Final

Question 0

Bill of Rights

Answer 0

the first ten amendments

Question 1

Government

Answer 1

The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

Question 2

Political Party

Answer 2

a group of people who seek to control government by winning elections and holding office

• principle-oriented
• Issue-oriented
• election-oriented

Question 3

Suffrage

Answer 3

the right to vote

Question 4

Electorate

Answer 4

all of the people entitled to vote in a given election

Question 5

Off-Year Election

Answer 5

Congressional elections held in years when there is no presidential election

Question 6

Closed Primary

Answer 6

Only declared party members can vote

Question 7

Open Primary

Answer 7

any qualified voter can take part

Question 8

Run-Off Primary

Answer 8

if a required primary is not met, the two people with the most votes run again

Question 9

Non-Partisan Primary

Answer 9

candidates are not identified by party labels

Question 10

Supremacy Clause

Answer 10

in the Constitution and United States laws as the “Supreme Law of the Land.”

Question 11

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 11

ensures that the States recognize the laws, documents and court proceedings of other States

Question 12

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 12

• Provides that no state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other States
• States cannot, pay lower welfare benefits to newly arrived residents than it does to its long-term residents
• States can draw reasonable distinctions between its own residents and those of other states

Question 13

Precinct

Answer 13

a voting district, it is the smallest geography unit used to carry out elections

Question 14

Polling Place

Answer 14

where the voters in the precinct go to vote

Question 15

Session

Answer 15

the regular period of time during which Congress conducts business

Question 16

Gerrymandering

Answer 16

the act of drawing congressional districts to the advantage of the political party that controls the State legislature

Question 17

Eminent Domain

Answer 17

the inherit power to take private property for public use

Question 18

Copyright

Answer 18

the exclusive right of an author to reproduce, publish, and sell his or her creative work

Question 19

Patent

Answer 19

grants a person the sole right to manufacture, use, or sell “any new and useful machinery, manufacture, or composition of matter.”

Question 20

Impeach

Answer 20

bring charges against, an individual and the Senate conducts a trial

Question 21

Electoral College

Answer 21

is the group of people (electors) chosen from each state and the District of Columbia that formally selects the President and Vice President

Question 22

4 Elements of the State

Answer 22

• population-a state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence
• territory-a state must be compromised of land-territory with known and recognized boundaries
• government-every state has a government- that is, it will be politically organized
• sovereignty-every state is sovereign. It has supreme and absolute power with its own territory and decides its own foreign and domestic policies

Question 23

4 Theories of the origin of the State

Answer 23

1) The Force Theory states that one person or small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that persons or groups rule
2) The Evolutionary Theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family
3) The Divine Right Theory holds that God created the state and God gives those of royal birth a divine right to rule
4) The Social Contract theory argues that the state arose out of voluntary act of free people

Question 24

3 Branches of Government in the U.S.

Answer 24

1) Legislative Branch-Congress 2) Judicial Branch-Supreme Court 3) Executive Branch-White House * Separate but Equal*

Question 25

5 ways that the Constitution can be informally amended

Answer 25

1) The passage of basic legislation by Congress 2) Actions taken by the President 3) Key decisions of the Supreme Court 4) The activities of Political Parties 5) Custom

Question 26

Advantages of a Multi-Party System

Answer 26

* Provides a broader representation of the people * More responsive to the will of people * Gives voters more choices at the polls

Question 27

Disadvantages of a Multi-Party System

Answer 27

* Cause parties to form coalitions, which can dissolve easily * Failure of coalition can cause instability in government

Question 28

Universal Requirement for Voting

Answer 28

1. Citizenship:most states require U.S. citizenship to vote 2. Residence:one must be a legal resident of the State to vote in election. Most states require residency for a minimum amount of time in order to vote. 3. Age:the 26th Amendment requires that no State set a minimum voting age above 18 4. Registration:all states but North Dakota require residents to register to vote ahead of an election

Question 29

Sociological Patterns of Voting (DEMOCRAT)

Answer 29

* Minorities & Women * Catholic & Jewish * Union Members * Middle to Lower Class * Inner-City * Northwest & Bigger States * Younger Voters

Question 30

Sociological Patterns of Voting (REPUBLICAN)

Answer 30

* White Males * Protestants * Business * Middle to Upper Class * Suburbs & Rural * Midwest & Southern States * Older Voters

Question 31

Sociological patterns that promote voting

Answer 31

* level of income * level of education * occupational status * strong party identification * woman * live in suburbs * older than 35 * married

Question 32

Importance of Minor Parties

Answer 32

* Spoiler Role: Minor Party candidates can pull decisive votes away from one of the major parties' candidates, especially if the minor party candidate is from a splinter party. * Critic: Minor Parties, especially single-issue parties, often take stands on and draw attention to controversial issues that the major parties would prefer to ignore * Innovator: Often, minor parties will draw attention to important issues and propose innovate solutions to problems. If proposals gain popular support, they are often integrated into the platforms of the two major parties

Question 33

Comparing the House of reps and the Senate

Answer 33

HOUSE: 435 members, 2 year terms, great change, based on population, less prestige SENATE: 100, member, 6 year terms, Continuous body, 2 representative per state, more prestige

Question 34

Leadership Positions in Congress

Answer 34

* Stg. at Arms * Doorkeeper * Postmaster * Committee Memberships * Speaker of the House

Question 35

Qualifications for President (FORMAL & INFORMAL)

Answer 35

1.Be"a natural born citizen." 2.Be at least 35 years of age 3.Have lived in the US for at least 14 years Informal: intelligence, character, and experience

Question 36

Pathway to Presidency

Answer 36

Nomination Self Announcement is the most common method Presidential Primary An election within each Political Party Convention Delegates selected based on electoral college by state and on who won the State General Election We Vote! Electoral College Electors representing us choose the President

Question 37

Who gets nominated into the Presidency

Answer 37

``` Incumbent President almost always gets nominated. Leadership experience is essential Vice-Presidency Senators Governors Generals Many candidates come for key larger states. California New York Ohio ```

Question 38

Strength and Weaknesses of the Electoral College (WEAKNESSES)

Answer 38

* It is possible to win the popular vote in the presidential election, but lose the electoral college vote. * Nothing requires the electors to vote for the candidate favored by the state, * If no candidate gets a majority of the votes the election is thrown into the House of Representatives.

Question 39

Strength and Weaknesses of the electoral College (STRENGTH)

Answer 39

* A known process. New methods may have unknown flaws. * It defines a winner quickly and with certainty. * Protects little states from being dominated by bigger states.

Question 40

The Vice-Presidency

Answer 40

The Constitution gives the Vice-President two duties besides becoming President if the President is removed from office * to preside over the Senate * to help decide the question of presidential disability * If the office of Vice-President become vacant, the President nominates a new Vice President subject to the approval of Congress * The Vice-President often performs diplomatic and political chores for the President.

Question 41

Presidential Succession

Answer 41

* Vice President * Speaker of the House * President Pro Tempore of the Senate * Secretary of State * Secretary of the Treasury

Question 42

The Division of Power between Local and Federal Government (Venn Diagram)

Answer 42

LOCAL:(Reserved Powers of the State)regulate business and trade within the state, establish public schools, pass license requirements for professionals, regulate alcohol beverages, conduct elections, establish local governments FEDERAL:(Delegated Power of the National Government)coin money, regulate foreign and interstate trade, declare war, govern U.S. territories and admit new states, conduct foreign relations BOTH:(Concurrent Powers)levy and collet taxes, borrow money, establish courts, define crimes and set punishments, claim private property for public use.