FINAL Flashcards
What elements were synthesized to make up the Byzantine Empire?
Changed administrative structures and cultural orientation. Military and administrative reform, revised laws, and refocused its culture- particularly it’s religious practices.
What great Christian church did Justinian build in Constantinople in the 6th c. AD?
The church of Hagia Sophia
What is Monophysitism?
One-nature-ism
5th century
emerged as a result of bitter quarrels between Christian thinkers and Alexandria and antioch
What is Iconoclasm?
“Image breaking.”
Rejection or destruction of religious pictures called “icons”
Who was the Russian ruler who helped convert his people to Christianity?
-Vladimir The Great
What is the name for the Islamic theological imperative to conquer territory and place it under the rule of Muslim law?
Muhammad
What are the usual names for the three periods of the Middle Ages?
Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages
What do we mean by the phrase “Carolingian renaissance”?
Rebirt; Charlemagne’s reforms culminated in a revival of learning; it was a major revival of learning, combined with reform of religious and political institutions, that occurred under Charlemagne and his successors
Where was Charlemagne’s capital?
Aachen
a palace
group of buildings with residential, political, and religious purposes, chosen by Charlemagne to be the center of power of the Carolingians empire
located at the north of the current city of Aachen, today in the German land of North Rhiane-Westphalia.
Name Charlemagne’s most important scholar.
Alcuin of York
Name some of Charlemagne’s principal enemies.
Charles Martel- Mayor of the Frank
What did Charlemagne depend on to administer his empire?
Divided the kingdom into reigns managed by counts. He made his officials swear oaths of fealty. He has missi domini, or the lords messengers, travel the kingdom and report back to him about the counts governing, compliments from the people, and the success of various laws.
Who were the Vikings, and what did they do? Did they found any European states?
Mainly Danes and Norwegians, they seeks booty, glory, and political opportunity. Began settling in Ireland , England, North Western France (“Normany-the region of the North Men”), and Rus (early russia)
Who is the the founder of the Holy Roman Empire? Crowned emperor in 962.
Otto I
What French word does our word “chivalry” come from?
Chevalerie
When was the First Crusade declared?
1095 AD
Which crusade did Richard the Lion-Hearted participate in?
The 3rd Crusade
Was the Spanish Reconquista successful in recovering Spain from the Muslims? What year did the Reconquista end?
Yes it was successful. Captured the Muslim strong hold and old Visigothic, captial of Toledo, important moral and strategic victory in 1085 AD
What was William the Conquerors “Domesday Book” created for?
Massive survey of England in 1086 AD. Survey to learn as much as he good about the new kingdom and about fiefs he had assigned to his followers
Why was the Archbishop Thomas Becket murdered in 1170?
In June 1170 AD Roger De Pont levque, the Archbishop of York along with Gilbert Foliot, the Bishop of London and Josceline de beohon, the bishop Salisbury, crowned Henry the young king of York. This was a breach of Canterbury privilege of coronation, and in November 1170, Becket excommunicated all three. While the three men fled to the king of Normandy, Becket continued to excommunicate his opponents in the church, the news of which also reached Henry. When Henry heard this news about Becket he is said to have uttered words that were interpreted by his men as wishing Becket dead. Whatever was said was interpreted as royal command and four knights set out to confront the archbishop of Canterbury, Becket
What is the significance of the Magna Carta?
Document required the king to respect the rights of feudal lords, not abuse his judicial powers, and consult his natural advisors- that is the barons.
When were universities created and why?
Early decades of the 12th century- unofficial.
University of Paris- later decades of the 12th century.
What did St. Thomas Aquinas think about natural and revealed truth?
The kinds of things that any person can know through the operation of reason.
natural truths-that anyone can know ex: that God exists
Revealed truths-that can be none only through faith in God’s revelation ex; the trinity.
Did medieval scholastics believe in a rational, loving God who had created a world that was both intelligible and good?
Yes
