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Psych 367 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Tone Chroma

A

C’s in different octaves will have the same tone chroma, and fundamental frequencies will be multiples of each other.

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2
Q

Decibels vs loudness

A

decibels are a physical measure, where as loudness is a perception

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3
Q

Audibility curve

A

we hear between 20 and 20,000 hz with best perception around 2000-4000.

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4
Q

outer hair cells

A

increase vibration of the basilar membrane

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5
Q

inner hair cells

A

transductions from mechanical to electrical signal

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6
Q

tonotopic map

A

is found on the cochlea

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7
Q

presbycusis

A

loss of hearing for higher frequencies, more common in men than women, just because of the workplaces they are more prone to be in.

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8
Q

bird hair cellls

A

regenerate if damaged. so no presbycusis

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9
Q

sound is

A

change in air pressure

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10
Q

spectrogram

A

visual representation of sound by frequency and time

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11
Q

infrasound

A

we can hear

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12
Q

ultrasound

A

we can’t hear

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13
Q

lower frequencies travel…

A

further because they do not get broken up by trees etc.

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14
Q

sound travels better in water or air?

A

water because they are densely packed particles that will bounce off each other better

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15
Q

malleus incyus and stapes are meant to

A

amplify the sound so it transmits better into the liquid medium of the inner ear.

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16
Q

stapes is last step…

A

into oval window.

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17
Q

types of hair cells

A

inner and outer , inner

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18
Q

basilar membrane

A

supports the organ of corti

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19
Q

which fibres respond

A

place code theory

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20
Q

how fibres respond

A

rate code theory

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21
Q

base of basilar membrane is

A

3-4x narrower and 100x stiffer

22
Q

low frequencies are picked up

A

closer to apex where it is less stiff

23
Q

hearing loss

A

conductive hearing loss (receptor cells) and sensorineural hearing loss (damaged hair cells, or damaged auditory nerve)

24
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing loss at high frequencies - males affected - injured hair cells from

25
Q

what stream vs where stream

A

what is ventral

where is dorsal

26
Q

tonotopic map of hearing is found in

A

A1

27
Q

cochlear implant

A

microphone behind ear. sound processor. stimulates cochlea at different places

28
Q

what are the vibrations carried into the cochlea on?

A

the perilymph - like a wave

29
Q

closinga nd opening of ionc channels from cilia

A

opens when moved in one direction and close if moved in the other direction

30
Q

hair cell components

A

microvilli vs stereovilli (bigger)

31
Q

stereovilli

A

least and long stereovilli respond best to low frequencies

short and lots respond best to higher frequencies

32
Q

basilar membrane

A

translates mechanical energy into nervous energy

33
Q

azmuth vs elevation

A

azmuth is side to side, elevation is up down, 0 for both is always right in front of you

34
Q

owls are accurate to

A

1 degree azimuth and 2 degrees of elevation

35
Q

Interaural level difference (ILD)

A

happens for high not low frequencies - low can wrap around objects, so it is harder to specifically determine where the sound is coming from - between ears difference - determined by elevation (ears are offset)

36
Q

Inter-aural time difference

A

determined not by olives but by lateral. determined by azimuth

37
Q

barn owls ear preferences

A

right ear - hears up
left ear - hears down
this is because right ear is slightly higher than the left ear

38
Q

ITD pathwayt

A

Nucleus Magnocellularis (projects bilaterally) then to Nucleus Laminaris then to LCX/MLD

39
Q

ILD

A

Nucleus Angularis then to ICX/MLD

40
Q

Jefferson circuit

A

neurons where things line up fire

41
Q

map of auditory space vs tonotopic map

A

auditory space based on inter aural time and intensity difference. tonotopic map based on frequency

42
Q

Rate coding vs specificity coding

A

rate coding - rate of one vs the other. Owl’s have specificity coding -

43
Q

pinna adaptations

A

if we injure or lose our ears, we will adjust to how sound enters them. we have pinnae to determine elevation

44
Q

Wylie can determine

A

elevation over azmuth

45
Q

Precedence effect

A

direct vs indirect sound - for within 5ms - from first location, after that - later sounds have an effect on quality

46
Q

optimal time for a sound - 1.5 to 2 seconds.

A

known as reverberation time

47
Q

Intimacy time

A

when first sound leaves and first relocation (echo) arrives - ideal is 20 ms.

48
Q

bass ratio

A

higher bass ratio is best for concert halls

49
Q

spaciousness factor

A

high spaciousness factors are better

50
Q

auditory stream segregation

A

chet atkins - guitarists playing 2 melodies at once

51
Q

Occlusion in vision is like ___in hearing

A

phonemic restoration effect - see most of line so assume it goes through it - noise fills gaps in sound so perceive sound going through it

Psych 367 (3 decks)

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