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Psychology 100 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ physical,mental,emotional,social changes from conception to death.

A

developmental psychology

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2
Q

what is range of interest?

A

“womb to tomb”

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3
Q

_____age of viability and survival.

A

at 24 weeks

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4
Q

_____cause birth defects and/or developmental problems

A

teratogens

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5
Q

teratogens:

A 
ALCOHOL
-intellectual disabilities, low birth weight (LBW) 
CIGARETTE SMOKE
-LBW, still birth, miscarriage
- lasting cognitive delays
OVER THE COUNTER MEDS
- aspirin: prolonged labor, bleeding in mother and  baby
- acetaminohin and adhd
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6
Q

what area of development did Piaget study?

A

A. How we understand the world is important.
B. Four stages:
-sensory motor: reflexive, symbolic, baby explore, make connections.
-pre operational: egoecentric
- concrete operational: logical, making sense.
- formal operational: thinking obstractly

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7
Q

_____ attachment is an endearing emotional tie to someone(s), we seek closeness, need someone we can depend on

A

Attachment Theory

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8
Q

John Bowlby dealt with…

A

orphans

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9
Q

Mary Annsworth dealt with…

A

secure vs. insecure (the strange situation)

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10
Q

Harry Hallow dealt with…

A

The monkey research

The monkey would go to the cloth to have a secure bond and warmth

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11
Q

_____ how our thoughts, feelings, actions are influenced by others.

A

social pyschology

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12
Q

_____ people seek casual explanations for behaviors.

A

attribution theory

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13
Q

Attribution theory:

A

A. dis positional or situational
- personality or the little situation
B. Fundamental attribution error
-underestimating situational influences (for others)

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14
Q

What is conformity?

A

Fitting in with the norm

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15
Q

Solomon Asch…

A

study conformity

- took a group of people, and had two or three people act nieve

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16
Q

Normative social influence?

A

to be liked

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17
Q

Informational social influence?

A

others are better informed

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18
Q

stanley milgrim studied…

A

obedience

  • “everyday” people
  • ‘teachers” and what they thought was a memory studied
  • 65% rendured shocks of 450 volts to ‘learners”
  • confirmed that anyone can cause pain and suffering to another person
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19
Q

_____ prejudgments of individuals.

  • beliefs, emotions, predespositions
  • can lead to descriminating behaviors
A

prejudice

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20
Q

Scapegoat Theory…

A

we look for individuals or “out groups” to blame

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21
Q

_____ over generalized beliefs based on little or no evidence

A

stereotypes (can not be positive)

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22
Q

_____ people are less likely to help when others are around.

A

bystander effect (1964- kitty genesovie)

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23
Q

_____ characteristics pattern of the thinking and feeling

A

personality

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24
Q

Pyscho dynamic perspective:

A

focuses on the unconscience mind (Sigmond Freud)

25
Q

Sigmond Freud used the iceberg analogy. What is iceberg analogy?

A
  • Id-pleasure principal (anything that brings a person pleasure)
  • super ego- morals
  • ego- reality principal
26
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages- age and range- main body area focused

A 
fixation can occur at any point
- oral (first year):
feeding
- anal (toddlers):
toilet training
- phallic (early childhood):
oedepius (electra)
little boys in love with mom (little girls in love with dad)
- latency (school aged):
forgot oedipal desires
develop reality principal
-genital (adolescence):
re emergence of sexual instinct
27
Q

_____ a focus on one particular erogenous zone of the body.

A

fixation

28
Q

_____ states that a set of meaningful and distinct personality dimensions can be used to describe how people differ from one another.

A

trait theory

29
Q

what was Rotter’s basic idea ?

A
  • cognitive

- associated with the locus of control.

30
Q

what is the Big 5 ? OCEAN?

A

personality factors.
-often considered to be the basic traits under which all other aspects of personality fall.
Openness to experience: from outgoing interested in new things to reserved & conforming.
Conscientiousness: from organized & determined to careless.
Extroversion: from preferring group activities to preferring more solitude, small groups.
Agreeableness: from helpful and understanding to argumentative.
Neurotic-ism: from instability to reserved, calm.

31
Q

_____ the study of disorders of mind, mood, and behavior.

A

abnormal psychology.

32
Q

_____ a condition in which a person suffers from two or more mental disorders.

A

comorbidity

33
Q

_____ harmful dysfunction with unjustifiable behavior on four basic criteria.

A

psychological disorders

34
Q

4 basic standard:

A 
A. statistical infrequency (atypical)
B. disability or dysfunction (maladaptive)
- loss of normal functioning 
C. personal distress (disturbing)
D. Violation of norms
35
Q

____ hallucinations, dullisons, inappropriate.

A

schizophrenia

36
Q

______ a mental disorder in which a person feels anxious all the time without any identifiable reason.

A

anxiety disorder

37
Q

_____ a mental dis order in which a person regularly experiences emotional extremes.

A

mood disorder

38
Q

anxiety disorders:

A
  • muscle tension
  • irritability
  • difficulty sleeping
  • occasional gastrointestinal
39
Q

mood disorders:

A

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: characterized by prolonged or extreme periods of depression.
BIPOLAR DISORDERS: characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania.

40
Q

Treatments for disorders would be ?

A
  • antidepressants
  • cognitive therapy
  • electroconvulsive therapy
41
Q

what are the major psychotherapies?

A
  1. psychoanalysis (insight into unconscious origins; free assoociation freud)
  2. humanistic (conscious, growth, alertness, “psychological mirror”)
  3. behavior therapy (learning principles; counterconditioning)
  4. cognitive therapies (“thinking colors feelings”)
41
Q

what are the major psychotherapies?

A
  1. psychoanalysis (insight into unconscious origins; free assoociation freud)
  2. humanistic (conscious, growth, alertness, “psychological mirror”)
  3. behavior therapy (learning principles; counterconditioning)
  4. cognitive therapies (“thinking colors feelings”)
42
Q

who used free association?

A

Freud

42
Q

who used free association?

A

Freud

43
Q

_____ when allowing the patient speak for themselves instead of just saying what the psychologist believes.

A

free association

43
Q

_____ when allowing the patient speak for themselves instead of just saying what the psychologist believes.

A

free association

44
Q

which psychotherapy is the best ?

A

no one is the best; they all offer benefits, it just depends on the disorder.

44
Q

which psychotherapy is the best ?

A

no one is the best; they all offer benefits, it just depends on the disorder.

45
Q

_____ the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorders.

A

psychosurgery

45
Q

_____ the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorders.

A

psychosurgery

46
Q

_____ antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs & antidepressants. Its the efftect drugs have on moods, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

A

psychopharmacology

46
Q

_____ antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs & antidepressants. Its the efftect drugs have on moods, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

A

psychopharmacology

47
Q

what are the major psychotherapies?

A
  1. psychoanalysis (insight into unconscious origins; free assoociation freud)
  2. humanistic (conscious, growth, alertness, “psychological mirror”)
  3. behavior therapy (learning principles; counterconditioning)
  4. cognitive therapies (“thinking colors feelings”)
48
Q

who used free association?

A

Freud

49
Q

_____ when allowing the patient speak for themselves instead of just saying what the psychologist believes.

A

free association

50
Q

which psychotherapy is the best ?

A

no one is the best; they all offer benefits, it just depends on the disorder.

51
Q

_____ the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorders.

A

psychosurgery

52
Q

_____ antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs & antidepressants. Its the efftect drugs have on moods, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

A

psychopharmacology

Psychology 100 (2 decks)

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