Final

Question 1

Recommended Total Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Normal Weight-
Underweight-
Overweight- 
Obese-
Twins-

Answer 1

Normal Weight- 25-35 lbs
Underweight- 28-40 lbs
Overweight- 15-25 lbs
Obese- <15 lbs
Twins 35-45 lbs

Question 2

Weight Gain pattern for 3 trimesters

Answer 2

1st trimester- 3-5lbs

2nd-3rd trimester averaged about 1 lb/ week

Question 3

Additional _________-_________ k/cal a day in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.

Answer 3

Additional 350-450 k/cal

Question 4

What is the minimum amount of carbohydrates a day for pregnant women (in grams).

Answer 4

175g/ day minimum carbs a day.

Question 5

Treatment for morning sickness:

Answer 5

• avoid empty stomach
• eat small frequent meals
• high carbs/ avoid fats
• consider taking supplements at bed time

Question 6

Treatments that attempt to remedy gestational diabetes:

Answer 6

-strict control of blood sugar during pregnancy through diet, exercise, and medication.

Question 7

What are the risks associated with high caffeine intake during pregnancy?

Answer 7

More than 1-2 cups of caffeine a day can increase:

• miscarriage
• preterm birth
• low birth weight

Question 8

Signs that show if a breastfed infant has had enough milk.

Answer 8

• Infant has 6+ wet diapers a day
• Shows normal weight gain
• Passes 1+ stool/day
• Softening of breast tissue
• 2-3 weeks to establish breast feeding routine
• Try not to introduce bottle until breast feeding is well established

Question 9

Common food allergies in children:

Answer 9

• Wheat
• Peanuts
• Cows milk
• Soy
• Eggs
• Seafood

Question 10

Food and beverages that infants should not have:

Answer 10

• Foods they can choke on
• Corn syrup or honey
• Goats or cow milk
• Fruit Juice
• too much salt or sugar, breast milk, or formula

Question 11

Common foods that are introduced at certain times to infants:
4-6 months:
6-8 months:
7-10 months: 
9-12 months:

Answer 11

4-6 months: Rice cereal
6-8 months: Single Strained Vegetables
7-10 months: Finger Foods
9-12 months: Yogurt

Question 12

Most common nutrient deficiency in children:

Answer 12

Iron deficiency (anemia)

Question 13

How much fat (%) should toddlers consume?

Answer 13

25-35% of total energy from fat

Question 14

At what age is it appropriate to begin giving children low-fat milk.

Answer 14

After the age of 2.

Question 15

What happens to a toddler’s appetite at exactly 1 year of age?

Answer 15

decreases markedly (significantly)

Question 16

What is the recommended amount of carbs for school aged children (4-13)?

Answer 16

130g

Question 17

What are the factors that result in weight loss in the elderly?

Answer 17

(The D’s)

Dementia, drugs, dysphogia, dysgesia, dentition, diarrhea, depression, disease, dysfunction

Question 18

What is sarcopenic obesity?

Answer 18

It is the loss of lean muscle mass accompanied with fat gain. This condition may result in an individual staying the same body weight, but have a very negative alteration in body composition.

Question 19

What may improve memory and decrease the risk of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 19

• Folate
• Vitamin B12
• Omega-3
• Macronutrients

Question 20

What nutrients provide energy?

Answer 20

• Amino acids
• Proteins
• Fats
• Lipids
• Saccharides/ carbohydrates
• Alcohol (ethanol) also provides energy but is not considered a nutrient.

Question 21

RDA

Answer 21

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Question 22

Where does most digestion occur?

Answer 22

In the small intestine.

Question 23

What are the roles of amino acids and proteins?

Answer 23

• To support growth and maintenance of body tissues.
  - repair, replace, and turnover
• function as enzymes
  
  • digestive and cellular

Question 24

What diseases are caused by B1(thiamin), B3 (niacin), B9 (folate), and iodine deficiencies?

Answer 24

B1- Beri- Beri
B3- Pellagra
B9- Macrocytic anemia; neurotube defect
Iodine defficiencies- scurvy

Question 25

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 25

To provide energy

Question 26

Where does a healthy human lose most water?

Answer 26

Urination

Question 27

Fatty acids grouped by the amount of double bonds

• No double bonds:
• One Double bond:
• More than one double bond:

Answer 27

• No double bonds: Saturated
• One Double bond: Monounsaturated
• More than one double bond: Polyunsaturated

Question 28

What products contain cholesterol?

Answer 28

All animal products

Question 29

What is the best way to increase HDL?

Answer 29

By increasing physical activity (exercise).

Question 30

What is the main function of Vitamin K?

Answer 30

Blood coagulation

Question 31

How to convert g/lbs body weight:

Answer 31

lb/ 2.2 = X kg

Xkg * 0.8 = Yg of protein

Question 32

What are the antioxidants?

Answer 32

• Vitamin E, C, and A.

- Beta-carotene and selenium

Question 33

What are the effects of dietary fiber?

Answer 33

• Attracts water in colon (softens stools)

- Stimulates bacterial fermentation (produces short chain fatty acids)

Question 34

What are the major storage sites for glycogen?

Answer 34

The muscles and the liver.

Question 35

How many calories are in 
Carbs:
Proteins:
Fats: 
Alcohol-

Answer 35

Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Proteins: 4 kcal/g
Fats: 9 kcal/g
Alcohol- 7 kcal/g

Question 36

What are the benefits of regular physical activity?

Answer 36

• Reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure.
• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes

Question 37

Know the BMI categories:
Underweight:
Normal Weight: 
Overweight:
Obese: 
Morbid Obese:

Answer 37

Underweight: <18.5
Normal Weight: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese: 30-39.9
Morbid Obese: 40+

Question 38

How does insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar?

Answer 38

• Insulin- lowers blood sugar

- Glucagon- raises blood sugar