Final Flashcards
How do you fill in an orbital diagram?
- Start with the lowest energy levels
- Each sublevel should have one electron before any are doubled up
- Electrons in the same sublevel need to have an opposite spin but always start with an up arrow
What are inner electrons called in an atom?
Core electrons
Relative abundance
Percentage of each isotope in the sample
Coulomb’s Law
The force between electrons and the nucleus are strongest with a small atom with large charges.
Noble gas electron configuration
Put the noble gas in brackets and finish the configuration after the gas
How do you determine empirical formula?
- Turn each element into moles
- Then, divide every element by the lowest mole value
- If you are within .1 of a whole number round to the nearest whole number, if not multiply by a factor to get all whole numbers
- Each value you find is a subscript for the element.
What are outer electrons called in an atom?
Valence electrons
How do you determine molecular formula if you have empirical formula?
- Find the molar mass of empirical formula
- Divide molar mass of solution by empirical formula mass to find factor
- Multiply all subscripts in empirical formula by value
What does a high relative abundance mean for an isotope?
The isotope with the highest relative abundance is going to be the average atomic mass
Which electrons would be hardest to remove?
The electrons closest to the nucleus or the lower-energy orbitals.
What should the relative abundance on a mass spectroscopy equal?
100
Mass Percentage Formula
Mass of Substance/ Total Mass of Mixture times 100
Percent composition formula
For each element do: Mass of element/ Divided by total molar mass of substance
Isotope
Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and mass numbers
Average atomic mass formula
Relative abundance as a decimal times mass of isotope
