final Flashcards
weather
can last minutes
climate
long term state of the weather
carbon footprint
the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions
carry capacity
The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support
exponential growth
unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, when resources in its habitat are unlimited
climate change
change in weather patterns,
changes in ocean, land surfaces
greenhouse effect
process where the glasses in Earth’s atmosphere trap the heat from the sun
invasive species
nonnative species that disturbs the ecosystems in which has been introduced. They may harm other living things and the environment.
fossil fuels
energy sources formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms
renewable
A resource that can be replaced in a relatively short amount of time
Produce very little waste clean for the environment
natural selection
organsisns that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others
artificial selection
identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals and the steps taken to enhance those traits in future generations
vestigial structure
'’leftover’’ traces of evolution that serve no purpose
thought to be from ancestors
mutation
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell
fossil
a record of the history of life on Earth
comparative embryology
when two species evolve in response to changes in one another
comparative atamomy
comparing different structures on organisms to understand their ancestral relationships
adaption
an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival in its unique environment
darwin
father of evolution
made natural selection
went on 5 year trip
species
a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature
fitness
ability to survive long enough to reproduce
haploid
The word used for a cell with half DNA
dipliod
the segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently to that of any other gene
gene
segment of DNA that determines a trait
allele
1,or 2+ alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation
phenotype
set of observable traits
genotype
genetic constitution of individual organism
miesos
process of making sex cells
mitosis
The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
recombination
the process by which DNA strands are broken and repaired, producing new combinations of alleles
crossing over
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes
genetic variation
difference in DNA among individuals
chromozone
threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carries genetic info in form of genes
heterozygous
different letters or alleles
homozygous
organisms with 2 of the same allele
mendel
studied peas
gamete
sex cells like sperm and eggs
sister chromatids
more than one trait is always expressed even in a heterozygote
punnett square
Used to predict the possible gene makeup of offspring
codon
DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information
nondisjunction
The passing on of physical or mental characteristics from one generation to another
replication
The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself
translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA
transcription
the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA
ribosome
made of RNA and protein. And their function in the cell is to read RNA and synthesize protein
zygote
fertilized egg
centromere
when chromosomes exchange pieces of genetic information
codominance
more than one trait is always expressed even in heterozygote
nucleotide
the monomers of nucleic acids that when combined make up the polymers DNA and RNA
nonrenewable
a natural substance that is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed
