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final Flashcards

1
Q

Type of tympanogram: A

A

Means that the function of the middle ear is normal.

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2
Q

Type of tympanogram: As

A

Means the tympanic membrane is hypomobile.

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3
Q

Type of tympanogram: Ad

A

Means that the tympanic membrane is hypermobile.

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4
Q

Type of tympanogram: B

A

Indicates that there is fluid accumulation.

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5
Q

Type of tympanogram: C

A

suggestive of Eustachian tube dysfunction

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6
Q

If a hearing loss is conductive or has a conductive component, YOU CANNOT
OBTAIN acoustic reflexes (T/F)

A

True

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7
Q

Where does electrocochleography originate from?

A

cochlea and auditory nerve

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8
Q

The neural generators for each wave of the Auditory Brainstem Response:

A

Wave 1 and 2: Cochlear Nerve
Wave 3: Cochlear Nucleus
Wave 4: Superior Olivary Complex
Wave 5: Inferior Colliculus/Lateral Lemniscus

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9
Q

Measures whether a reflex contraction is
maintained or weakens during continuous stimulation (usually 10 seconds)

A

Acoustic Reflex Decay

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10
Q

What is the importance of signal averaging when gathering data for the Auditory
Brainstem Response (ABR)?

A

to eliminate the averaging unrelated activity and reveal the auditory evoked potential

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11
Q

Interpeak latency (IPL) of Wave I-III tells us ________ conduction; Interpeak latency (IPL)
of Wave III-V tells us about ________ conduction

A

Nerve; Brainstem

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12
Q

What is an Auditory Brainstem Response used for?

A

ABR is utilized as a threshold predictor for infants and children. It is also utilized to help distinguish whether a patient has a cochlear or retrocochlear disorder.

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13
Q

Refers to the technique of measuring auditory late response (ALRs) for the purpose of assessing hearing ability.

A

Cortical Evoked response audiometry

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14
Q

According to the Joint committee For Infant Hearing (JCIH), Infant screening should be performed prior to ____________ months of age; should receive “comprehensive audiological” evaluation prior to ________ months of age; should receive appropriate intervention prior to _________ months of age.

A

1, 3, 6

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15
Q

Type of audiometry is performed when a toy is used as a positive reinforcement for look in the direction of the correct sound source?

A

Operant Conditioning Audiometry

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16
Q

Play behavioral/aud

A

Tones are presented via earphones or a sound-field speaker
* Children are taught by demonstration to
respond to the tones with a variety of
possible actions
– E.g., placing a ring on a peg, block in a box, or a bead in a bucket
* Success of play audiometry is dependent upon (1) motivation, (2) contiguity, (3) generalization across frequency and
intensity, (4) discrimination, and (5)
reinforcement

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17
Q

Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)

A

Used during the first 6 to 8 months of age
* Involve the child’s response to a sound through auditory
localization
* For sounds to be localized, hearing thresholds much be
similar in both ears
* If a child does not turn to locate a sound by the age of 8
months, it can be suspected that something is wrong

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18
Q

What is the cross-check principle?

A

The cross-check principle mentions that relying on one audiometric measure should not be considered valid until you have obtained an independent cross of its validity.

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19
Q

This part of a hearing aid BOOSTS the electrical response and then delivers to the signal to the loudspeaker.

A

Amplifier

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20
Q

This part of the hearing aid moves in response to the pressure waves of sound, converting the acoustic signal into an electrical signal.

A

Microphone

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21
Q

The amplifier of a hearing aid DELIVERS its electrical signal to a loudspeaker

A

Reciever

22
Q

In the ear (ITE) hearing aid

A

*aids are grouped into numerous substyles based on size
* For all substyles, the microphone port is located on the hearing aid faceplate
* Microphone location takes advantage of the natural resonance characteristics of the pinna * This advantage increases with ITC and CIC devices as the microphone is located deeper in the outer ear system

23
Q

Behind the ear (BTE)

A
  • contain the bulk of the hearing aid
    hardware in a non-custom case behind the ear
  • The case is coupled to the ear using a tube or wire
    attached to some form of coupler
  • The microphones are usually located on the top or and on the back side of the device
  • External controls for patient manipulation, usually an on/off switch and volume control, are also located on the back side
24
Q

Receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) or receiver-in-the-canal (RIC) style

A
  • The loudspeaker is located in the ear canal
  • The amplified and processed electrical signal is delivered to the loudspeaker via a thin wire running from the body of the aid
25
Q

Why would an “open fit” be good for a patient with normal low frequency hearing?

A

minimizes the occlusion effect

26
Q

The amount by which sound has been made louder; the most basic function of hearing aids is to increase

A

Gain

27
Q

The fundamental means by which hearing aids provide benefit is by increasing sound intensity. _______________ intensity is how loud the sound is LEAVING the hearing aid

A

Output

28
Q

The fundamental means by which hearing aids provide benefit is by increasing sound intensity. ___________________ intensity is how loud the sound is ENTERING the hearing aid.

A

Input

29
Q

Linear gain

A
  • means that the same amount of
    amplification, or gain, is applied to an input signal regardless of the intensity level of the original signal
  • If the gain of the amplifier is, say, 20 dB, then a linear CHARACTERISTICS amplifier will increase an input signal of 40 to 60 dB; an input of 50 to 70 dB; an input of 60 to 80 d
30
Q

Nonlinear gain

A

*means that the amount of gain is different for different input levels
*might boost a 30 dB signal to 65 dB
but a 70 dB signal to only 80 dB

31
Q

Directionality vs Noise reduction

A
  • Directional microphones focus sensitivity toward the front of the listener, thereby attenuating or reducing unwanted “noise” or competition emanating from behind the listener
    *Noise-reduction: Slow noise reduction is based on how speech and noise change over time; Fast noise reduction algorithms depend on the use of directional microphones and sound scene analysis to determine whether a signal in a given moment is speech or noise
32
Q

What can be treated using a bone anchored hearing aid?

A

Single sided deafness

33
Q

CROS hearing aid

A

appropriate for people who have normal hearing in the better-hearing ear

34
Q

BiCROS hearing aid

A

appropriate for people who have hearing loss in the better-hearing ear

35
Q

3 main components of a cochlear implant

A

A cochlear implant has a receiver, an electrode array, and a sound processor.

36
Q

The basic strategy behind a middle ear implant is to use a surgically implanted component to drive the middle ear ossicles with direct stimulation so that they, in turn, deliver amplified vibratory energy to the cochlea. Therefore, middle ear implants are designed to treat which type of hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

37
Q

Hearing impairment

A

abnormality that is psychological, physiological or anatomical

38
Q

Hearing disability

A

Difficulty performing biological/socially useful functions

39
Q

Hearing handicap

A

way in which individuals are disadvantaged in fulfilling their role

40
Q

Prelingual

A

is hearing loss prior to the acquisition of speech/language and

41
Q

Perilingual

A

is hearing loss occurring during timeframe of acquiring speech/language.

42
Q

Postlingual

A

loss occurring after developing speech/language

43
Q

In aural rehabilitation, a type of communication mode is “Total Communication”, what does this entail/involve?

A

hearing/listening, signing, speechreading

44
Q

Ways in which audiologist can assist in managing tinnitus.

A

*Use of hearing aids with and/or without tinnitus masker program
*Use of noise maskers (white-noise generators; fans, radios, tinnitus apps, musical/tonal generators (Neuromonics)
*Pharmacological: Prescribed Medications and/or vitamins-results vary
*Therapy based: example CBT

45
Q

Auditory Closure

A

refers to the ability to identify words when sounds in those words are distorted or masked by noise.

46
Q

Binaural Integration

A

refers to the ability, when presented with a different message at each ear, to identify those different message

47
Q

Binaural Separation

A

refers to the ability, when presented with a different message at each ear, to identify one message while ignoring
the other message.

48
Q

Auditory Temporal Patterning

A

refers to the ability to recognize stress and intonation changes that add to the meaning of speec

49
Q

Auditory Temporal Resolution

A

refers to the ability to detect rapid changes in a set of sounds and that is important given that speech itself is a rapidly changing set of sounds.

50
Q

Auditory Binaural Interaction

A

refers to the ability to use differences in timing, intensity, and/or frequency of sounds between the two ears that help us hear better in noise.

aud (2 decks)

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