Final Flashcards
What does Global development mean?
refers to the process by which countries and regions improve the well-being of
their people, focusing on social, economic, and political changes.
Explain the indicators used to measure development.
GDP: The total value of goods and services produced in a country.
Life Expectancy: average number of years a person is expected to live.
Infant Mortality Rate: The number of babies who die before reaching one year old.
* Literacy Rate*: percentage of people who can read and write.
Access to Clean Water and Sanitation: The percentage of people who have access to clean water and proper sanitation
Explain the difference between LEDCs and MEDCs
MEDCs: These countries have high levels of industrialisation, wealth, and well-established
infrastructure. Examples include the United States, Japan, and Germany.
LEDCs:These countries are still working to improve their economy and infrastructure.
They often have higher rates of poverty, lower literacy rates, and limited access to healthcare and education. Examples include India, Kenya, and Brazil.
What is poverty?
Poverty is the condition of not having enough resources to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare.
How does poverty affect development? (Healthcare, education, global inequality, sustainable development)
- Limiting access to education, which reduces skills and job opportunities.
- Preventing access to healthcare, leading to higher disease rates and lower life expectancy.
- Contributing to inequality, where the rich get richer while the poor remain stuck in poverty.
- affects social sustainability as it doesn’t provide proper education, healthcare, a safe environment and basic needs.
How can countries reduce poverty and improve development?
- Investing in Education: Providing quality education for all people to give them skills to secure better jobs.
- Improving Healthcare: Ensuring access to basic healthcare services and preventing the spread of diseases.
- Promoting Economic Growth: Encouraging businesses, creating jobs, and improving infrastructure.
- Reducing Inequality: Implementing policies that give all people, regardless of background, a chance to succeed
- Supporting Sustainable Practices: Protecting the environment and using natural resources
wisely to ensure future generations can thrive.
Explain the challenges to world development.
- Conflict and War: War destroys infrastructure, displaces people, and disrupts economies,
making it difficult for countries to develop. - Climate Change: Extreme weather, rising sea levels, and droughts can devastate
communities and economies, especially in poorer countries. - Corruption: Corruption in governments can prevent money and resources from being used
properly for development. - Limited Resources: Some countries lack the natural resources or financial means to fund
their own development. - Globalisation: While globalisation can create opportunities, it can also increase inequality
and put pressure on local economies and cultures.
What is globalization?
Globalisation refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among
countries, cultures, economies, and people across the world.
How has globalization come about?
- Advances in Technology: internet, phones, transportation
- Trade Liberalisation: WTO, key factor in promoting free trade. NAFTA & EU, increased cross-border commerce.
- Capital Flows and Investment: liberalisation of financial markets and the movement of capital across borders
have enabled global investment and the establishment of multinational companies. - Political Changes:
◦ The end of the Cold War in the 1990s opened up new markets, especially in former
communist countries
Explain the pros and cons of globalization.
Pros
1. Economic Growth and Development:
has contributed to economic growth, especially in developing
countries, by providing access to larger markets
2. Access to New Markets:
Companies can access international markets, allowing them to scale their businesses,
increase profits, and innovate.
3. Spread of Technology and Knowledge:
has facilitated the rapid spread of technology, including advancements
in medicine, education, and science.
improved health outcomes.
4. Cultural Exchange and Diversity:
◦ People have greater access to cultural products from other countries, such as food,
music, movies, and art.
Cons
4. Cultural Homogenisation:
◦ Globalisation can lead to the dominance of a few cultures, particularly Western
culture, often at the expense of local traditions, languages, and identities.
5. Loss of National Sovereignty:
◦ Some argue that globalisation undermines national sovereignty, as countries become
more reliant on international agreements and organisations
6. Health Risks and Pandemics:
◦ The increased movement of people, goods, and animals across borders can also
facilitate the spread of diseases
What is economic activity?
What is non-economic activity?
What is tourism?
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of tourism.
Explain the types of tourism.
What is sustainable tourism?
What does sustainable tourism involve?
What is GNP?
What is GDP?
What are the differences between GNP and GDP?
Explain the division of power in spain.
