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Final Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Ricardo

A

Iron law of wages

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1
Q

Malthus

A

Believed the population would outstrip the food supply

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2
Q

Chartism

A 
The first large scale working-class political movement 
step toward working-class rights
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3
Q

English factory act of 1833

A

During industrial revolution
broke pattern of whole families working together
Limited child work day and made kids under nine go to school

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4
Q

Concert of Europe

A

European countries continued to meet after napoleonic wars

First attempt at collective security

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5
Q

Conservatism

A

Believed traditions were the essential foundations of any society
Aimed to preserve authority of monarchies aristocracies and established churches

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

Idea that each people had its own specific unity which manifested itself in a common language and history
often led to the desire for an independent political state
Hungarians and Austrians especially

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7
Q

Liberalism

A 
Challenged conservative political social and religious values
Upper-middle-class Europeans especially
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8
Q

Socialism

A

Against individualism
Movement toward a sense of community
economic equality and state regulation of property

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9
Q

Marx and Engels

A

Wrote the Communist manifesto

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10
Q

Marxism

A

Conflict between the established order in the challenge order resulting in classless society

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11
Q

Metternich

A

Austrian Foreign Minister that believed strong government was necessary and worked to prevent movement against conservatism

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12
Q

Carlsbad decrees

A

Metternich
Created to root out subversive ideas and crush liberal organizations
dissolved the burschenshaften (liberal student associations) and monitored press

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13
Q

Greece gained independence from

A

Ottomans with help of Britain France and Russia in a nationalism revolt

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14
Q

Corn laws (1815)

A

Made it too expensive to important grain thus raising the price of food

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15
Q

Coercion act of 1817

A

Suspend habeus corpus and repress liberals in London

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16
Q

Peterloo massacre

A

Radical protest at St. peters fields in London killed 11 people

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17
Q

Britain’s great reform bill of 1832

A

Increased voters by 50%
eliminated rotten boroughs and pocket boroughs
gave industrial areas representation made revolution unnecessary

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18
Q

Charter

A

France’s Constitution
established bicameral legislator
Guaranteed declaration of rights of man, religious freedom, and protection of property

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19
Q

Revolution of 1830/four ordinances

A

4 ordinances restricted rights (ultra conservative)
Citizens revolt and Charles X abdicated the throne
Louis Philippe takes over and creates (constitutional) July monarchy with with toleration and no censorship

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20
Q

Revolutions of 1848

A

France Austria Prussia
Food shortages depression unemployment frustration…
Led to conservative ideas keeping hold but liberal ideas gaining support

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21
Q

Six acts

A

Issued In response to the Peterloo massacre and moved Britain toward becoming a repressive state

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22
Q

When did urban society begin to emerge

A

Mid to late 19th century after the Industrial Revolution

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23
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Jeremy Bentham

Idea that social policies should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

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24
Q

Edwin Chadwick

A

Worked to change urban conditions after industrial revolution
published evidence that disease was related to unsanitary environmental conditions

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25
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Germ theory

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26
Q

Robert Koch

A

Experimentation with bacteria

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27
Q

Joseph lister

A

Antiseptic principle

sterilization

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28
Q

Romance began to replace tradition and financial considerations relating to marriage in…

A

1850

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29
Q

Components of first industrial revolution

A

Second half of 18th century
Textiles
Steam
Iron

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30
Q

Components of second Industrial Revolution

A 
Second half of 19th century
Electricity
Steel 
Chemicals
Car
Oil
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31
Q

Auguste Comte

A

Father of sociology

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32
Q

Realism

A 
Mid 19th century
Stressed the depiction of life as it actually was
Showed the dark side 
Balzac
Flaubert
Zola
Tolstoy 
Dickens 
Dreiser
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33
Q

Napoleon III

A

Led France in the Second Republic then declared himself emperor
Authoritative at first and then liberal
Tried to beat Bismarck in Franco-Prussian war which led to his capture and defeat

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34
Q

Paris commune

A

Parisians upset over loss of Alsace-Lorraine in Franco-Prussian war took over city
French army put it down
Resulted to the third republic

35
Q

Dreyfus affair

A

French Jewish army captain wrongly accused of treason

Split catholic and govt ties

36
Q

Italian unification

A

Led by Mazzini and Cavour and Garibaldi

Resulted in kingdom of Italy (led by Emanuel II)

37
Q

Bismarck’s kleindeutch policy

A

Without Austria

38
Q

Schleswig-Holstein affair
Austro-Prussian war
Ems dispatch
(Steps to German unification)

A

Prussia and Austria allies to defeat Denmark for control of Schleswig and Holstein
………….
Bismarck defeated Austria to get Holstein
………….
Bismarck edited a message from William I to enrage french and start Franco-Prussian war and get Alsace-Lorraine

39
Q

Crimean war

A

over who should protect Christian shrines in Ottoman Empire

Russia vs France Britain ottoman and Piedmont Sardinia

40
Q

Alexander II

A

Abolished serfdom in Russia
equality before the law
censorship relaxed
industrial development

41
Q

October manifesto

A

Nicholas II of Russia promised constitutional government

42
Q

Ausgleich compromise of 1867

A

Dual monarchy of Austria Hungary

43
Q

Zionism

A

Movement toward political nationhood of Jews

Theodore Herzl

44
Q

Revisionism

A

Effort to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realism

45
Q

Great migration

A

This movement of people from Europe in the 19th century

Caused by overcrowding, better opportunities, and liberalism

46
Q

New imperialism

A

Late 19th century drive by European countries to create political empires abroad

47
Q

Berlin conference

A

Agreed no single country and claim all of Africa in late 18th century

48
Q

Imperialism in India

A

In 1907 Indians rebelled against Great Britain

49
Q

Kulterkampf

A

Bismarcks attack on the Catholic Church

50
Q

German blank check

A

Offers full support to austria-Hungary after assassination of archduke Ferdinand

51
Q

Schlieffen plan

A

During ww1
Herman plan to take over France and then Russia
Failed

52
Q

Cause for US involvement in ww1

A

Sinking of Lusitania
sinking of Sussex
Germans violate Sussexx pledge and resume submarine warfare
Britain releases Zimmerman telegram

53
Q

February revolution

A

Strikes in Russia during ww1

Led to the provisional govt which was overthrown by the Bolsheviks

54
Q

Treaty of breast-litovsk

A

Took Russia out of ww1
Permitted Germany to push troops west
Acknowledgement of Poland Ukraine Finland and Baltic states

55
Q

Checka

A

Secret soviet police who carried out the red terror

56
Q

Paris peace conference

A

Gathering of victorious countries after ww1 at Versailles

57
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Stripped Germany of its colonies restricted German army
made Germany pay reparations and except full responsibility for ww1
called for league of Nations
never ratified by US

58
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche

A

Argued Christianity was a slave morality and god is dead
Said the west overemphasized rationality and stifled instinct
Early 20th century

59
Q

Soren Kierkegaard

A

Believed you must take a leap of faith and accept the existence of God
Early 20th century

60
Q

Werner Heisenberg

A

Nature is unpredictable
Uncertainty principle
Early 20th century

61
Q

Existentialism

A

Emphasized meaningless of existence in a godless world and importance of searching for moral value
Early 20th century

62
Q

Modernism

A

Rejected older values in favor of constant experimentation and the search for new kinds of expression
Early 20th century

63
Q

Dadaism

A

Attacked all excepted standards of behavior and art
Most radical
Early 20th century

64
Q

Keynes

A

Believed Treaty of Versailles would destroy Germany

65
Q

Occupation of the Ruhr

A

Germany proposed a suspension on reparation payments
France and Belgium occupied the heartland of German industry
Germans went on strike and started printing money

66
Q

Dawes plan

A

Lowered Germany’s reparations based on economic prosperity

Germany could receive US loans

67
Q

Locarno agreement

A

Germany and France accept their common border

Britain and Italy agree to step in if either invade one another

68
Q

Kellogg Briand pact

A

15 nations agreed to renounce war as an instrument of international policy

69
Q

Great purges

A

Stalin arrested interrogated tortured and executed millions to fully control the communist party

70
Q

The black shirts

A

Mussolinis private army that terrorized socialists and demanded to the long that Mussolini be appointed prime minister

71
Q

Beer hall putsch

A

Hitler attempts to revolt against the Weimar Republic and is jailed

72
Q

SA/brown shirts vs SS

A

Nazi storm troopers vs hitlers elite personal guards

73
Q

Nazi policy of coordination

A

Forced society to conform to the national Socialist ideology

74
Q

Lebensraum

A

Gain living space for Germans

75
Q

Spanish civil war

A

Training ground for ww2
Nationalists were helped by Germany and Italy
Republicans were helped by Russia Mexico and France

76
Q

Appeasement before ww2

A 
Germany takes Rhineland
Germany takes Austria
Germany takes Sudetenland (in Munich agreement Germany promises it will stop after this)
Germany takes Czech 
War began when Germany attacked Poland
77
Q

Sitzkrieg

A

Quiet period In World War II through winter

Germans watched French forces behind Maginot line (border)

78
Q

Miracle of Dunkirk

A

Allies soldiers rescued from a French beach in ww2

79
Q

Teheran conference

A

Stalin asked his allies to open a second front in France during World War II
Only soviets would liberate the east

80
Q

Yalta conference

A

Each Allie would occupy a separate zone of Germany after ww2

81
Q

Potsdam conference

A

Truman demanded immediate free elections throughout Eastern Europe but Stalin refused
Nazi leaders would be tried
After v-e day

82
Q

Marshall plan

A

After ww2 American aided European countries to prevent the spread of communism

83
Q

Khrushchev

A

He secret speech attacked Stalin
Destalinization
Shift of goods from military to agriculture
Closed labor camps

84
Q

Anschluss

A

Union of Germany and Austria when Hitler annexed Austria

85
Q

Secret provision of the Nazi Soviet nonaggression pact

A

Germany and Soviet union would split Poland in half

86
Q

Soviets called World War II…

A

The great patriotic war of the fatherland

AP Euro (3 decks)

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