final Flashcards
Type of tympanogram: A
Means that the function of the middle ear is normal.
Type of tympanogram: As
Means the tympanic membrane is hypomobile.
Type of tympanogram: Ad
Means that the tympanic membrane is hypermobile.
Type of tympanogram: B
Indicates that there is fluid accumulation.
Type of tympanogram: C
suggestive of Eustachian tube dysfunction
If a hearing loss is conductive or has a conductive component, YOU CANNOT
OBTAIN acoustic reflexes (T/F)
True
Where does electrocochleography originate from?
cochlea and auditory nerve
The neural generators for each wave of the Auditory Brainstem Response:
Wave 1 and 2: Cochlear Nerve
Wave 3: Cochlear Nucleus
Wave 4: Superior Olivary Complex
Wave 5: Inferior Colliculus/Lateral Lemniscus
Measures whether a reflex contraction is
maintained or weakens during continuous stimulation (usually 10 seconds)
Acoustic Reflex Decay
What is the importance of signal averaging when gathering data for the Auditory
Brainstem Response (ABR)?
to eliminate the averaging unrelated activity and reveal the auditory evoked potential
Interpeak latency (IPL) of Wave I-III tells us ________ conduction; Interpeak latency (IPL)
of Wave III-V tells us about ________ conduction
Nerve; Brainstem
What is an Auditory Brainstem Response used for?
ABR is utilized as a threshold predictor for infants and children. It is also utilized to help distinguish whether a patient has a cochlear or retrocochlear disorder.
Refers to the technique of measuring auditory late response (ALRs) for the purpose of assessing hearing ability.
Cortical Evoked response audiometry
According to the Joint committee For Infant Hearing (JCIH), Infant screening should be performed prior to ____________ months of age; should receive “comprehensive audiological” evaluation prior to ________ months of age; should receive appropriate intervention prior to _________ months of age.
1, 3, 6
Type of audiometry is performed when a toy is used as a positive reinforcement for look in the direction of the correct sound source?
Operant Conditioning Audiometry
Play behavioral/aud
Tones are presented via earphones or a sound-field speaker
* Children are taught by demonstration to
respond to the tones with a variety of
possible actions
– E.g., placing a ring on a peg, block in a box, or a bead in a bucket
* Success of play audiometry is dependent upon (1) motivation, (2) contiguity, (3) generalization across frequency and
intensity, (4) discrimination, and (5)
reinforcement
Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)
Used during the first 6 to 8 months of age
* Involve the child’s response to a sound through auditory
localization
* For sounds to be localized, hearing thresholds much be
similar in both ears
* If a child does not turn to locate a sound by the age of 8
months, it can be suspected that something is wrong
What is the cross-check principle?
The cross-check principle mentions that relying on one audiometric measure should not be considered valid until you have obtained an independent cross of its validity.
This part of a hearing aid BOOSTS the electrical response and then delivers to the signal to the loudspeaker.
Amplifier
This part of the hearing aid moves in response to the pressure waves of sound, converting the acoustic signal into an electrical signal.
Microphone
The amplifier of a hearing aid DELIVERS its electrical signal to a loudspeaker
Reciever
In the ear (ITE) hearing aid
*aids are grouped into numerous substyles based on size
* For all substyles, the microphone port is located on the hearing aid faceplate
* Microphone location takes advantage of the natural resonance characteristics of the pinna * This advantage increases with ITC and CIC devices as the microphone is located deeper in the outer ear system
Behind the ear (BTE)
- contain the bulk of the hearing aid
hardware in a non-custom case behind the ear - The case is coupled to the ear using a tube or wire
attached to some form of coupler - The microphones are usually located on the top or and on the back side of the device
- External controls for patient manipulation, usually an on/off switch and volume control, are also located on the back side
Receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) or receiver-in-the-canal (RIC) style
- The loudspeaker is located in the ear canal
- The amplified and processed electrical signal is delivered to the loudspeaker via a thin wire running from the body of the aid
Why would an “open fit” be good for a patient with normal low frequency hearing?
minimizes the occlusion effect
The amount by which sound has been made louder; the most basic function of hearing aids is to increase
Gain
The fundamental means by which hearing aids provide benefit is by increasing sound intensity. _______________ intensity is how loud the sound is LEAVING the hearing aid
Output
The fundamental means by which hearing aids provide benefit is by increasing sound intensity. ___________________ intensity is how loud the sound is ENTERING the hearing aid.
Input
Linear gain
- means that the same amount of
amplification, or gain, is applied to an input signal regardless of the intensity level of the original signal - If the gain of the amplifier is, say, 20 dB, then a linear CHARACTERISTICS amplifier will increase an input signal of 40 to 60 dB; an input of 50 to 70 dB; an input of 60 to 80 d
Nonlinear gain
*means that the amount of gain is different for different input levels
*might boost a 30 dB signal to 65 dB
but a 70 dB signal to only 80 dB
Directionality vs Noise reduction
- Directional microphones focus sensitivity toward the front of the listener, thereby attenuating or reducing unwanted “noise” or competition emanating from behind the listener
*Noise-reduction: Slow noise reduction is based on how speech and noise change over time; Fast noise reduction algorithms depend on the use of directional microphones and sound scene analysis to determine whether a signal in a given moment is speech or noise
What can be treated using a bone anchored hearing aid?
Single sided deafness
CROS hearing aid
appropriate for people who have normal hearing in the better-hearing ear
BiCROS hearing aid
appropriate for people who have hearing loss in the better-hearing ear
3 main components of a cochlear implant
A cochlear implant has a receiver, an electrode array, and a sound processor.
The basic strategy behind a middle ear implant is to use a surgically implanted component to drive the middle ear ossicles with direct stimulation so that they, in turn, deliver amplified vibratory energy to the cochlea. Therefore, middle ear implants are designed to treat which type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing impairment
abnormality that is psychological, physiological or anatomical
Hearing disability
Difficulty performing biological/socially useful functions
Hearing handicap
way in which individuals are disadvantaged in fulfilling their role
Prelingual
is hearing loss prior to the acquisition of speech/language and
Perilingual
is hearing loss occurring during timeframe of acquiring speech/language.
Postlingual
loss occurring after developing speech/language
In aural rehabilitation, a type of communication mode is “Total Communication”, what does this entail/involve?
hearing/listening, signing, speechreading
Ways in which audiologist can assist in managing tinnitus.
*Use of hearing aids with and/or without tinnitus masker program
*Use of noise maskers (white-noise generators; fans, radios, tinnitus apps, musical/tonal generators (Neuromonics)
*Pharmacological: Prescribed Medications and/or vitamins-results vary
*Therapy based: example CBT
Auditory Closure
refers to the ability to identify words when sounds in those words are distorted or masked by noise.
Binaural Integration
refers to the ability, when presented with a different message at each ear, to identify those different message
Binaural Separation
refers to the ability, when presented with a different message at each ear, to identify one message while ignoring
the other message.
Auditory Temporal Patterning
refers to the ability to recognize stress and intonation changes that add to the meaning of speec
Auditory Temporal Resolution
refers to the ability to detect rapid changes in a set of sounds and that is important given that speech itself is a rapidly changing set of sounds.
Auditory Binaural Interaction
refers to the ability to use differences in timing, intensity, and/or frequency of sounds between the two ears that help us hear better in noise.
