Final 2018 Study guide Flashcards
Phases of mitosis
- Interphase- is the resting phase, waiting to get duplicated
- Prophase- form chromosome, then spit into a pair of chromatids, nucleus membrane disappears, centrioles begin to migrate to opposite sides
- Metaphase- centromes and chromatid pairs line up in the middle, centrioles at opposite end
- Anaphase- movement of complete identical sets of chromatids to opposite ends of cell, cleavage begins
- Telophase- nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes detach, cleavage furrow deeps in the mid cell until 2 daughters separate
Body systems and their functions
Integumentary System: largest organ of the skin. Excretion of waste, eliminates heat, protection against foreign material, acts on nerves receiving stimuli (monitoring temp, pressure)
Body systems and their functions
Neural System: composed of CNS and PNS/ neuroepithelial cells/ neurons: nerve cells that receive and conduct impulses and regulate muscle and gland activity/ neuroglial cells: supporting cells of the nervous system/ Composed of afferent (carry info and convey it from the peripheral nervous system in muscles and glands to the CNS) and efferent (convey responses from CNS to muscles and glands)
Body systems and their functions
Skeletal System: supplies fundamental framework on which all the muscles and ligaments of the body are attached. Bone encloses: brain, spinal cord, and lungs
When are tissues most susceptible to tetragens during which period?
Embryotic period is when you are more susceptible until the fetal period where the danger is gone.
Name 3 types of muscles
Skeletal Muscle: aid in movement, straited, voluntary
Smooth Muscle: aid in digestion movement, nonstriated, involuntary
Cardiac Muscle: walls of heart, straited, involuntary
What regulates our muscle activity?
Neurons
Structure of a neuron
Cell body (perikaryon)- contains the nucleus and cytoplasm
Axon- conducts nerve impulses away form the nerve cell body (sends to others)
Dendrite- receive impulses & conduct these impulses to the cell body (sensory cells)
Neuroglial cells are the supporting cells of the nervous system.
What structures derives from each arch?
- 1st arch: mandibular arch- forms mandible, muscles of mastication, nerves & blood supply (Merkles Cartilage)
- 2st arch: hyoid arch- facial muscles, vessels, & hyoid bone
- 3rd arch: common carotid arteries- supply neck, face, & brain
- 4th arch: dorsal aorta
- 5th arch: 2 & 5 grow into each other smoothing neck
- 6th arch: appears & disappears- supplies the lungs with pulmonary circulation
What is meckles?
Cartilage that forms in the mandible.
List the stages of tooth development in order
BUD, CAP, BELL, Dentinogenesis, Amelogenesis, Crown formation, Root formation, Functional eruption
Interaction between ____ and ___ initiates tooth development
Epithelial and Mesenchymal
The mesenchyme forms the dental papilla, which becomes ___________.
pulp
Define the epithelial root sheath
Outer & inner epithelial cells, 2 layers fuse together, start root formation & eruption HERS
What is the 1st step in root formation?
development root sheath/ tooth erupts /cells proliferate
