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Philosophy Midterm > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Part 1 of course about?

A

representationalism; evidence for human being

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2
Q

what’s materialism(brief)

A

only things that exist are physical(see and feel)

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3
Q

what’s representationalism?(brief)

A

not in contact w/physical world; what we exp is in mind

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4
Q

*Descartes redefinition of matter

A

3d objects

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5
Q

CS look at hand

A

color, solid, warm, stationary

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6
Q

sci look at hand

A

no color, almost all empty space, subatoms moving,

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7
Q

*Aristotle/Desc on soul

A

anything alive has soul; vegetative, animal, human life

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8
Q

*2 dif meanings of soul (Aristotle)

A

life principle, seat of consciousness

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9
Q

thinking according to Watson

A

thinking = talking out loud or silently (overt/covert)

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10
Q

radical empiricist principle

A

can’t have idea of something never exp

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11
Q

argument against radical empiricist principle

A

how do you know you cant have an idea of something never exp; take on faith

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12
Q

*Pope John Paul II: when do we exist

A

exist when God creates soul

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13
Q

*Aquinas: when soul is created

A

soul not created at conception but when resemblance of human body

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14
Q

*CS view of matter

A

what we see/feel (sense)

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15
Q

*Desc problem with CS view of matter

A

representationalism says not in contact with physical world; cant see/touch

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16
Q

*2 kinds of behaviorism

A

radical(we study) and methodological

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17
Q

*Psych studies what according to Meyers

A

mental processes (infer), observe behavior

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18
Q

wat do telescopes and microscopes do

A

create larger images in eyes

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19
Q

method for psych as sci

A

empirical introspection/reflection

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20
Q

Lock’s term for introspection

A

reflection

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21
Q

Watson on introspection

A

wouldn’t work; can you think without images?

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22
Q

what do behaviorists study

A

how dif organisms react to stimuli

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23
Q

types of conditioning

A

classic (from childhood), operant(from env)

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24
Q

*phenomenalists

A

James(live by cs) and Hume(go by cs), Berkeley

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25
Q

human being acc to phenomenalists

A

present stream of consciousness

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26
Q

Clifford Commandment

A

wrong always for everyone everywhere to believe something w/insufficient evidence

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27
Q

Socrates’ motto

A

the unexamined life is not worth living

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28
Q

where is knowledge found, if it exists

A

in each individual’s mind

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29
Q

ex of mental processes

A

thoughts, feelings, etc

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30
Q

*2 reasons to find truth

A

self (Desc) don’t take on faith, want proof; for others: can’t pass on without knowing truth

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31
Q

*argument 4 soul

A

what happens at death; consciousness

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32
Q

*3 materialist theories

A

RB, BMI, EPI

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33
Q

*problem with Meyers psych

A

doesn’t talk about concepts; don’t get ideas from others but through exp

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34
Q

*1st response to proof 4 soul

A

do you have proof for phys world

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35
Q

*RB what is consc

A

consciousness in brain; thinking = behavior; consciousness is behavior

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36
Q

quote on human thought

A

the history of human thought is what people have said and done

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37
Q

RB on what are we

A

conditioned robot, highly evolved animal (materialist) +BMI+EPI

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38
Q

*BMI consc

A

brain processes/functions; firings of neurons in brain

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39
Q

*EPI consc

A

immaterial; useless byproduct of brain

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40
Q

if people are streams of consc (phenomenalist view) then?

A

can’t have sci; must be public

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41
Q

what am i through elimination

A

i am combo of body and soul (dualism Aquinas)
i am soul and there is no body (idealist-Berkeley)
i am soul and have a body (Plato)
i am a body and there is no soul (materialis)

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42
Q

fog and clouds?

A

same reality (water droplets) yet seem different (Place)

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43
Q

*materialist and free will

A

no free will; acts in accordance w/laws of physics, chemistry, biology, psychology; programmed robots

44
Q

Plato on ideas in this lifetime

A

where do we get ideas from; ideas of essences(reincarnation); learning is recollection

45
Q

*sky is blue

A

begin w/world as perceived naively: blue ; meet contradictions: in plane

46
Q

*substance

A

exists in and of itself(on own)

47
Q

*accident

A

can’t exist on own

48
Q

*types of change

A

accidental (wt, ht), substantial(death), mixing and unmixing(car)

49
Q

soul by Aquinasvs Plato

A

substantial principle vs substance

50
Q

common sense principle

A

never give up cs belief unless extensive proof for otherwise

51
Q

can you exist without a body

A

yes doing so now; bod sensations in mind; repres (phantom limbs)

52
Q

materialists agree on

A

existence of thoughts; humans are highly evolved animals

53
Q

consc

A

SD(colors, sounds, odors, h/s, h/c, taste)

54
Q

argument for evolution

A

fossils, homology: similarities in living creatures

55
Q

*argument against free will

A

atoms/molecules=brain no room for realism (obey laws of sci/nature); psych: actions determined by likes/dislikes produced by DNA/biology and conditioning

56
Q

*3 errors to avoid

A

anthropomorphism(proj onto nonhuman things human exp), correlation=identity=causation

57
Q

*what exists acc to Aristotle

A

substance or accident

58
Q

*Aquinas on soul

A

substantial principle (1 substance (human) made of 2 substantial principles = act+potency)

59
Q

*apple

A

Berkeley apple is combo of ideas/collection of SD (color, texture, shape, taste, etc)(phenom->what exists in mind)

60
Q

*problem with materialism

A

must be immaterial self to perceive (agent)-what exp consc (Berkeley); must be soul aware of SD, MI, thoughts (have but are not)-> we are agents experiencing

61
Q

inner speech

A

tactile images vs auditory images

62
Q

language

A

spoken(overt thinking)

63
Q

phrase relating to representationalism

A

think movie

64
Q

faith

A

anything you believe that you don’t have absolute conclusive evidence for

65
Q

LAL: true answer for what we see

A

hallucination

66
Q

who cares about actions

A

how much of a future do you plan for(death, eternity)

67
Q

*4 types of thinking

A

imagine, remember, think, anticipate

68
Q

reductionism

A

simplify world view; dif names for same reality

69
Q

*don’t have body, why worry

A

future sensations of pain

70
Q

dif btw humans and animals

A

thinking and reasoning; animals(sensations, consc), trees(phys, alive) rocks

71
Q

most important thing in phys world

A

brain

72
Q

*BMI person

A

U.T. PLace

73
Q

*idealism person

A

Berkeley

74
Q

*lie vs truth

A

lying is more complicated: aware of truth and how to trick someone

75
Q

*EPI on brain

A

brain is product of sensations; how would you know about brain

76
Q

against BMI

A

how could material produce immaterial

77
Q

*Santa,personality, etc

A

useful concept in mind w/no exact counterpart in reality (logical fictions, constructs, theoretical constructions

78
Q

universal/ontological dualism

A

2 things (physical and nonphysical or material and nonmaterial)

79
Q

psych/anthropological dualism

A

body and soul (substances)

80
Q

epistemological dualism

A

everything experienced in mind (repres)

81
Q

do colors exist?

A

yes; light at dif freq hits eyes to create color; absorb freq but reflect color seen

82
Q

Thales

A

everything is water

83
Q

5 concepts

A

agents(individual), habits, objects(thing acted upon), acts(actions, eating), powers(ability to act)

84
Q

personality quote

A

nobody in its priv life, seriously doubts that personality exists

85
Q

what does the thinking

A
  1. unity of consc: I feel, see, etc. (arist, aqui) contradiction: sensing dif than thinking(think w/mind, need organs to hear/snse; can’t have sensation w/out body)
  2. total person does thinking(body and soul)
  3. soul does thinking
86
Q

if phys sensations are phantoms then?

A

brain is phantom->phantom brain prod phantom body?

87
Q

*changes after LAL NDE

A

before body more imp and now mind more imp; took away fear of death(some don’t want to return)

88
Q

*Aquinas/aristotle on what i am + contradiction

A

I am combo of soul and body; problem: soul must be substance for immortality

89
Q

*political debate on

A

what is a human being

90
Q

*matchbook exp

A

not image but shadow; not enought light to hit eye so what is seen in mind is upside down (disprove NI)

91
Q

Russel on rep

A

experience effects in us

92
Q

were you you at beg of life

A

you were you before memories/exp

93
Q

*q not is color i see blue

A

q is where is the color i see

94
Q

*where are things we sense

A

1 phys world(cs)
2 organ of sense (IO) (cant exp things further from us)
3 brain (NI) (see 2 upside down)
4 mind

95
Q

animal rights bible

A

Animal Liberation

96
Q

animal rights bible author

A

Peter Singer

97
Q

parts of time

A

past, present, future

98
Q

*quinatalism

A

stream of consciousness(most certain)
MI
thoughts(interpret sensations in light of memory)
self(I think therefore I am) ; cant be deceived if dont exist
if phys world: subatoms

99
Q

determinism

A

everything done is determined by past/nature; cant blame anyone for anything

100
Q

Newton’s laws of motion

A

inertia: all bodies remain at rest/motion in st line unless acted upon by outside force
universal gravitation: all bodies attract all other bodies
for every action there is an eq/opp reaction

101
Q

*to know what God knows

A

what exists
what do existent things do
why do they do what they do

102
Q

4 forces

A

gravity, electromag, nuclear forces

103
Q

against determinism

A

cant prove phys world; faith; can prove everything obeys laws?

104
Q

*red laser pointer shows

A

dif btw light and color; see color not light; light has dif freq

105
Q

stream of consc from

A

mind (no), brain, God, or nothing

106
Q

RB person

A

Skinner

Philosophy Midterm (2 decks)

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