final 2.0 Flashcards
Where do we do a capillary glucose measurement?
In the side of the finger
Why do we wipe away first drop of blood?
Potential for extra fluid to alter readings?
Verbalize how you would take a capillary blood glucose measurement.
A capillary blood glucose measurement is taken thusly
Take all supplies to bed-side (including the scanner, strip lancette and swab)
Pick a finger that has no callouses on it or ask them to pick one
Squeeze finger, prick it with a lancette
Squeeze to make blood drop come out
Wipe away first one
Squeeze again, catch drop of blood on the reader of the strip
Read strip
What is DKA and how might it present in a patient?
Diabetic ketoacidosis wherein there is an overuse of ketones resulting in fruity breath and sweet-smelling urine. Excessive thirst too.
Draw up 4 Units of Insulin R and 12 Units of Insulin NPH in the same syringe. What order will you draw it up in?
Intermediate (N) swab and inject air into insulin N vial
Short (R) swab and inject air into insulin R vial
Short (R) Draw up R insulin
Intermediate (N) Draw up the N insulin
What kind of insulin are they and how fast will they work?
Intermediate (Normal) works in 2 hours
Short (Rapid) works in 30 minutes
Administer the injection. Verbalize what sites can be used for insulin and the angle of injection.
Stomach, back of the arm, upper back at a 45 degree angle
What is heparin?
Heparin is an anticoagulant
What are contraindications to Heparin administration?
Active bleeding, pregnancy, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
What is the correct size of subcutaneous syringe?
5/8ths of an inch syringe 1-1.6 cm
What is the maximum amount of volume in the subcutaneous site
Maximum 2 mls though that is debated
Why do we do a TB skin test
A TB skin test is done to test for tuberculosis via a mantoux test that will cause the skin to raise
TB injection test location
The location for the TB injection test is located in the middle of the forearm on the palm-side of the arm
Angle of TB test insertion
The needle should be nearly flush with the arm when injecting 5-15 degree angle
How do we read a tb skin test?
Must be read 48-72 hours after injection
Reading means looking for induration - a raised thickened area where injection was done
Immunocompromised people may show a positive result with a 5 mm area of induration, whereas a 15 mm area of induration is indicative of a positive result for healthy individuals
What other things might be given intradermal?
Allergy testing
Difference between filter needle and blunt fill
Filter needle has a rubber webbing to filter glass
Blunt fill is literally just a big needle that prevents needle stick injuries
Which do you use for a vial? An ampule?
Filter is for ampule, blunt-fill for a vial
What are some differences between vial and ampule?
Ampule’s are single use and need to be broken open
Vials are multi-used and should be swabbed beforehand if previously opened
if you have a single use vial and multi use vial, which would you draw up from first when mixing two medicaitons?
Draw from multi-use vial first as it cannot contaminate the single use vial
Single use to multi-use contaminates though
Name the different parts of a syringe
Plunger, barrel and tip
what are 3 parts of needles
hub, shaft, bevel
Would you draw up from a vial or ampule first if you were mixing two medications?
Draw up from vial first as ampoules are single-use and cannot be cross contaminated
How many liters would you put the oxygen to for: Nasal prongs
1-6 liters per minute
How many liters would you put the oxygen to for: Simple face mask
5-8 liters per minute
How many liters would you put the oxygen to for: Non-rebreather
10-15 liters per minute
What is a normal oxygen level?
95%+
What is normal oxygen for someone with COPD?
88-92
Signs of hypoxia include
restlessness , confusion , pallor , tachycardia and tachypnea, cyanosis of lips
What is the difference between High and Low flow oxygen delivery devices?
Low oxygen delivery devices suplement oxygen combine with room air while high delivery devices replace oxygen
Name two breathing exercises that require no equipment and how you would explain them to your patient.
Pursed lip breathing
Tripod position breathing
Verbalize the administration of nebulized medication
Insert mouth-piece into mouth and inhale the misted medication in slow, deep breaths for up to 10-15 minutes.
Atrovent and Ventolin, which would you give first and why?
This is a loaded question lmao
Atrovent is a scheduled maintenance med meant to prevent attakcs
Ventolin is a prn that provides immediate relief.
If you have to give both, you should PROBABLY go with the Ventolin first because it’s the EMERGENCY inhaler and trying to prevent an attack when its already happened is a bad move
What time of day is the best for sputum sample?
Early in the morning because built up mucous
