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Core > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Am yisrael

A

Translation: the nation of Israel

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2
Q

Hannukah

A

165 BCE, Maccabees reconquered the beit ha mikdash
The war didn’t end, Maccabees cleaned up but had to keep fighting

NOW: celebrate by eating fired food in honor of the oil so we can get fatter

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3
Q

Eretz Yisrael

A

Translation: land of Israel

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4
Q

Kiddush HaShem

A

Sanctifying God’s name -> dying in the name of God

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5
Q

Tanach

A

Torah Neviim Ketuvim

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6
Q

Shabbat

A

Friday to Saturday Jewish day of rest

If u don’t know this go back to America sorry

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7
Q

Torah

A

nigga please if you don’t know this I wish u luck

“5 books of Moses” Jewish holy book which details stories from creation to the time when Jews return to Israel

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8
Q

Neviim

A

Prophets - second book in the Tanach

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9
Q

Ketuvim

A

Writings - 3rd part of Tanach

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10
Q

Pesach, Shavuot, sukkot

A

Three holidays on which people made pilgrimage to the beit ha mikdash

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11
Q

Pesach

A

Aka Passover - spring holiday which celebrates Jews exodus from Egypt, pilgrimage holiday

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12
Q

Shavuot

A

Spring holiday which celebrates receiving the Torah on mount Sinai, pilgrimage holiday

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13
Q

Sukkot

A

Fall holiday which celebrates the harvest, pilgrimage holiday

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14
Q

Archaeology

A

“the scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics, artifacts, and monuments) of past human life and activities”

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15
Q

Tel

A

Examples : Tel Gezer, Tel meggido

An Unnatural mound which develops over the course of the years from debris from settlements built on top of each other

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16
Q

strata

A

Individual layers that each represent a period of a certain settlement, found while excavating a site

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17
Q

Destruction layer

A

a stratum found in an archaeological site showing evidence of the hiding and burial of valuables, the presence of widespread fire, mass murder, unburied corpses, loose weapons in public places, or other evidence of destruction, either by natural causes or military action.

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18
Q

Tisha B’Av

A

The worst day in Jewish history - if something bad happened, it happened on Tisha b’av

The destruction of both temples, Jews got kicked out of Spain, etch

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19
Q

Christianity

A

A religion which sprung out of a small branch of Jews, based on the idea that Jesus was the messiah and he will return to save the world.

4 gospels- Mathew, Luke john and mark

Main people: Jesus (obviously), Mathew, who wrote the lineage of Jesus that appears to be doctored, John the Baptist (who appears as if he is Elijah- hes a Baptist, like the Mikvah), shaui who originally hated Christians but converted and spread the belief after a vision. He essentially rewrote the history in order to sell the religion

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20
Q

Saul (Christianity)

A

A Jew who hated Christians and was on his way to Damascus to slaughter them, when he had a vision and changed his mind. He converted to Christianity, and spread Jesus. He made the rule that keeping the Torah laws was bad and considered a sin, and made Jesus into the “son of God”

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21
Q

Jesus

A

A Jew who spread many Pharisee teachings, he was killed by the Roman procurators HOWEVER the new testament says that he was killed by Jews.
States that he wants to confirm all Torah teachings
Many of his teachings were essentially quoting Rabbi Hiller
The messiah in Christian belief
Gave The Sermon on the Mount

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22
Q

Potential problems in the story of Jesus

A
  • The Sanhedrin can’t meet on festivals, but it is specifically stated that it was Passover when the Sanhedrin met
  • Sanhedrin also can’t meet at night or when they’ve been drinking
  • He wasn’t being tried for something real
  • They ask if he is “the son of God” which was not a Jewish concept
  • In the second trial, the Jews have a chance to save Jesus but don’t. This goes against Jewish philosophy
  • The Romans wouldn’t have asked what to do with him, they have authority and do what they wish
  • Jews wouldn’t ask for a crucifixion- its not a Jewish belief
  • LINEAGE: It skips from listing Josephs relatives and then says that he was HUSBAND of Jesus’ mother, not that he was Jesus’ father
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23
Q

Beit HaMikdash

A

Jewish temple where sacrifices were preformed - the cotel is what is left of the outer western wall of the temple.

It was destroyed twice, once by Babylonians and once by Titus and the Romans

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24
Q

Beit Kinesset

A

Real translation: house of meeting

This is the word for a Shul

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25
Q

Witness theory

A

Theory proposed by St. Augustine which said that Jews are like Cain who was left with a mark after murdering his brother, Able. Augustine says that Jews should be tormented and tortured like Cain, but that they are not to be killed because they should have to suffer on earth witnessing Catholicism flourish
This was not repealed by the catholic church until the 1900s

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26
Q

Vision of Dry Bones

A

A story about the prophet Ezekiel - while in Babylon, he dreams of dry, dead bones which he must make grow flesh and skin and bring back to life.
represents the people of Israel -> they are like dry bones, because they feel finished and have given up. It is Ezekiel job to revive their faith and give them hope

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27
Q

Blood libel

A

A stereotype/belief about Jews that began in the middle ages in Norwich, England when a young boy died before Passover. It was declared that the Jews had murdered him for his blood which they needed to bake matzo with
(made it easier to spread anti Semitism and hatred afterwards as well).

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28
Q

Host Desecration

A

Belief that Jews snuck into churches at night to stab the “Host” - the wafers that represent Jesus’ body during communion

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29
Q

Shivat Zion

A

Return to Zion - took place 536 BCE

KNOW YOUR DATES BITCHES

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30
Q

Sanhedrin

A

Jewish High court. Housed in many places over the years, including the Beit HaMikdash, Yavne, Beit Sherrie and Tzipori

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31
Q

Hellenism

A

polytheistic Greek religion and culture. They used bathhouses for hanging out, spoke Greek, very interested in architecture, astronomy, physics, bio, physics, etc.
Israel was introduced to Hellenistic culture when it was taken over by the Greeks

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32
Q

Gymnasium

A

Referring to the fact that Hellenistic culture had a huge emphasis on physical activity, which Jews often chose to exclude themselves from because they competed naked, which would force Jews to show off their circumcised dicks.
IE - “Naked in the gymnasium”

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33
Q

Islam

A

Founded in 622 CE with the Hejira- the flight from Mecca to Medina.
Based on the idea that Muhammad was the last prophet of god, called Allah in Islam.

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34
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A
  1. 5 times of prayer a day - called Salat
  2. Declaration of faith - shahada
  3. Once in a life time pilgrimage to Mecca - Hajj
  4. Keeping the month fast of Ramadan
  5. Giving of alms to charity - zakat
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35
Q

Koran

A

Muslim holy book

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36
Q

mosque

A

Where Muslims pray

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37
Q

Jihad

A

Muslim holy war - it means war to spread or defend the faith

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38
Q

Al-Dhimmi

A 
PROTECTED Second class citizen in Muslim culture - both Jews and Christians were Al-Dhimmi 
note: can also be called just Dhimmi
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39
Q

Mecca

A

Most holy city to Muslims - this is where Muhammad technically founded Islam, And is where the Kaaba stands

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40
Q

Halacha

A

Jewish law

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41
Q

Teffilin

A

Small black boxes that Jewish men wear during prayer containing Torah verses

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42
Q

Mikva

A

Ritual bath in a pool containing a certain portion of natural water. These are used for purification after something has made you impure, as well as conversion

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43
Q

Midrash

A

rabbis interpretations/ stories which help provide insight and explanations to Torah stories

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44
Q

Mitzvot

A

Commandments - there are 613 of these laid out in the Torah

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45
Q

Mashiach/messiah

A

The belief of a person who will come and “deliver” the Jewish people
It is said that Eliyahu ha navi will come back to announce the coming of the messiah

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46
Q

Kotel

A

Western wall- what is left of the outer wall of the 2nd temple

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47
Q

Antiochus’ decrees

A

Prohibited Jews from:

  • keeping Shabbat
  • reading Torah
  • circumcision
  • celebrating Rosh Kodesh
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48
Q

Hasmonean revolt

A

Also known as the Maccabean revolt. Took place in 168 BCE, it was lead by the Hasmonian family.
The father of the family was Mattityahu, who lead a small group of Jewish rebels (lead by his sons, Juda, yochanan, Simon, Elazar and Jonathan)
It was during this revolt that the rule was made that you can break Shabbat for the sake of saving another’s life

The rebels reconquer Jerusalem for themselves in 165 -> first Hanukah -> the war didn’t end there, and the Maccabees were forced to keep fighting

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49
Q

Hasmonean dynasty

A

Following the revolt, the Hasmoneans were made rulers of Israel.
Shimon the Macabe was made the high priest, and it essentially turned into a monarchy. His son John Hyrcanus followed him as an official king.
-his son Alexander became king after him
-he leaves it up to his sons who fight over the kinship -> they ask the Romans to decide and instead the Romans take over, losing the kinship for the family

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50
Q

Monotheism

A

Belief in one god

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51
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in many gods

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52
Q

Enuma Elish

A

Babylonian creation story which describes how the earth was created out of the body of a God who had been killed by other gods, and how the human race was created as an afterthought only to serve other Gods

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53
Q

Sinat chinam

A

Hate for free- the idea that the Jews could have won if they had stood up together, but instead they were too busy hating each other to join together

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54
Q

Akedat Yischak

A

Binding of Isaac in the Torah story Vayikra.
God commands Abraham to take his “son, his favorite son” to be sacrificed on top of mount Mariah. As Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac, an angel stops him and gives him a sheep to kill instead

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55
Q

Yeshiva

A

School for Torah and Talmud study

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56
Q

Responsa

A

Letters written between rabbis and people

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57
Q

Crusades

A

Began in 1096 - catholic attempt to reconcure israel from Muslim rule. Along the way, crusaders massacred both Muslims and Jews. Not particularly successful, and crusade strongholds fell because each person was from a different country and didn’t have communication. In addition, they never learned to farm or keep up with the land because they didn’t intend to stay.

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58
Q

Ashkenazim

A

Jews whose heritage comes from “ashkenaz” countries of Germany and France (and other more Eastern European nations)

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59
Q

Yiddish

A

The language which was spoken by Ashkenazim. It is a mixture of hebrew, German and polish.

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60
Q

Speradim

A

JEWS whose heretics traces back to those of spherad countries of Morocco and Spain

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61
Q

Ladino

A

The speradi language which is a mixture of hebrew and Spanish

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62
Q

Spanish Inquisition

A

1492, When the Spanish decided to kick out all Jews and Muslims who wouldn’t convert. Many Jews converted, others left and others faked conversion while inwardly practicing their religion

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63
Q

Morannos

A

Spanish for pig. The name for people who faked conversion during the Spanish Inquisition. If found out, the people would be killed

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64
Q

Kabbalah

A

Jewish mysticism - center: tzfat

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65
Q

Zohar

A

One of the main kabbalistic books, written by rabbi Simon bar yochai

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66
Q

Shulchan Aruch

A

Literally: set table
It was a list of laws laid out simply and in an organized manner
Written by Rabbi Joseph Caro

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67
Q

Letcha Dodi

A

kabbalat Shabbat prayer written in tzfat by Shlomo HaLevi

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68
Q

Tikkun Olam

A

Means repairing the world. Good deeds and charity, kabbalah says it depends a lot on Cavanah - intention

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69
Q

kehillah

A

community

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70
Q

Tzedaka

A

Charity - comes from the root of Tzadik, meaning righteous

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71
Q

Chassidism

A

Started by Israel Ben Eliezer. Chasidism brought in Jews who felt lost and powerless because they couldn’t study Torah all day. Has an emphasis on celebration and joy, praise god through singing and dancing

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72
Q

Shenit Masada Lo Tipol

A

Masada will not fall again

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73
Q

Bar Kochba revolt

A

Bar Kochba means son of a star. The revolt took place from 132 to 135, CE. People identified Bar Kochaba (originally named Bar Kosba) as the Messiah, and he lead them in a revolt against the Romans. It was fought mainly from inside hiding spots in caves, because it was impossible to fight Romans in a battlefield.
The rebellion ended when the emperor Hadrian brought in a Scottish general who defeated the Jewish forces and killed Kochba

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74
Q

Brit

A

Covenant

Example: Gods covenant with Abraham which guaranteed that his dependents would be as numerous as that sand and the stars

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75
Q

Alia Capitolina

A

Roman capitol built on top of Jerusalem

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76
Q

Fertile crescent

A

a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, the Nile Valley and Nile Delta of northeast Africa

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77
Q

Mishna

A 
Written by Yehuda HaNasi in 200 CE - first actual written down part of the Oral Torah 
Organized systematically in 6 sections 
-Agricultural 
-festivals 
-property/damages
-male/female interactions
-laws of purity and impurity
-laws of the beit ha mikdash
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78
Q

United monarchy

A

1025 to 928, when all of Israel was united. Kings included Saul, David and Solomon

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79
Q

Beit midrash

A

Halls for studying talmud

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80
Q

Gemera

A

Comments on the mishna

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81
Q

Divided monarchy

A

Happened under the kinship of Rechavam, who was intense and harsh on the Israelites. Jereboam led a revolt, and split the kingdom into two northern Israel and Judea

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82
Q

Talmud

A

Mishna and Gemara
Babylonian - 500
Jerusalem- 400

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83
Q

shtetl

A

Small, almost exclusively Jewish villages in Poland and Russia

84
Q

Pogrom

A

Acts of violence against the Jews, breaking and destroying shops, setting things on fire etc - EX Kishenev Pogrom

85
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

1917 - declared that Britain would support the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine

86
Q

Moses Mendleson

A

Took on the surname mendleson from “ben Mendel” - made it so he could could communicate more with gentiles.
He wore European style clothes and was clean shaven- didn’t LOOK like an orthodox Jew
He translated Torah and commentary into German, so German Jews could read it and LEARN German from comparing it to the original Hebrew they were familiar with

87
Q

emancipation

A

The process of acquiring equal rights

88
Q

Napoleans Sanhedrin

A

1806 gathering of religious and secular Jews in paris, napoleon asked them questions about their integration into France as Jews
He wanted the Jews to pledge allegiance to Francee and have Judaism be just a religion

89
Q

Reform Judaism

A

Created by Abraham Geiger, who wanted to reform Judaism. He made oral and written tradition less important, and observance optional.
Prayers in German - disconnected from the rest of the worlds Jews
Implemented the word “temple” which implies that yay dint need the beit ha mikdash and can pray anywhere

90
Q

Conservative Judaism

A

Created out of the reform movement by Zechariah Frankel, it was originally called historical Judaism. His student Solomon Schechter decided that the movement should make decisions - aka, conservative rabbis should decide halacha
Allowed Judaism to change but only slowly and with respect to halacha

91
Q

Modern orthadox

A

Originally called neo-orthodox, it was created by Rabbi Samson Hirsh. He encouraged the study of non religious subjects in addition to religious ones.

92
Q

Rothschild

A

Extremely rich French Jew, he financed the first Alia.- particularly the Moshava Mazkeret Batya. He saw Israel as a business investment and intended to make money out of his financing

93
Q

Cantonist laws

A

Entitled Russian army to call Jewish boys into army service for up to 25 years of service without any visits home or vacations, beginning at the age of 8.

Many people intentionally maimed their children so that they wouldn’t be called to the army

94
Q

Pale of settlement

A

The areas which Jews were allowed to settle in under the Russian tzars

95
Q

Pogroms

A

Acts of violence against Jews

96
Q

Old Yeshuv

A

The people who had been living in Israel prior to the first aliya

97
Q

Four holy cities

A 
Hebron
-dirt
-connection to our ancestors (cave of Machpela)
Jerusalem
-fire 
-passion & 2nd temple rebuilding 
Tiberias
-water
-the flow of knowledge
 Tzfat
-air
-kabbalah/clean air
98
Q

Chaim Bialik

A

Author of City of Slaughter, wrote Children’s poems in Hebrew so they could learn

99
Q

City of Slaughter

A

Bialik’s poem about the Kishenev pogrom

100
Q

AD Gordon

A

Labor Zionism

101
Q

David Ben Gurion

A

First prime minister of Israel, changed his name from David Gruen to ben Gurdon to sound more “Hebrew”

102
Q

Tel Aviv

A

A city founded in 1909 because new immigrants had been living in Yaffo, a Muslim city. It was the first “Hebrew” city, separate from tradition or religion.

103
Q

Neve Tzedek

A

Means oasis of Justice
It was the first Jewish neighborhood outside of yafo
Right next to Tel Aviv

104
Q

Yosef Trumpledor

A

Revisionist Zionism, set up Zionist Mule core

105
Q

Dreyfus Trial

A

The Dreyfus affair- he was a French Jew in the French army who was accused of treason. He was found guilty even though there was no proof, and eventually they found who had really done it. This was an example of antisemetism

106
Q

Theodore Hertzel

A

Zionist leader - he was the leader of Political Zionism, led the first Zionist conference in 1897.

107
Q

Der Judenstaaat

A

The Jewish state - pamphlet written by Theodore Hertzel

108
Q

Altneuland

A

Old New Land by Theodore hertz - the name Tel Aviv was taken from this

109
Q

World Zionist conference

A

Took place in 1897 in Basel - led by Theodore hertzel

110
Q

Basel

A

Where the first world Zionist conference was held

111
Q

Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook

A

Religious zionism

112
Q

Zeev Jabotinsky

A

Revisionist Zionism - you must fight for the state

113
Q

Eliezer Ben Yehuda

A

Made the first modern Hebrew dictionary.- the father of modern herbew.
He was a cultural zionist

114
Q

Ached Ha’ Am (Asher Ginsburg)

A

Cultural Zionism - you can’t create the state without building the states culture first

115
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

1917 - it stated that England would support the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine

116
Q

Uganda

A

Offered up to be the home of a Jewish state instead of Israel. It was rejected (obviously)

117
Q

Chaim Weisman

A

Developed acetone, created Weisman science institute in rehovot, was president of the Zionist organization

118
Q

McMahon letter

A

British letter which made promises to Arabs of a state of Palestine. Similar to Balfour declaration - British made many different agreements and promises regarding the land at the same time

119
Q

Trench

A

Archeologist’ deep incision into a Tel

120
Q

Astarte

A

Fertility Goddess of Cananites

121
Q

Ahavat Hinam

A

Senseless love (senseless love will be what rebuilds the temple)

122
Q

Historicity

A

How to relate to the Tanach -> does it matter if its TRUE?

123
Q

Dead sea scrolls

A

Texts of the eseens found in a cave near the dead sea

124
Q

Palestine(ancient)

A

Hadrian changed the name of Israel to Palestine in a punishment of the Jews after the Bar Kochba revolt

125
Q

Edict of Cyrus

A

issue when the Persians conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Israel. 536 BCE

126
Q

Shtadlan

A

The messenger from a Kahal who was able to speak both polish and Yiddish and would communicate with the government

127
Q

Moses Iserles

A

Wrote a “tablecloth”, the Ashkenazi notes on the mainly sphardi “shulchan arouch” by Yoseph Caro

128
Q

Seduces

A

Very wealthy sect of Jews, typically priests in the Beit Ha Mikdash, didn’t believe in Oral Torah, only written law

129
Q

Pharicees

A

Middle class Jews, they fought with seduces over priesthood. This was the largest and most widespread group of Jews. They believed in both written and oral Torah

130
Q

Eseens

A

Male only group of Jews. They lived in the desert in seclusion away from the city, and were not wealthy

131
Q

Zealots

A

Could come from any of the other three sects, but mainly Pharisees. They fought back against the Romans on Masada.

132
Q

7 laws of the sons of Noah

A

The Brit that God has with all people, regardless of religion

133
Q

Midrash

A

interpretation of Torah stories written by closely examining each word

134
Q

Beit Din

A

Smaller, local court

135
Q

Haganna

A

Underground Jewish army during the British Mandate. Created to protect Jewish settlements and Jews from arab attack

136
Q

Commissions, white papers

A

issued by the British government under Neville Chamberlain in which the idea of partitioning Palestine was abandoned. Suggested creating an independent Palestine to be governed by Palestinian Arabs and Jews in proportion to their numbers in the population by 1939. Also set a limit of 75,000 Jewish immigrants was set for the five-year period 1940-1944

137
Q

Self restraint

A

Hagana concept of self restraint against Arabs

138
Q

Homan U’Migdal

A

Wall and tower- under Turkish law a settlement is something that is set up with a wall and tower, so they set up settlements overnight with them when it was illegal to make new settlements under the british

139
Q

irgun/etzel

A

A break off of the Haganna. based on Revisionist Zionism . Ac”The policy of the new organization was that only Jewish armed force would ensure the Jewish state”
Carried out the bombing of the king David hotel and deir yassin

140
Q

Lechi

A

militant Zionist group founded during the British mandate. Its aim was to evict the British authorities from Palestine by resort to force, allowing unrestricted immigration of Jews and the formation of a Jewish state, a ‘new totalitarian Hebrew republic’

141
Q

Hannah Senesh

A

Israeli paratrooper who jumped into Hungary, was captured and killed. She was offered a blindfold for her execution, but she refused, stating that she wanted her captors to look her in the eyes as they killed her

142
Q

Mein Kamf

A

My struggle - Hitler’s book that he wrote while imprisoned, which detailed what he would eventually do to the Jews

143
Q

Reichstag

A

German government. The Reichstag building was burned down in the ’30s, which the Nazis used

144
Q

Pre-War persecution

A

kristlnaght (1938), pogroms, boycotts of Jewish shops, Nuremburg laws

145
Q

Evian conference

A

Took place in Evian, it was a 1938 conference in which Jews asked for help solving the “Jewish-German” problem, asked for countries to grant visas to Jews, but the Dominican republic was the only country to allow some Jews in (200)

146
Q

Janos Korczack

A

He led an orphanage for Jewish children. When they were being deported, he boarded the train with them. People told him not to go because he wasn’t forced to, but he would not let his children be brought to their deaths without him

147
Q

Auchwitz

A 
The largest of the death/concentration camps. It consisted of at least 30, and was a mass killing center. Birkenau was a killing center 20X the size of Auschwitz I, made almost exclusively for Jews., 
DIFFERENT FROM ALL OTHER CAMPS
-higher death toll
-longer duration 
-sophistication - perfected murder 
-efficiency
-manipulation
-medical experimentation
-tattooing
-proximity of life and death
148
Q

Treblinka

A

Treblinka I - labor camp
Treblinka II- death camp
850,000 to 900,000 Jews murdered
Worked off of terror -> Barry the St. Bernard was trained to eat human gentiles - forced them to run the opposite direction straight towards the gas chambers
25-30 minutes between arrival and death
Ivan the terrible raped and cut womans boobs off

149
Q

Sobibor

A

Death camp
Built specifically after the Wanzi conference
Worked off of acting cheery - when prisoners arrived, they acted like it was a resort stay
Huge revolt - about 300 people escaped

150
Q

Denmark

A

Actively worked to save Jews- the king wouldn’t allow Hitler in, and when he came in anyway, they snuck Jews out on boats. When they returned after, they were given money for the rent of their houses which people had used in their absense

151
Q

DP camps

A

Displaced persons camps - these were places where holocaust survivors went following the holocaust because they had no homes. From these camps. They were able to try and relocate family from these Camps, and regain weight and strength

152
Q

Nuremburg Trials

A

trials in Nuremburg, Germany of various Nazis

153
Q

Adolf Eichman

A

Nazi who was one of the main officials in the Holocaust. He was eventually discovered hiding out in Argentina by the Mossad, who brought him back to Israel and tried him for war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was hung for these actions

154
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

A man who worked in Treblinka who raped prisoners and cut off their boobs

155
Q

Resistance to the British

A

To resist the British, people under the British mandate developed the Hagana, etzel and lechi

156
Q

Three sections of the war of independence

A

Jews vs Arabs(still under British-aka civil war)
Arab stacks
JEWISH counter attacks

157
Q

Deir Yassin

A

1948 battle where Etzel and Lechi went into an Arab village called Deir Yassin. They attempted to warn the villagers but it didn’t properly go through, and many of them ended up being killed.

Afterwards, Palestinians said that they had raped and murdered them throughout the village. This contributed to thalestinean crisis, with many people from other villages fleeing -> created Palestinian refugee crisis

158
Q

Fedayeen

A

Arab terrorists who crossed the boarders in 56 and 67 to commit acts of terror. Protective walls were built to prevent this problem

159
Q

Dov Gruner

A

Hanged at Acco for being in Etzel

160
Q

Akko

A

During the British Mandate, members of the Haganah, Etzel and Lehi were imprisoned in Akko.

The building was originally a Crusader fortress from the 12th century, when the British took over, they turned the it back into a prison for Jewish resistance fighters. The first and most famous prisoner here was Zeev Jabotinsky.

May 4, 1947 members of Etzel broke into the prison and freed 41 prisoners. The British police killed three of the Etzel members who participated in the prison break and six of the prisoners

161
Q

UNSCOP

A

United nations special committee on palestine

162
Q

Partition plan

A

Agreed on by the UN in 1947, it was a plan to create two separate states in Palestine - Israel and the Palestinian state

163
Q

6 day war

A

1967, preemptive strike by Israel. Began with an airstrike on Egypt - we flew across the Sinai border, bombed all the air bases and destroyed all Egyptian planes.

The war was fought on 3 fronts

  1. Israel vs Egypt
  2. Israel v Jordan in Jerusalem and west bank
  3. Israel v Syria in the Golan heights
164
Q

St. Augustine

A

Established the witness theory

165
Q

Eli Cohen

A

A Jew born in Egypt. When he moved to israel, he joined the Mossad. He was eventually given a fake id as a Syrian. He was then sent to live in Argentina to set up his back story and from Argentina he went to syria. He completley infiltrated syria, became friends with all the top people and was given very important information which he leaked to israel. He was everntually caught and hung, however he had already gotten enough information about the placement of Syrian strongholds to allow the Jews to defeat them and capture te Golan heights

166
Q

Shahid

A

A Muslim who dies in Jihad and is said to go straight to heaven

167
Q

Yom Kippur war

A

1973 surprise attack war on Israel. Egypt attacked troops on the Suez canal at the Bar Lev Line, Syrians bombed the Golan.
Israel was not at all prepared for the attack, essentially decided by tank battles particularly in the Golan. Syrian tanks out numbered Israel 10:1

168
Q

Avigdor Kahalani

A

A Yemenite Jew who fought in and was severely injured in the 1967 war. He was a battalion commander in the Yom Kippur war of battalion 77. He made his soldiers break fast and prepare the tans INCASE of war. He was in a meeting when it officially began and he ran ADN jumped into his tank . he fought for two days before stopping when reinforcements came

169
Q

Tzvika Greengold

A

On vacation before he started officers training during the war- he went back to his base in the Golan Heights even though he didn’t technically have a unit. He put together 2 tank crews and joined the battle. He bluffed that “tzvika force” had arrived as reinforcements, pretending there was a large group of tanks. He is eventually wounded but left the hospital to rejoin battle

170
Q

Anwar Sadat

A

Egyptian present who fought the Yom Kippur war then made peace with israel

171
Q

Meacham begin

A

Commander of Etzel, prime minister later

172
Q

Camp David

A

Vermont retreat where Clinton brought Arafat and Ehud Barack to make peace. The terms were that Palestinians would give up the right of return and Israel would give land to make a state. Barack agreed but Arafat rejected

173
Q

Operation peace in the Galilee

A

Other name for the first Lebanon war

174
Q

Oslo accords

A

Negotiations between Arafat and Rabin. Some thought it was the best thing ever, others thought it was the worst/

PLO recognized Israel

175
Q

Areas A, B and C

A

Area A - ruled only by PA
Area B - ruled politically by PA, militarily by Israel
Area C - ruled only by Israel

176
Q

Yitschack Rabin

A

Far left Israeli prime minister. He was shot by an Israeli Jew who disagreed with his policies

177
Q

Shimon Peres

A

7th Israeli president

178
Q

Operation Moses, operation solomon

A

Operation to get Ethiopians out of Ethiopia and to Israel

179
Q

Binyamin Netanyahu

A

Current prime minister, Likud party, right wing

180
Q

Ehud Barack

A

Prime minister who pulled us out of Lebanon and was at camp David negotiations with arafat

181
Q

Ariel Sharon

A

Conducted the Lebanon war as the Israeli minister of defense. He had campaigned for Israelis to set up settlements in the west bank and Gaza, but when he was prime minister he went against his platform and participated in the disengagment

182
Q

Hinakut

A

Disengagement from Gaza settlements in 2005

183
Q

Second intifada

A

Began in 2000, people regularly bombed Busses and restraunts- fighting was worse this time, because they had weapons and didn’t just throw rocks

184
Q

Sderot

A

Town incredibly close to Gaza. It was bombarded with rockets for years, and especially in 2006 when approximately 20 rockets would be shot per day

185
Q

Sinai campaign

A

Egypt violated the armistice and blocked Israeli ships from passing through the Suez Canal and began to block traffic through the Straits of Tiran, which cut off the port of Eilat. fedayeen launched attacks on from Egypt, Jordan and Syria.

1956, Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, threatening British and French interests so Israel, Britain and France planned an attack on Egypt

On October 29, 1956, Israel began its assault on Egyptian military positions, capturing the whole of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula. On October 31, France and Britain joined the fray and hostilities ended on November 5.

186
Q

Major roads

A

tbt to our first week.
Coastal road
beit horon ascent
Kings road

187
Q

Israel topography

A 
Coastal planes 
Low lands
Judean / Sumerian mountains 
Rift Valley
 Trans-Jordanian mountains
188
Q

Gaon of Vilna

A

18th century leader of Lithuanian Jews, also Aubrey great great great grandfather

189
Q

Agricultural laws

A

Leket - anything you drop you must leave for the poor
Shechecha - forgotten. Anything that you forget to pick up when harvesting you must leave
Peah -Corner. You must leave a corner of your field for the poor
Smita - every 7 years you must let the land rest and not plant

190
Q

Baal teshuva

A

Master of teshuva- someone who fully masters repentance

191
Q

Natan

A

The prophet who guided David

192
Q

solomon

A

The last king of the divided monarchy. He built the first temple

193
Q

Jereboam

A

He divided Israel into two separate monarchies. He also closed the border between the two, so people from northern Israel couldn’t go to the beit ha mikdash in the south. He built two temples in the north, one in the Dan aka modern Golan (we went there pls remember) and one in beit el

194
Q

Yochanan ben Zakkai

A

Escaped Jerusalem when it was cut off in side a coffin and he was given the city of Yavneh for himself and the sages

195
Q

Rabbi Channina ben tradion

A

Burned wrapped in a Torah scroll by the Romans. In his final moments he had a vision of the letters of the Torah flying away. He said “while the parchment burns, the letters fly free”

196
Q

The Ari

A

Taught Kabbalah and tikun olam

197
Q

Rabbi Akiva

A

When Hadrian’s decrees outlawed Judaism, he kept teaching Torah. He was eventually caught and said the schema while he died. “You should love god with all your soul, even when that soul is being taken from you”

198
Q

Yehuda Ha Levi

A

Wrote my heart is in the east and the Kuzari

199
Q

Kuzari

A

Important Jewish philosophical work by Yehuda Ha Levi

200
Q

Baal shem Tov

A

Creator of Chasidism

201
Q

Rashi

A

Torah and Talmud commentator, ashkenazi

202
Q

Guide to the Perplexed

A

Rambam’s philosophical book

203
Q

Amoraim

A

Sages of the gemara

204
Q

People of the Mosaic faith

A

A name German Jews gave to themselves, it made them less separate from oter Germans.

205
Q

Mitnagdim

A

Means opponents - refffers to the opponents of Chasidism. (Gaon of Vilna was one of these)

Core (4 decks)

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