FINAL 3 Flashcards
A technique used in qualitative research in which the subjects are selected bc they possess certain characteristics that will enhance the credibility of the study and bc they can reliably inform the research question.
Purposeful sampling
A nonprobability sampling method that relies on referrals from the initial subjects to recruit additional subjects. This method is best used for studies involving subjects who possess sensitive characteristics or how are difficult to find.
Snowball sampling
Sampling of individuals who meet certain inclusion criteria, who are then stratified according to other criteria (age, gender, and ethnicity).
Stratified purposive sampling
The point at which no new information is being generated and the sample size is determined to be adequate.
Saturation
A method of analysis in qualitative research that involves a review of data as they are gathered and comparison to data that have been interpreted to support or reject earlier conclusions.
Constant comparison
The ability of an instrument to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure.
Validity
The ability to consistently measure a given trait with precision. Reproducible.
Reliability
Characteristics of Trustworthiness:
- credibility
- confirmability
- dependability
- transferability
The results of the study represent the realities of the participant as much as possible.
Credibility
The researcher attempts to enhance objectivity by reducing bias in methods and procedures.
Confirmability
Repetition of the study w/similar subjects in similar circumstances results in consistent findings.
Dependability
Results can be transferred to situations w/similar subjects and settings.
Transferability
A method of limiting the effects of researcher bias and setting them aside by demonstrating awareness of potential suppositions of the researcher.
Bracketing
Investment of sufficient time in the data collection process so that the researcher gains an in-depth understanding of the culture, language, or views of the group under study.
Prolonged engagement
Enhancing credibility by cross-checking information and conclusions, using multiple data sources, using multiple research methods or researchers to study the phenomenon, or using multiple theories and perspectives to help interpret the data.
Triangulation
Data collected for other purposes and used in the research study. Examples: pt medical records, employee/pt satisfaction surveys, organizational business reports, or governmental databases
Secondary data
A method of ensuring validity by having participants review and comment on the accuracy of transcripts, interpretations, or conclusions.
Member checking
A thorough and conscientious reflection and recording of the decisions that were made, procedures that were designed, and questions that were raised during analysis of data.
Audit trail
The investigation of the distribution and determinant of disease within populations or cohorts.
Epidemiology
A data analysis method; describes designs that rely on data collected via interviews or document analysis and that use interpretive coding to arrive at themes and patterns.
Content analysis
Strengths of content analysis
- relatively uncomplicated to carry out
- extended time periods of observation generally not needed
- results in identification of general themes that allow the researcher to report and answer the question in a straightforward, concise way
Limitations of content analysis
- relies on the informant’s recall, ability to report, and willingness to talk
- selection effects may come into play bc those who agree to participate may not be representative of all those who are affected
- researcher’s bias may affect the interpretation and coding of themes in the data
Investigation of the meaning of an experience among a group whose members have lived through it.
Phenomenology
A study of the features and interactions of a given culture.
Ethnography
Research aimed at discovering and developing a theory based on systematically collected data about a phenomenon. The intent is to discover a pattern of reactions, interactions, and relationships among people and their concerns.
Grounded theory
Labels, descriptions, or definitions assigned to data to allow them to be categorized and analyzed in qualitative research.
Codes
A guide for the qualitative analysis that outlines individual codes with definitions, criteria for inclusion, and examples.
Codebook
