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Pharmacology > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

Medication taken by mouth must go through the digestive system so it requires a higher dose

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2
Q

Sympathetic effects

A

Fight or flight
Increased HR, RR, slowed digestion, bronchodilation, inhibits bladder control

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3
Q

Parasympathetic effects

A

Rest and digest
Decreased HR, RR, increased digestion, bronchoconstriction,
contracts bladder

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4
Q

Advantages of inhalation therapy

A

Less side effects, rapid onset, smaller doses, safe and convenient

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5
Q

Routes of administration

A

oral (PO), sublingual (SL), nasogastric tube (NG), PEG tube, rectal (PR)
IV, IM, SC, transdermal and inhalation

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6
Q

Drug metabolism takes place in…

A

Your liver

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7
Q

Drug excretion takes place in…

A

Your kidneys

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8
Q

Class of albuterol and action

A

Beta 2 agonist (adrenergic)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)
Short acting (rescue) SABA

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9
Q

Inspiratory flow rate for DPI

A

40-60 L/m

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10
Q

Continuous nebulization is used to treat…

A

Severe asthma

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11
Q

Beta 1 response is…

A

increased HR and force of contraction

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12
Q

Beta 2 response is…

A

Dilation of lungs

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13
Q

Alpha response is…

A

In the vessels (BP)

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14
Q

What drugs do we want to avoid contact with the eyes?

A

Anticholinergics like Atropine, Atrovent and Spiriva - pupil dilation

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15
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, increased HR, bronchial dilation

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16
Q

What is racemic epinephrine used for?

A

Croup, stridor, decreased bleeding, upper airway swelling (it is an alpha stimulator)

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17
Q

Maintenance drug classes

A

LABA and ICS

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18
Q

Rescue drug class

A

SABA

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19
Q

Dornase Alfa trade name

A

Pulmozyme

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20
Q

How do expectorants work?

A

Increases volume of hydration of secretions

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21
Q

What do we give to help with excessive mucus?

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Must give with a bronchodilator

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22
Q

What is surfactant given for and what are some brand/generic names?

A

Respiratory distress in premature babies and babies in respiratory distress (calfactant, Curosurf, Infasurf)

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23
Q

How can corticosteroids be administered?

A

MDI, DPI or nebulizer

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24
Q

What do we do when we need to take our patient off of oral steroids?

A

Wean them (taper them)
Also, we can use an aerosolized steroid to help with the weaning

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25
Q

What drug do we need to rinse our mouth out after taking and why?

A

ICS (inhaled corticosteroids)
To prevent thrush

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26
Q

What are non steroidal long-lasting asthma meds?

A

LABAs and LAMAs

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27
Q

What class of drug is Salmeterol?

A

LABA

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28
Q

What is the most consistent level of nicotine replacement?

A

The patch

29
Q

What are some other nicotine replacement products to relieve withdrawal symptoms?

A

Gum, Lozenge, Nasal Spray, Inhaler, Pill

30
Q

What has a low count in your body with a viral infection?

A

WBCs

31
Q

What is the treatment for CF and how is it administered?

A

Tobramycin - aerosolized (SVN)

32
Q

What is the treatment of MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

What is the medication for the treatment of C Diff?

A

Flagyl

34
Q

What are the the first and second line of defense for TB?

A

First line - Isoniazid and Rifampin
Second line- Streptomycin

35
Q

What is the treatment for RSV and how is it delivered?

A

Ribavirin through a SPAG

36
Q

What is the treatment for the flu when they have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days?

A

Zanamivir (DPI) or Tamiflu (Oral)

37
Q

What is the treatment for thrush?

A

Nystatin

38
Q

What is pentamidine used for and how is it administered?

A

For HIV patients that develop PCP and it is given through a Respirgard nebulizer

39
Q

What med is used to treat severe anti-fungal diseases?

A

Amphotericin B

40
Q

What is the first line of defense against hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretics and beta blockers

41
Q

What is the first line of defense against hypotension?

A

First- Fluid replacement
Second- Vasopressors (Levophed)

42
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do? What is the most common side effect?

A

Vasodilates by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotension I to II (which is a vasoconstrictor)
SIDE EFFECT - dry cough

43
Q

What are glycosides used to treat? Why? What is a common glycoside?

A

Glycosides are used to treat CHF because they increase the contractibility of the heart.
Digitalis

44
Q

Who do we NOT give beta blockers to?

A

COPD and asthma patients

45
Q

What is the combo treatment for CHF?

A

Cardiac glycosides and diuretics

46
Q

What is nitroglycerin and what is it used for? What forms does it come in?

A

It is a vasodilator and it is used to treat angina. It decreases preload and afterload. It comes in sublingual spray, IV or patch.

47
Q

What does the acronym MONA stand for?

A

Treatment for initial heart attack symptoms in this order
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Morphine

48
Q

What are the most common loop diuretics and what are they used for?

A

Furosemide (Lasix) and Bumex and they are used to treat pulmonary edema due to CHF

49
Q

What are the 3 common types of diuretics?

A

Loop, thiazides and potassium sparing

50
Q

What do beta blockers do and what do they end in?

A

They slow HR allowing for more ventricular filling (lower BP) and they end in LOL

51
Q

What is the post MI therapy?

A

Aspirin, beta blocker and ACE

52
Q

What is an anti platelet and an example?

A

Reduces the likelihood that clots will form
Aspirin and Plavix

53
Q

What is an anticoagulant?

A

Blood thinner- prevents the formation of fibrin clots

54
Q

Name an indirect and direct anticoagulant

A

Indirect- warfarin and heparin
Direct- Pradaxa and Eliquis

55
Q

What is a thrombolytic and what does it end in?

A

Dissolves clots and ends in ASE- med called tPa

56
Q

What is the most common treatment of SVT and what is the dose and side effects?

A

Adenosine- 6 mg and then 12
Cough and bronchospasm

57
Q

What is a depolarizing agent and what procedure is it used for?

A

Succinylcholine and it is a paralytic. It lasts 60-90 seconds and it used to intubate.

58
Q

What is the difference between non-depolarizing and depolarizing paralytics?

A

Non-depolarizing takes longer to work and has a longer duration.
Depolarizing has a quicker onset and shorter duration. Depolorizing can’t be reversed.

59
Q

What are the most common combo for conscious sedation?

A

Versed and Fentanyl

60
Q

What are benzodiazepines?

A

Anxiolytics- relieve anxiety

61
Q

What drugs are administered endotracheally?

A

Narcan, Atropine, Valium, Versed, Vasopressin, Epinephrine and Lidocaine

62
Q

What is an example of a sedative and what does it stimulate?

A

Precedex and it stimulates the ALPHA 2 receptors

63
Q

What are the H’s and T’s?

A

The causes of pulseless electrical activity and asystole

64
Q

What is the treatment for bradycardia and what is the dose?

A

Atropine and the dose is 1 mg every 3-5 minutes not to exceed 3 mg

65
Q

What is used for A fib and A flutter?

A

Betapace

66
Q

What is the treatment for pulseless VT, VF, PEA and asystole? What dose?

A

Epinephrine - 1 mg IV every 3-5 mins
No cap on how much

67
Q

What is Amiodarone used for and the dose? And what is the alternative?

A

Unstable VT- 300 mg
Stable VT- 150
Alternative is Lidocaine

68
Q

What are some common anesthetics?

A

Propofol, etomidate and ketamine

69
Q
A

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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