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final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weather

A

can last minutes

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2
Q

climate

A

long term state of the weather

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3
Q

carbon footprint

A

the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions

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4
Q

carry capacity

A

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support

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5
Q

exponential growth

A

unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, when resources in its habitat are unlimited

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6
Q

climate change

A

change in weather patterns,
changes in ocean, land surfaces

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7
Q

greenhouse effect

A

process where the glasses in Earth’s atmosphere trap the heat from the sun

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8
Q

invasive species

A

nonnative species that disturbs the ecosystems in which has been introduced. They may harm other living things and the environment.

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9
Q

fossil fuels

A

energy sources formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms

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10
Q

renewable

A

A resource that can be replaced in a relatively short amount of time
Produce very little waste clean for the environment

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11
Q

natural selection

A

organsisns that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others

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12
Q

artificial selection

A

identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals and the steps taken to enhance those traits in future generations

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13
Q

vestigial structure

A

'’leftover’’ traces of evolution that serve no purpose
thought to be from ancestors

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14
Q

mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

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15
Q

fossil

A

a record of the history of life on Earth

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16
Q

comparative embryology

A

when two species evolve in response to changes in one another

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17
Q

comparative atamomy

A

comparing different structures on organisms to understand their ancestral relationships

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18
Q

adaption

A

an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival in its unique environment

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19
Q

darwin

A

father of evolution
made natural selection
went on 5 year trip

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20
Q

species

A

a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature

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21
Q

fitness

A

ability to survive long enough to reproduce

22
Q

haploid

A

The word used for a cell with half DNA

23
Q

dipliod

A

the segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently to that of any other gene

24
Q

gene

A

segment of DNA that determines a trait

25
Q

allele

A

1,or 2+ alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation

26
Q

phenotype

A

set of observable traits

27
Q

genotype

A

genetic constitution of individual organism

28
Q

miesos

A

process of making sex cells

29
Q

mitosis

A

The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells

30
Q

recombination

A

the process by which DNA strands are broken and repaired, producing new combinations of alleles

31
Q

crossing over

A

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes

32
Q

genetic variation

A

difference in DNA among individuals

33
Q

chromozone

A

threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carries genetic info in form of genes

34
Q

heterozygous

A

different letters or alleles

35
Q

homozygous

A

organisms with 2 of the same allele

36
Q

mendel

A

studied peas

37
Q

gamete

A

sex cells like sperm and eggs

38
Q

sister chromatids

A

more than one trait is always expressed even in a heterozygote

39
Q

punnett square

A

Used to predict the possible gene makeup of offspring

40
Q

codon

A

DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information

41
Q

nondisjunction

A

The passing on of physical or mental characteristics from one generation to another

42
Q

replication

A

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself

43
Q

translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

44
Q

transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

45
Q

ribosome

A

made of RNA and protein. And their function in the cell is to read RNA and synthesize protein

46
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

47
Q

centromere

A

when chromosomes exchange pieces of genetic information

48
Q

codominance

A

more than one trait is always expressed even in heterozygote

49
Q

nucleotide

A

the monomers of nucleic acids that when combined make up the polymers DNA and RNA

50
Q

nonrenewable

A

a natural substance that is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed

biology (6 decks)

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