS
Genre painting
Touching scenes of everyday middle class life
24
Q

Greuze

Reaction to Rococo

A

Melodrama

Highly emotional, theatrical, and moralizing

25
Q

Vigee-Lebrun
Rococo
France

A

MARIE ANTOINETTE WITH HER CHILDREN
Queen Marie Antoinette’s portrait painter
“Good mother” theme

26
Q

David
Neoclassical
France

A

OATH OF THE HORATII
Severely plain paintings
Masculine and patriotism
Propaganda for Napoleon

27
Q

Girodet-Trioson
Neoclassical
France

A

Restrained color and composition

28
Q

Labille-Guiard
Rococo
France

A

SELF-PORTRAIT WITH TWO PUPILS

29
Q

Houdon
Neoclassical
France

A

Classical manner, contemporary clothes

30
Q

Goya
Romantic
Spain

A

SLEEP OF REASON PRODUCES MONSTERS

Current event, loose brushwork, off-balance composition, dramatic lighting, sarcastic, satire

31
Q

Gericault
Romantic
France

A

THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA
Contemporary history
Dynamic, exaggerated, movement, energetic

32
Q

Delacroix
Romantic
France

A

Contemporary history

Interested in color

33
Q

Rude
Romantic
France

A

Departure of the Volunteers of 1972

34
Q

Ingres
Romantic
France

A

Subject matter is Romantic but format is Neoclassical
abstracted figures for composition
Sensual, erotic, exotic odalisque

35
Q

Daumier
Realist
France

A

Satirical lithographs

Criticized all professions

36
Q

Constable
Romantic
England

A

THE HAY WAIN
Landscapes
Dullish color
Nostalgic

37
Q

Turner
Romantic
England

A

Landscapes / seascapes with historical subjects
Freer brushwork, bright colors, drama,
expressed emotions

38
Q

Cole
Romantic
United States

A

The Oxbow

Landscapes

39
Q

Friedrich
Romantic
Germany

A

Landscape to achieve spiritual revelation

40
Q

Courbet
Realist
France

A

THE STONEBREAKERS
Large paintings of lower class peasants
Political statement, liked to provoke
Dull, dark colors, awkward poses, stilted compositions
Realistic, gloomy and degrading
didn’t follow academic rules for composition

41
Q

Millet
Realist
France

A

no political agenda

Interested in poor people

42
Q

Carot
Romantic
France

A

Historical landscapes > naturalistic landscapes

feathery brushwork,

43
Q

Bonheur
Romantic
France

A

woman painter

44
Q

Manet
Realist / Impressionist
France

A 
Commitment to Realism
Scandalous - Immorality
Modern urban life
middle class in contemporary life
influenced by photography
45
Q

Repin
Realist
Russia

A

Bargehaulers on the Volga

Peasant

46
Q

Eakins
Realist
USA

A

THE GROSS CLINIC

Interested in Anatomy

47
Q

Homer
Realism
USA

A

THE LIFE LINE

48
Q

Lewis
Realist
USA

A

FOREVER FREE

49
Q

Tanner
Realist
USA

A

THE BANJO LESSON

African American subject matter

50
Q

Monet
Impressionist
France

A

Fast, open brushstrokes
Unfinished look, Moment in painting, Modern painting style, Pure unmixed color directly onto canvas, Capture the play of light quickly, landscape

51
Q

Pissarro
Impressionist
France

A

WOODED LANDSCAPE AT L’HERMITAGE
Urban life meets the rural
light color, intense hues, loose brushstrokes
Qualities of light

52
Q

Renoir
Impressionist
France

A

MOULIN DE LA GALETTE
Figure painting
upper middle class at leisure
Happy, joyful images

53
Q

Cassatt
Impressionist
USA / France

A

Focused on figures
domestic and social life of upper-middle class women
flat works

54
Q

Morison
Impressionist
France

A 
domestic and social life of upper-middle class women
flattened works, visible brushwork
55
Q

Degas
Impressionism
France

A

Themes and styles were most similar to Manet than Impressionist
Ballet dancers

18th-19th Century Art History (5 decks)

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