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Histology > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

fertilization and implantation occur

A

preimplantation period

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2
Q

period involving embryo growing to fetus

A

fetal period

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3
Q

2nd week to 8th week of prenatal development

A

embryonic period

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4
Q

action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue

A

induction

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5
Q

controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts

A

proliferation

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6
Q

change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct, both structurally and functionally

A

differentiation

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7
Q

development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions

A

morphogenesis

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8
Q

attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

A

maturation

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9
Q

originates directly from epiblast layer

A

ectoderm

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10
Q

future dermis, muscle, and bone

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

layer of cuboidal cells in the embryo

A

endoderm

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12
Q

considered by many to be the fourth embryonic layer

A

neural crest cells

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13
Q

prenatal organ that joins pregnant women and developing embryo

A

placenta

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14
Q

furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in middle of embryonic disc

A

primitive streak

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15
Q

have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into diverse types of connective tissue-forming cells

A

mesenchyme

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16
Q

location of future primitive mouth of embryo

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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17
Q

location of future terminal end of embryo’s digestive tract

A

cloacal membrane

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18
Q

specialized group of cells differentiates from the ectoderm

A

neuroectoderm

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19
Q

elimination of groove between 2 adjacent swellings of tissues or processes on embryo surface

A

fusion

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20
Q

mesoderm additionally differentiates and begins to divide into paired cuboidal aggregates of cells

A

somites

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21
Q

study of microscopic structure and function of cells and tissues

A

histology

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22
Q

smallest living unit of organization

A

cell

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23
Q

collection of similarly specialized cells

A

tissue

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24
Q

independent body part formed from tissues

A

organ

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25
Q

organs functioning together

A

system

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26
Q

semifluid portion contained within cell membrane boundary

A

cytoplasm

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27
Q

chromatin condenses into chromosomes

A

prophase

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28
Q

mitotic spindle forms

A

metaphase

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29
Q

migration of chromatids to opposite poles by mitotic spindle

A

anaphase

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30
Q

reappearance of the nuclear membrane

A

telophase

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31
Q

cells between divisions

A

interphase

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32
Q

specialized metabolically active structures within the cell

A

organelles

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33
Q

fluid portion within nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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34
Q

tissue type that covers and lines external and internal body surface

A

epithelium

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35
Q

extensions of epithelium into connective tissue as appear on histological section

A

rete ridges

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36
Q

thin, acellular, chemical-based structure located between any form of epithelium and its underlying connective tissue

A

basement membrane

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37
Q

by weight, most abundant type of basic tissue in body

A

connective tissue

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38
Q

immature connective tissue with few fibers and increased amount of blood vessels

A

granulation tissue

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39
Q

lamina propria acts as a periosteum to underlying jaws

A

mucoperiostium

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40
Q

gland present in the submucosa deep to the lamina propria of the circumvallate lingal papillae

A

Ebner’s

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41
Q

oral landmark may be noted on the soft palate

A

uvula

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42
Q

line of demarcation between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa is the

A

mucogingival junction

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43
Q

root of mature and fully erupted tooth is composed of

A

dentin, pulp, and cementum

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44
Q

facial feature located laterally to each naris

A

nasal ala

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45
Q

lips outlined from surrounding skin by transition zone called

A

vermilion border

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46
Q

which structure can be palpated in the anterior midline of neck

A

thyroid cartilage

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47
Q

statement concerning zygomatic arch correct

A

the external ear is posterior

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48
Q

which lingual papillae are located on lateral surface of tongue

A

foliate papillae

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49
Q

structure not visible in any portion on intraoral exam

A

laryngopharynx

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50
Q

labial commisures of face located at the

A

corners of mouth

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51
Q

orofacial structure located in midline of face or neck

A

philtrum

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52
Q

the sternocleidomastoid muscle separates which of the two sets of orofacial structures

A

anterior cervical triangle, posterior cervical triangle

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53
Q

the oral tissues closest to inner cheek are described as

A

buccal

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54
Q

on which orofacial tissue is linea alba located

A

buccal mucosa

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55
Q

which tissue will develop from ectoderm layer of embryo

A

epidermis

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56
Q

medial nasal processes involved directly in formation of embryo’s _____ of nose

A

bridge

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57
Q

structure initially forms during 3rd week of prenatal development

A

primitive streak

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58
Q

disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane enlarges the

A

stomodenum

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59
Q

from which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived?

A

epiblast layer

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60
Q

statement concerning prenatal development correct

A

initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week

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61
Q

which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation

A

embryonic period

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62
Q

neural tube from early prenatal development will from which structure?

A

spinal cord

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63
Q

which week of prenatal development is palate complete?

A

12th

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64
Q

the mandibular arch during the embryonic period is the

A

fusion of the two mandibular processes

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65
Q

the primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc, causing

A

bilateral symmetry

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66
Q

what structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the 5th week of prenatal development

A

primary palate

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67
Q

type of cleft lip can result from lack of fusion between

A

medial nasal and maxillary processes

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68
Q

which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo

A

fourth

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69
Q

which facial structure is formed from the mandibular arch

A

lower face

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70
Q

neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structure?

A

neural folds

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71
Q

which phrase concerning the second branchial arch is correct?

A

it contains Reichert’s cartilage

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72
Q

which structure is the palatine tonsillar tissue derived

A

second pharyngeal pouches

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73
Q

tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from

A

the first four branchial arches

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74
Q

the oropharyngeal membrane of the embryo

A

is located superior to the first branchial arch

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75
Q

the frontonasal process is a swelling that appears over the developing brain in the embryo and forms the

A

forehead

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76
Q

the fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the

A

change in the position of the tongue

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77
Q

during which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate?

A

third week

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78
Q

by the end of the 1st week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes

A

implantation

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79
Q

which of the following changes occurs to those specific cells from the enamel organ which will differentiate into preameloblasts

A

they repolarize their nuclei

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80
Q

which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root

A

cervical loop

81
Q

if a tooth has 2 roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation?

A

two

82
Q

the dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the

A

oral epithelium

83
Q

enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves

A

interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts

84
Q

which statement concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is correct

A

the shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent

85
Q

how many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition?

A

10

86
Q

nonsuccedanous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of the

A

primary second molar’s dental lamina

87
Q

the outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate into

A

ondontoblasts

88
Q

Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the periodontal ligament?

A

dental follicle

89
Q

Which portion of the enamel organ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium?

A

stratum intermedium

90
Q

When is the palate formed?

A

spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods

91
Q

What portion of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to?

A

two-thirds of the hard palate

92
Q

The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is considered the

A

mixed dnetition period

93
Q

Which of the following statements are correct when considering odontogenesis?

A

parallels the formation of the face

94
Q

Where does the dental lamina begin to form initially in the developing dental arches?

A

near the midline

95
Q

What is known etiology of supernumerary teeth?

A

hereditary factors

96
Q

Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous?

A

molars

97
Q

which of the following is the most common complication associated with dens invaginatus?

A

lingual pit formation

98
Q

What is the term used for the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts?

A

repolarization

99
Q

What is the angled portion of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix?

A

Tome’s process

100
Q

In which of the following doe the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development?

A

ovum

101
Q

How many x-type of chromosomes enables the embryo to become a female when present?

A

two

102
Q

When does the blastocyte stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development?

A

1st week

103
Q

Which tissue usually uses both interstitial and appositional growth to attain their final size?

A

cartilage

104
Q

. What function is performed by the Golgi complex in the cell?

A

packages protein compounds

105
Q

The attached gingiva and buccal mucosa are mainly pinkish in color and not reddish due to

A

increased thickness of epithelial layers

106
Q

the basal layer of oral mucosa generally has (not sure if it says basal, pic was blurry)

A

cells undergoing mitosis

107
Q

when viewing the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth though a microscope which of the following can be

A

extesnive vascular supply

108
Q

the most common type of connective tissues such as the pulp and periosdontal ligament is the

A

fibroblast

109
Q

Which type of bone tissue contains (idk what the word is)

A

compact

110
Q

Which tissue provides nutrition for the underlying compact bone?

A

periosteum

111
Q

Which area of the oral cavity is categorized as a lining mucosa?

A

soft palate

112
Q

in a lymph node, B-cell lymphocytes mature in the

A

germinal centers

113
Q

In salivary glands, which of the following structures is composed of secretory epithelial cells?

A

acinus

114
Q

Which of the following statements concerning pigmentation in the oral cavity is correct?

A

pigmentation serves no known function in the oral cavity

115
Q

Which of the following basic tissue types is characterized by many different types of cells surrounded by large amounts of intercellular substance with vascularization present?

A

connective tissue

116
Q

During cell division, microtubules attach to the chromosomes at the

A

centromere

117
Q

Which type of blood cell is directly responsible for immunoglobulin production?

A

plasma cells

118
Q

Sharpey’s fibers are located in which dental tissue?

A

cementum

119
Q

Which dental tissue provides the vascular nutrition for the tooth’s cementum?

A

periodontal ligament

120
Q

. Which pulp structure is formed when Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel?

A

accessory canal

121
Q

. During tooth development, the cervical loop is

A

the area where root formation begins

122
Q

type of tissue makes up the bulk of the lamina propria of the oral mucosa?

A

connective tissue

123
Q

The peritubular dentin is that found surrounding each odontoblasitc process is

A

more calcified than intertubular dentin

124
Q

The connective tissue capsule surrounding the salivary gland is continuous with the connective tissue septa that run between the epithelial components creating

A

lobes and lobules

125
Q

Which term is used to describe the alveolar bone proper?

A

cribriform plate

126
Q

The rests of Malassez are correctly described as

A

remnants of Hertwig’s root sheath

127
Q

. Pulp and dentin are products of the

A

dental papilla

128
Q

(154) Which of the following structures is not considered part of the periodontium

A

basal bone

129
Q

(155) which tissue is most likely the source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planning?

A

periodontal ligament

130
Q

(156)which of the following fiber groups of the periodontal ligament do not contribute to the tooth’s anchorage?

A

gingival fiber group

131
Q

which is not a part of the gingival fiber group

A

interdental fiber group

132
Q

anchoring fibrils are found

A

in the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa

133
Q

the epithelial attachment refers to the internal basal lamina and the

A

hemidesmosomes of the basal cells

134
Q

the rests of Malassez are

A

cells derived from odontogenic epithelium

135
Q

. each alveolus is lined with which of the following

A

cribriform plate of compact bone

136
Q

secondary dentin usually forms within the tooth

A

after the completion of the apical foramen

137
Q

dentin is on the average about _____% mineralized by weight

A

70

138
Q

on radiographs, the periodontal ligament appears as a

A

radiolucent space

139
Q

which of the following situations can be present at the cementoenamel junction

A

cementum overlaps enamel

140
Q

the foramen cecum of the tongue is a

A

depression of the apex of the sulcus terminalis

141
Q

what is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxyapatite

A

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

142
Q

in which location is the cell body of the odontoblast found in a mature, healthy, erupted tooth?

A

in the outer pupal wall

143
Q

what describes a pronounced band due to the trauma of birth present on the cross section of both enamel and dentin

A

neonatal line

144
Q

what statement concerning the oblique group of the periodontal ligament is correct?

A

it resists intrusive forces to the tooth

145
Q

with increased age, the pulp tissue can become

A

increasingly fibrotic

146
Q

which protion of the jaws contains cancellous bone?

A

interdental septum

147
Q

which salivary gland is associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae and secrete only serous saliva?

A

von ebners

148
Q

which paranasal sinuses may be compromised with a periapical infection in a permanent maxillary molar?

A

maxillary sinus

149
Q

which gland is unencapsulated?

A

sublingual gland

150
Q

the attached gingiva of the oral cavity consists of which type of mucosa?

A

masticatory mucosa

151
Q

melanin pigment is synthesized in which of the following cells?

A

melanosomes

152
Q

keratohyalin granules are located in which of the following epithelial layers?

A

stratum granulosum

153
Q

of the various epithelia that make up the gingiva, which one does not normally keratinize?

A

junctional epithelium

154
Q

the most permeable section of the gingiva is considered which of the following

A

junctional epithelium

155
Q

the most common type of connective tissue fiber in the periodontium is which group?

A

collagen

156
Q

which fiber group does not have any cemental insertion?

A

gingival

157
Q

which cell types is not renewable during the lifetime of the tooth

A

ameloblasts

158
Q

the periodontal ligament forms which portion of the developing tooth germ

A

dental sac

159
Q

dentin is produced as a result of secretion by

A

odontoblasts

160
Q

cementoblasts originate from which embryonic structure?

A

dental sac

161
Q

the alveolar bone proper of the jaws refers to the

A

layer of compact bone lining the alveolus

162
Q

the failure of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to what anomaly?

A

enamel pearl

163
Q

cellular cementum is most likely found around which root region?

A

apical portion of root

164
Q

the lamina dura noted on radiographs corresponds to which structure?

A

alveolar bone proper of the alveolar process

165
Q

cells are grouped together to form

A

tissues

166
Q

what is the term for the amount of time it takes for newly divided cells to be completely replaced through a tissue?

A

turnover

167
Q

which of the following tissues covers and lines both the external and internal body surfaces?

A

epithelium

168
Q

what is the special term used for the simple squamous epithelium that lines the vessels and serious cavities of the body?

A

endothelium

169
Q

what is the name given to the clot that forms during repair of the dermis?

A

scab

170
Q

t/f:

the face and its related tissues begin to form during the sixth week of prenatal development

A

false

171
Q

t/f: facial development is completed during the 12th week of prenatal development

A

true

172
Q

t/f:

the stomodeum initially appears as a shallow depression in the embryonic surface ectoderm at the cephalic end

A

true

173
Q

t/f:
the paired medial nasal processes also fused internally and grow inferiorly on the inside of the stomodeum, forming the intermaxillary segment

A

true

174
Q

t/f:

the upper lip is formed when each maxillary process fuses with each medial nasal process

A

true

175
Q

t/f:
the stacked bilateral swellings of the tissue that appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch are the branchial pouches

A

false

176
Q

t/f:

palatal fusion allows the fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of the embryo

A

true

177
Q

t/f:

the secondary palate will give rise to the anterior third of the hard palate

A

false

178
Q

t/f:

the tongue develops during the fourth to 8th weeks of prenatal development

A

true

179
Q

t/f:

tongue development beings as a triangular median swelling, the tuberculum impar.

A

true

180
Q

t/f:

the copula is formed from the fusion of mesenchyme of mainly the 3rd and parts of the 4th branchial arches

A

true

181
Q

t/f:

the foramen cecum is the beginning of the thymus

A

false

182
Q

t/f:

the oral epithelium grows deeper into the ectomesenchyme and is induced to produce a layer called the dental membrane

A

false

183
Q

t/f:

a depression results in the deepest part of each tooth bud of dental lamina and forms the enamel knot

A

false

184
Q

t/f:

the dental papilla will produce the future dentin and pulp tissue for the inner portion of the tooth

A

false

185
Q

t/f:

the interdental gingiva assumes a non visible concave form between the facial and lingual surfaces called the col

A

true

186
Q

t/f:

healthy attached gingiva is pink in color, with some areas of melanin pigmentation possible

A

true

187
Q

t/f:

in some cases, a free gingival groove separates the sulcular gingiva from the marginal gingiva

A

true

188
Q

t/f:

the dentogingival junction is the junction between the tooth surface and the periodontal ligament tissues

A

false

189
Q

t/f:
before the eruption of the tooth and after enamel maturation, the ameloblasts secrete a basal lamina on the surface that serves as a portion of the primary epithelial attachment

A

true

190
Q

t/f:

an endocrine gland is a gland having a duct associated with it

A

false

191
Q

t/f:

mucoserous acini have both a group of mucous cells surrounding the lumen and a serous demilune

A

true

192
Q

t/f:

more than one myoepithelial cell can sometimes be found on a single acinus

A

false

193
Q

t/f:

the submandibular salivary gland is the smallest, most diffuse, and only unencapsulated major salivary gland

A

false

194
Q

t/f:

tissue fluid drains from the surrounding region into the lymphatic vessels as lymph

A

true

195
Q

t/f:

the palatine tonsils are four rounded masses of variable size located between the anterior and posterior faucial pillers

A

false

196
Q

t/f:
the lingual tonsil is an indistinct layer of diffuse lymphoid tissue located on the base of the lateral surface of the tongue

A

false

197
Q

t/f:

each lateral wall of the nasal cavity has 3 projecting structures, or nasal conchae, which extend inward

A

true

198
Q

t/f:

the nasal cavity is lined by a respiratory mucosa, like the rest of the respiratory system

A

true

199
Q

t/f:

the moist mucus forms a deep, invasive system in the respiratory mucosa

A

false

Histology (8 decks)

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