Final Flashcards
Selenium absorption
+ Vitamins A, C, E, low glutathione
- Heavy metals (mercury)
Chromium Absorption
+ Amino acids as well as picolinic acid
- Phytic acid, alkaline conditions (olation)
Iodine stuff
THS 531
goitrogens 533
Energy Releasing vitamins
B1 Thiamin B2 Riboflavin B3 Niacin B5 Pantothenic acid B6 B7 Biotin
Hematopoietic vitamins
Folate
B5 Pantothenic Acid
B6
B12 Cobalamin
Beriberi Muscle weakness anorexia tachycardia enlarged heart edema
Thiamin B1 deficiency
Cheilosis glossitis angular stomatitis photophobia hyperemia and edema of pharyngeal and oral mucous membranes
Riboflavin B2 deficiency
Pellagra diarrhea dermatitis mental confusion dementia
Niacin B3 deficiency
Numbness and tingling in hands and feet
vomiting
fatigue
Pantothenic acid deficiency
rare
dry scaly dermatitis anorexia nausea glossitis depression
Biotin deficiency
Dermatitis
Glossitis
convulsions
B6 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia diarrhea fatigue depression confusion
Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
degeneration of peripheral nerves
B12 deficiency
Scurvy hyperkeratosis of hair follicles psychological manifestations slowed wound healing bleeding gums spontaneous rupture of capillaries
C deficiency
Which minerals are considered ultra-trace
Boron Silicon Lithium Vanadium Tin Nickel Bromine Cadmium Fluorine Lead
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoperosis
tetany
Calcium deficiency
Neuromuscular hyperexcitability
muscle weakness
tetany
Magnesium deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Neuromuscular, skeletal, hematologic, and cardiac manifestations
Phosphorus deficiency
Macromineral with no known deficiency
Sulfur deficiency
Anorexia nausea muscle atrophy poor growth weight loss
Sodium deficiency
Muscular Weakness mental apathy cardiac arrhythmias paralysis bone fragility
Potassium deficiency
In infants: loss of appetite, failure to thrive, weakness, lethargy, severe hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
Chloride deficiency
Glucose intolerance
glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities
Chromium deficiency
Anemia
Neurotropia
bone and blood vessel abnormalities
impaired immune function
Copper deficiency
Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
Iodine deficiency
Anemia
fatigue
impaired work performance
decreased resistance to infection
Iron deficiency
Impaired growth
skeletal abnormalities
impaired CNS
Manganese deficiency
Affects animals as well
Hypermethionemia
More urinary xanthine sulfite excretion
Less urinary sulfate and urate excretion
Molybdenum deficiency
Myalgia
Cardiac myopathy
poor growth
abnormal sulfur metabolism
Selenium deficiency
Poor wound healing subnormal growth anorexia impaired taste/smell impaired reproductive development
Zinc deficiency
Metallic taste
Copper deficiency
Zinc toxicity
Wilson’s disease
hematuri, oilguria, anuria
liver and kidney damage
Copper Toxicity
Hair and nail brittleness or loss
parasthesia
Selenium toxicity
Burning of mouth, throat, and stomach
Thyroid issues
Iodine toxicity
xerosis
Bitot’s spots
night blindness
A deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
D deficiency
Myopathy
anemia
Neuropathy
E deficiency
defective blood clotting
K deficiency
Without this mineral, Iron cannot beoxidized to the ferrix state and transported out of the liver
Copper
Vitamin C and Iron
C releases ferric iron from ferritin and reduces iron to the ferrous form
Zinc and Iron
Zinc inhibits iron absorption and v/v minerals ingested together at a 2:1 ratio favoring non-heme iron
Vitamin A and Iron
low A causes increased Fe accumulation in the spleen and liver; also altered RBC morphology
Vitamin A and Zinc
zinc is important in making RBC’s which are needed to transport retinol. Without retinol, night blindness can occur.
Copper and Zinc
Zinc toxicity can induce Cu deficiency
Calcium and Zinc
compete for common absorption sites
Cadmium and Zinc
if Cadmium is high it prevents Zinc from binding to regular sites
High phosphorous stimulates (___) to suppress (___). doing so decreases the serum concentration of (___)
FGF23
Calcitriol
Calcium
