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1
Q

What is world development?

A

The process by which countries and regions improve the well-being of their people, focusing on social, economic, and political changes.

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2
Q

What are some key indicators used to measure development?

A
  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
  • Life Expectancy
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Literacy Rate
  • Access to Clean Water and Sanitation
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3
Q

What does GDP stand for and what does it indicate?

A

Gross Domestic Product; it indicates the total value of goods and services produced in a country.

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4
Q

True or False: A higher life expectancy often reflects better healthcare and living conditions.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the infant mortality rate?

A

The number of babies who die before reaching one year old.

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6
Q

What distinguishes MEDCs from LEDCs?

A
  • MEDCs have high levels of industrialisation and wealth.
  • LEDCs are still improving their economy and infrastructure.
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7
Q

Define poverty in the context of world development.

A

The condition of not having enough resources to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare.

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8
Q

How does poverty affect development?

A
  • Limits access to education
  • Prevents access to healthcare
  • Contributes to inequality
  • Stops individuals from reaching their potential
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9
Q

What role does education play in development?

A
  • Empowers people
  • Reduces poverty
  • Promotes gender equality
  • Improves healthcare
  • Strengthens economies
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10
Q

Why is healthcare crucial for development?

A
  • Reduces mortality rates
  • Increases life expectancy
  • Prevents disease spread
  • Supports quality of life
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11
Q

What is global inequality?

A

The unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities between different countries and people.

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12
Q

List the forms of global inequality.

A
  • Economic Inequality
  • Social Inequality
  • Political Inequality
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13
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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14
Q

What are the three pillars of sustainable development?

A
  • Environmental Sustainability
  • Economic Sustainability
  • Social Sustainability
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15
Q

How can countries reduce poverty?

A
  • Investing in Education
  • Improving Healthcare
  • Promoting Economic Growth
  • Reducing Inequality
  • Supporting Sustainable Practices
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16
Q

Why is international cooperation essential for world development?

A
  • Addresses global challenges
  • Shares knowledge and resources
  • Provides financial aid
  • Promotes peace and security
  • Supports global agreements
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17
Q

What are some challenges to world development?

A
  • Conflict and War
  • Climate Change
  • Corruption
  • Limited Resources
  • Globalisation
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18
Q

Fill in the blank: Understanding world development is essential for recognising the _______.

A

challenges and opportunities facing different countries.

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19
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, cultures, economies, and people across the world.

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20
Q

What are some key drivers of globalisation?

A
  • Advances in Technology
  • Trade Liberalisation
  • Capital Flows and Investment
  • Political Changes
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21
Q

How has technology contributed to globalisation?

A
  • Communication advancements (internet, mobile phones)
  • Development of faster transport modes (container ships, airplanes)
  • Spread of digital technologies (e-commerce, online banking)
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22
Q

What role did trade liberalisation play in globalisation?

A

It involved reducing tariffs and trade barriers, exemplified by the establishment of the WTO in 1995 and various trade agreements.

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23
Q

What are the positives of globalisation?

A
  • Economic Growth and Development
  • Access to New Markets
  • Spread of Technology and Knowledge
  • Cultural Exchange and Diversity
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24
Q

What economic benefits does globalisation provide?

A
  • Access to larger markets
  • Foreign investment opportunities
  • Job creation by multinational companies
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25
What are some negatives of globalisation?
* Economic Inequality * Job Losses and Wage Pressure * Environmental Degradation * Cultural Homogenisation * Loss of National Sovereignty * Health Risks and Pandemics
26
How does globalisation contribute to economic inequality?
Wealth creation benefits large multinational corporations and wealthy nations disproportionately, leaving many developing countries struggling with poverty.
27
What impact does globalisation have on jobs in high-cost countries?
Workers may lose jobs or face wage cuts as companies shift production to countries with cheaper labor.
28
What environmental issues are associated with globalisation?
* Overexploitation of natural resources * Deforestation * Pollution * Climate change
29
What is cultural homogenisation?
The dominance of a few cultures, particularly Western culture, often at the expense of local traditions and identities.
30
True or False: Globalisation enhances national sovereignty.
False
31
Fill in the blank: The increased movement of people and goods across borders can facilitate the spread of _______.
diseases
32
What are the potential risks of globalisation for local economies and environments?
It can intensify inequality, environmental damage, and cultural erosion.
33
What will determine the future evolution of globalisation?
How societies manage its risks and opportunities, balancing prosperity with protection of local economies, environments, and cultures.
34
What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period, like a year.
35
Why does GDP matter?
A higher GDP often means the country has a larger economy and is wealthier.
36
What does rising GDP generally indicate?
Rising GDP often indicates that people are buying and selling more, leading to more jobs and higher wages.
37
What are income levels?
Income levels refer to the average amount of money that people in a country earn.
38
Why are higher income levels significant?
Higher income levels suggest a wealthier population because people can afford more goods and services.
39
What does the unemployment rate measure?
The unemployment rate measures the percentage of people in the workforce looking for a job but unable to find one.
40
Why is a low unemployment rate important?
A low unemployment rate is often a sign of a healthy economy.
41
What is inflation?
Inflation is the rate at which prices for goods and services increase over time.
42
How does moderate inflation affect the economy?
Moderate inflation is a sign of a growing economy.
43
What does wealth distribution indicate?
Wealth distribution shows how wealth is shared among people in a country.
44
Why is income inequality a concern?
Large income inequality can create social problems and limit economic opportunities for many people.
45
What is government debt?
Government debt is the total amount of money the government owes to others.
46
Why does manageable government debt matter?
Manageable levels of debt can be useful for investing in the future.
47
What does the standard of living refer to?
The standard of living refers to how comfortable and well-off people are in a country.
48
What factors are often used to measure standard of living?
Factors include access to healthcare, education, housing, and clean water.
49
What does trade balance indicate?
Trade balance shows whether a country is exporting more goods and services than it is importing.
50
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
The HDI is a composite measure that looks at income, life expectancy, and education levels to rank countries based on human development.
51
Why is HDI important?
A higher HDI indicates a wealthier country in terms of quality of life, not just economic output.
52
What do savings and investment levels indicate?
Savings and investment levels indicate how much people save and invest in the economy.
53
Why are savings and investments important for the economy?
More savings and investments lead to more business activity, job creation, and overall wealth growth.
54
Fill in the blank: Wealth isn't just about how much money a country has, but also about how that money is _______.
distributed
55
What key factors are used to measure wealth?
Factors include GDP, income levels, unemployment, inflation, income inequality, government debt, standard of living, trade balance, HDI, and savings and investment.
56
57
What does GDP stand for?
Gross Domestic Product
58
What does GNP stand for?
Gross National Product
59
Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country, regardless of whether the producers are domestic or foreign.
60
What is the focus of GDP?
It focuses on the location of production.
61
What does GDP include?
All economic activities within the country, whether carried out by domestic or foreign companies.
62
Define Gross National Product (GNP)
GNP measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country's residents anywhere in the world, whether inside or outside the country’s borders.
63
What is the focus of GNP?
It focuses on the ownership of production.
64
What does GNP include?
The income earned by nationals from abroad but excludes income earned by foreign residents within the country.
65
Fill in the blank: GDP focuses on _______ while GNP focuses on _______.
location; ownership
66
True or False: GDP includes profits earned by foreign companies operating in the country.
True
67
True or False: GNP includes profits earned by foreign companies operating within the country.
False
68
What happens to profits generated by a foreign company operating in the country regarding GDP and GNP?
Counts toward GDP but not toward GNP.
69
What happens to profits generated by a domestic company operating abroad regarding GDP and GNP?
Counts toward GNP but not toward GDP.
70
Example: If an American company builds a factory in Spain, where do the profits count?
Spain's GDP; America's GNP
71
Example: If a Spanish company operates in the US, where do the profits count?
Spain’s GNP; not GDP
72
In summary, what does GDP measure?
Economic output within a country.
73
In summary, what does GNP measure?
Economic output of a country's residents, regardless of location.

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