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Radiography DENT1102 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Cone cut

A

A clear, unexposed area on the dental radiograph from misalignement.

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2
Q

Alara

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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3
Q

Millamperage

A

The quantity of x-rays emitted from the tube head (measurement).

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4
Q

Kilovoltage peak

A

The maximum/peak voltage that is used during x-ray exposure.

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5
Q

Exposure time

A

The interval during which x-rays are produced.

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6
Q

Contrast

A

How sharply dark and light areas are differentiate or separated in an image; difference in the degrees of blackness between adjacent areas.

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7
Q

Short scale contrast

A

An image with only two densities (black and white) from using lower kilovoltage range.

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8
Q

Long scale contrast

A

Image with many densities (shades of grey) from using higher kilovoltage range.

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9
Q

Low contrast

A

An image with many shades of grey and few area of black and white.

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10
Q

High contrast

A

An image with many very dark and light areas, few shades of grey.

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11
Q

Focal spot

A

The tungsten target of the anode; converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photons.

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12
Q

Penumbra

A

The fuzzy, unclear are that surround the radiograph.

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13
Q

Image magnification

A

The ability to ‘zoom’ in on an image.

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14
Q

Identification dot/bubble

A

A feature on a film which must face up when mounting.

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15
Q

Polychromatic x-ray beam

A

An x-ray beam containg many different wavelengths of varying intensities.

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16
Q

Radiolucent

A

The portion of the image that is dark or black; its structure readily permits the passage of x-ray beam and allows more x-rays that reach the receptor.

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17
Q

Radiopaque

A

The portion of the image that is light or white; its structure resists the passage of x-ray beam and limits the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor.

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18
Q

Latent image

A

The pattern of stored energy on the exposed film.

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19
Q

Photons

A

A bundle of energy with no mass or weight that travels as a wave at the speed of light and moved through space in a straight line.

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20
Q

Long wave length = ____ frequency

A

Low frequency

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21
Q

High wave length = ____ frequency

A

High frequency

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22
Q

What is vertical angulation?

A

Refers to positioning of PID up and down.

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23
Q

What is horizontal angulation?

A

Refers to positioning of PID side-to-side

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24
Q

Basics of paralleling technique

A

Used to expose periapicle and bite wing image receptors.
Receptor is placed parallel to long axis of tooth.
Central ray of the x-ray beam is directed at a right angle to receptor.

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25
Q

What results from incorrect horizontal angulation?

A

Results in overlapped contact areas.

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26
Q

What results from incorrect vertical angulation?

A

Results in image not the same length as the tooth.

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27
Q

Where is ‘a’ located on periapicles, why?

A

A crown of a tooth so it does not interfere with the diagnosis portion of the radiograph.

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28
Q

What is overlap, how do you correct it?

A

When horizontal angulation is incorrect, correct angulation.

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the lead foil in the film packet?

A

to protect film from back scattered radiation

30
Q

Distortion

A

A geometric characteristic that refers to variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed.

31
Q

Collimation

A

The restriction of the size and shape of the x-ray beam in order to reduce patient exposure.

32
Q

H.A.R.P

A

Healing Art Radiation Protection

33
Q

Film focal distance

A

is the distance between the X-ray source and the film.

34
Q

Object film distance

A

the measure of space intervening between two objects.

35
Q

What is the KeV binding energy of the tungsten K shell electron?

A

69KeV

36
Q

What should appear on periabicle

A

All of tooth root.

37
Q

What should appear in premolar bitewings?

A

all of the 4 and 5

  • mesial of the 6
  • distal of the 3
38
Q

What should appear on molar bitewings?

A
  • all of the 8, 7, and 6

- distal of the 5

39
Q

What is the difference between short and long wavelengths as it relates to energy and penetration…

A

a long wavelength has less energy and less power

a short wavelength has more energy…

40
Q

Why is a filter inserted in the path of the direct x-ray beam

A

minamize the amount of x-radiation.

41
Q

What happens when the funsten filament of the cathode in an x-ray machine is heated?

A

when heated the tungsten filament produces electrons

42
Q

How should the client’s head be positioned during the taking of radiographs?

A

the patient’s head must positioned such that the maxillary arch is paralle to the floor.

43
Q

Describe the basics of the paralleling technique

A

a method that can be used to expose periapical and bitewing image receptors

44
Q

How do you align the central beam when using the paralleling technique?

A

a beam alignment device must be used to keep the receptor parellel with the long axis of the tooth

45
Q

According to the H.A.R.P. act, who is permitted to take x-rays in a dental office? Prescribe

A

dentist, hygienist, dental assistant

-if the receptionist has taken a H.A.R.P arroved

46
Q

What is the primary reason for using fast speed film or sensors?

A

the minamize the exposure time (ALARA)

47
Q

Where should the radiographer position themselves in relation to the primary beam when exposing

A

2 meters away from tube head (6 feet )

48
Q

The electromagnetic radiation with the most penetrating power will have what type of wavelength

A

short wavelength, high frequency and high penetration powe

49
Q

What is differential absorption?

A

Radiographic opacity refers to the actual penetrative ability of x-rays to pass through an object and reach the film.

50
Q

Identify the tissues that are radiolucent and radiopaque.

A

radiopaque-thick dense

radiolucent- soft and thin

51
Q

Which tissues absorbs more x-rays ?

A

soft and thin

52
Q

What is the purpose of contrast on a radiograph?

A

the difference of degess of blackness of adjacent areas on a dental radiograph

53
Q

The exposure time for dental radiographs will depend upon what factors?

A

The type of emulsion.

54
Q

What contributes to produce the best detail in sharpness of a dental radiograph.

A

Smaller focal spot

55
Q

How do you decrease the density in a dental radiograph?

A

Decrease in object-film distance.

56
Q

What is the purpose of the lead foil in a film packet?

A

To stop radiation (ALARA)

57
Q

If you increase the kilovoltage of the x-ray machine, what do you have to do with the exposure time?

A

Has to be increased.

58
Q

Quantity

A

refers to # of x-rays emitted from tube head

59
Q

Quality

A

refers to energy of penatrating ability of x-ray

60
Q

Intensity

A

product of quantity and quality.

61
Q

Which radiology innovator is known as the father of the science of radiation protection?

A

Willhelm Roentgen

62
Q

What percentage of energy is converted to x-radiation when electrons collide from the cathode

A

1%?

63
Q

What is the ideal temperature of the automatic processor for developing dental radiographs?

A

68 degrees F

64
Q

Should the developer and fixer be mixed together? Why?

A

no because it will make a toxic mixter that must be disposed of as dangerous waste

65
Q

What is the binding energy of the tungsten K shell electron?

A

the energy that it would take to knock an electron out of its shell.

66
Q

Who is the Bavarian physicist who discovered x-rays and won a Nobel Prize?

A

willham conrad rontgen

67
Q

Why is the filter placed in the path of x-ray beam?

A

Aluminum filters

68
Q

What could result if there are light leaks around the dark room door?

A

an effect of fog

69
Q

How do you increase the sharpness of a radiographic image?

A

As the size of the focal spot decreases, the image sharpness increases because penumbra…

70
Q

What is the principle of the paralleling technique?

A

The paralleling technique is accomplished by placing the receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth

71
Q

The length of the PID is changed from 16 to 8in. The resultant intensity of the beam will be?

A

four times as intense

Radiography DENT1102 (2 decks)

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