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modern world 11 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

yikes

1
Q

The Enlightenment

A

A cultural movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith

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2
Q

Natural Rights

A
  • Life, Liberty, and Property
  • Cannot be restricted by human laws (inalienable rights)
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3
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of government all share equal power

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4
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

-France is experiencing a financial crisis
-Third estate has to pay too many taxes
-Power is unevenly distributed
-Rise in Enlightenment ideas

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5
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

Was developed to defend France against foreign enemies during the Revolution

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6
Q

Haitian Revolution

A

-Caused by brutal slavery, spreading of enlightenment ideas from France to Haiti, and French colonization

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7
Q

Napoleon/Napoleonic Code

A

Napoleonic code:
- all male citizens equal under the law
- protects wealth and private property
- women related back to secondary status
-press and political freedoms are limited

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8
Q

Congress of Vienna

A
  • Reinstates monarchies after Napoleon’s downfall
  • Reorganizes Europe
  • How to balance powers in Europe
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9
Q

Nationalism

A

Feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

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10
Q

Imperialism

A

extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

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11
Q

Industrialization

A

the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

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12
Q

Social Darwinism

A

the idea that some people are more successful/powerful in a society because they are innately better

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13
Q

Berlin Conference

A

when European countries planned to discuss how to divide up Africa

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14
Q

Causes of WW1

A

M: militarism
A: alliances
N: nationalism
I: imperialism
A: assasination

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15
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Goal: severely punish Germany
- demilitarization
- reparations
- loss of territory

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16
Q

Weimar Republic

A

Name of Germany during the interwar years
- Democratic

17
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Leader of the Nazi party

18
Q

Rise of the Nazi Party

A
  • Night of Long Knives
  • Nuremberg Laws
  • Kristallnacht
19
Q

Totalitarianism

A

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

20
Q

Appeasement

A

Diplomatic policy of making
political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict

21
Q

Antisemitism/Holocaust

A
  • Ghettos
  • Nuremberg laws
  • Kristallnacht
  • The Final Solution (how the nazis were going to exterminate Jews)
  • Concentration/death camps
22
Q

Causes of the Russian Revolution

A
  • Economic problems
  • Bolsheviks
  • Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
  • October Rev.
  • Famine
23
Q

Effects of Industrialization

A
  • Increases employment opportunities
  • Creates middle class
  • Lessens wage gap
24
Q

Capitalism

A

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

25
Q

Socialism

A

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

26
Q

Communism

A

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

27
Q

Stalin’s 5 Year Plans

A
  • Goal was to turn Russia into a global superpower
  • Change from agricultural economy –> industrial economy
28
Q

Containment

A

Containment of communism
(us doesn’t want communism to spread)

29
Q

Spheres of Influence

A

a territory or region where an external group or institution holds power or authority in a foreign territory

30
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A
  • Poor peasants/workers resented foreigners’ special privileges + Chinese Christians for adopting a foreign faith
  • Created the Society of Righteous & Harmonious Fists= Boxers
    results:
  • Strong sense of nationalism
  • China must resist more foreign intervention
  • Government must respond to their needs
31
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Mao Zedong = one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party
- Believed he could bring revolution to a rural country, where the peasants could be the true revolutionaries

32
Q

Cultural Revolution

A
  • Goal: Cleanse China of anti-revolutionary influences
  • Purge of the Four Olds: Old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas
33
Q

The Great Leap Forward

A

Mao’s 5 year plan:
- Change China from a predominantly agrarian society to a modern,
industrial society –> IMPOSSIBLE IN TIME FRAME
- Moved millions into communes; all work shared
- Farming cooperatives or small manufacturing
- Daily tasks collectivized (e.g. cooking, childcare)

34
Q

Tiananmen Square Protests

A
  • Started April 1989
  • <100,000 occupy Tiananmen Sq
  • Protest for democracy
  • Gained widespread support
  • Many called for Deng Xiaoping to resign
  • Deng declared martial law

modern world 11 (4 decks)

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