FINAL Flashcards
fertilization and implantation occur
preimplantation period
period involving embryo growing to fetus
fetal period
2nd week to 8th week of prenatal development
embryonic period
action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue
induction
controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts
proliferation
change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct, both structurally and functionally
differentiation
development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions
morphogenesis
attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis
maturation
originates directly from epiblast layer
ectoderm
future dermis, muscle, and bone
mesoderm
layer of cuboidal cells in the embryo
endoderm
considered by many to be the fourth embryonic layer
neural crest cells
prenatal organ that joins pregnant women and developing embryo
placenta
furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in middle of embryonic disc
primitive streak
have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into diverse types of connective tissue-forming cells
mesenchyme
location of future primitive mouth of embryo
oropharyngeal membrane
location of future terminal end of embryo’s digestive tract
cloacal membrane
specialized group of cells differentiates from the ectoderm
neuroectoderm
elimination of groove between 2 adjacent swellings of tissues or processes on embryo surface
fusion
mesoderm additionally differentiates and begins to divide into paired cuboidal aggregates of cells
somites
study of microscopic structure and function of cells and tissues
histology
smallest living unit of organization
cell
collection of similarly specialized cells
tissue
independent body part formed from tissues
organ
organs functioning together
system
semifluid portion contained within cell membrane boundary
cytoplasm
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
prophase
mitotic spindle forms
metaphase
migration of chromatids to opposite poles by mitotic spindle
anaphase
reappearance of the nuclear membrane
telophase
cells between divisions
interphase
specialized metabolically active structures within the cell
organelles
fluid portion within nucleus
nucleoplasm
tissue type that covers and lines external and internal body surface
epithelium
extensions of epithelium into connective tissue as appear on histological section
rete ridges
thin, acellular, chemical-based structure located between any form of epithelium and its underlying connective tissue
basement membrane
by weight, most abundant type of basic tissue in body
connective tissue
immature connective tissue with few fibers and increased amount of blood vessels
granulation tissue
lamina propria acts as a periosteum to underlying jaws
mucoperiostium
gland present in the submucosa deep to the lamina propria of the circumvallate lingal papillae
Ebner’s
oral landmark may be noted on the soft palate
uvula
line of demarcation between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa is the
mucogingival junction
root of mature and fully erupted tooth is composed of
dentin, pulp, and cementum
facial feature located laterally to each naris
nasal ala
lips outlined from surrounding skin by transition zone called
vermilion border
which structure can be palpated in the anterior midline of neck
thyroid cartilage
statement concerning zygomatic arch correct
the external ear is posterior
which lingual papillae are located on lateral surface of tongue
foliate papillae
structure not visible in any portion on intraoral exam
laryngopharynx
labial commisures of face located at the
corners of mouth
orofacial structure located in midline of face or neck
philtrum
the sternocleidomastoid muscle separates which of the two sets of orofacial structures
anterior cervical triangle, posterior cervical triangle
the oral tissues closest to inner cheek are described as
buccal
on which orofacial tissue is linea alba located
buccal mucosa
which tissue will develop from ectoderm layer of embryo
epidermis
medial nasal processes involved directly in formation of embryo’s _____ of nose
bridge
structure initially forms during 3rd week of prenatal development
primitive streak
disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane enlarges the
stomodenum
from which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived?
epiblast layer
statement concerning prenatal development correct
initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week
which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation
embryonic period
neural tube from early prenatal development will from which structure?
spinal cord
which week of prenatal development is palate complete?
12th
the mandibular arch during the embryonic period is the
fusion of the two mandibular processes
the primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc, causing
bilateral symmetry
what structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the 5th week of prenatal development
primary palate
type of cleft lip can result from lack of fusion between
medial nasal and maxillary processes
which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo
fourth
which facial structure is formed from the mandibular arch
lower face
neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structure?
neural folds
which phrase concerning the second branchial arch is correct?
it contains Reichert’s cartilage
which structure is the palatine tonsillar tissue derived
second pharyngeal pouches
tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from
the first four branchial arches
the oropharyngeal membrane of the embryo
is located superior to the first branchial arch
the frontonasal process is a swelling that appears over the developing brain in the embryo and forms the
forehead
the fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the
change in the position of the tongue
during which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate?
third week
by the end of the 1st week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes
implantation
which of the following changes occurs to those specific cells from the enamel organ which will differentiate into preameloblasts
they repolarize their nuclei
which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root
cervical loop
if a tooth has 2 roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation?
two
the dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the
oral epithelium
enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves
interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts
which statement concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is correct
the shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent
how many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition?
10
nonsuccedanous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of the
primary second molar’s dental lamina
the outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate into
ondontoblasts
Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the periodontal ligament?
dental follicle
Which portion of the enamel organ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium?
stratum intermedium
When is the palate formed?
spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods
What portion of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to?
two-thirds of the hard palate
The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is considered the
mixed dnetition period
Which of the following statements are correct when considering odontogenesis?
parallels the formation of the face
Where does the dental lamina begin to form initially in the developing dental arches?
near the midline
What is known etiology of supernumerary teeth?
hereditary factors
Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous?
molars
which of the following is the most common complication associated with dens invaginatus?
lingual pit formation
What is the term used for the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts?
repolarization
What is the angled portion of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix?
Tome’s process
In which of the following doe the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development?
ovum
How many x-type of chromosomes enables the embryo to become a female when present?
two
When does the blastocyte stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development?
1st week
Which tissue usually uses both interstitial and appositional growth to attain their final size?
cartilage
. What function is performed by the Golgi complex in the cell?
packages protein compounds
The attached gingiva and buccal mucosa are mainly pinkish in color and not reddish due to
increased thickness of epithelial layers
the basal layer of oral mucosa generally has (not sure if it says basal, pic was blurry)
cells undergoing mitosis
when viewing the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth though a microscope which of the following can be
extesnive vascular supply
the most common type of connective tissues such as the pulp and periosdontal ligament is the
fibroblast
Which type of bone tissue contains (idk what the word is)
compact
Which tissue provides nutrition for the underlying compact bone?
periosteum
Which area of the oral cavity is categorized as a lining mucosa?
soft palate
in a lymph node, B-cell lymphocytes mature in the
germinal centers
In salivary glands, which of the following structures is composed of secretory epithelial cells?
acinus
Which of the following statements concerning pigmentation in the oral cavity is correct?
pigmentation serves no known function in the oral cavity
Which of the following basic tissue types is characterized by many different types of cells surrounded by large amounts of intercellular substance with vascularization present?
connective tissue
During cell division, microtubules attach to the chromosomes at the
centromere
Which type of blood cell is directly responsible for immunoglobulin production?
plasma cells
Sharpey’s fibers are located in which dental tissue?
cementum
Which dental tissue provides the vascular nutrition for the tooth’s cementum?
periodontal ligament
. Which pulp structure is formed when Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel?
accessory canal
. During tooth development, the cervical loop is
the area where root formation begins
type of tissue makes up the bulk of the lamina propria of the oral mucosa?
connective tissue
The peritubular dentin is that found surrounding each odontoblasitc process is
more calcified than intertubular dentin
The connective tissue capsule surrounding the salivary gland is continuous with the connective tissue septa that run between the epithelial components creating
lobes and lobules
Which term is used to describe the alveolar bone proper?
cribriform plate
The rests of Malassez are correctly described as
remnants of Hertwig’s root sheath
. Pulp and dentin are products of the
dental papilla
(154) Which of the following structures is not considered part of the periodontium
basal bone
(155) which tissue is most likely the source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planning?
periodontal ligament
(156)which of the following fiber groups of the periodontal ligament do not contribute to the tooth’s anchorage?
gingival fiber group
which is not a part of the gingival fiber group
interdental fiber group
anchoring fibrils are found
in the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa
the epithelial attachment refers to the internal basal lamina and the
hemidesmosomes of the basal cells
the rests of Malassez are
cells derived from odontogenic epithelium
. each alveolus is lined with which of the following
cribriform plate of compact bone
secondary dentin usually forms within the tooth
after the completion of the apical foramen
dentin is on the average about _____% mineralized by weight
70
on radiographs, the periodontal ligament appears as a
radiolucent space
which of the following situations can be present at the cementoenamel junction
cementum overlaps enamel
the foramen cecum of the tongue is a
depression of the apex of the sulcus terminalis
what is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxyapatite
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
in which location is the cell body of the odontoblast found in a mature, healthy, erupted tooth?
in the outer pupal wall
what describes a pronounced band due to the trauma of birth present on the cross section of both enamel and dentin
neonatal line
what statement concerning the oblique group of the periodontal ligament is correct?
it resists intrusive forces to the tooth
with increased age, the pulp tissue can become
increasingly fibrotic
which protion of the jaws contains cancellous bone?
interdental septum
which salivary gland is associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae and secrete only serous saliva?
von ebners
which paranasal sinuses may be compromised with a periapical infection in a permanent maxillary molar?
maxillary sinus
which gland is unencapsulated?
sublingual gland
the attached gingiva of the oral cavity consists of which type of mucosa?
masticatory mucosa
melanin pigment is synthesized in which of the following cells?
melanosomes
keratohyalin granules are located in which of the following epithelial layers?
stratum granulosum
of the various epithelia that make up the gingiva, which one does not normally keratinize?
junctional epithelium
the most permeable section of the gingiva is considered which of the following
junctional epithelium
the most common type of connective tissue fiber in the periodontium is which group?
collagen
which fiber group does not have any cemental insertion?
gingival
which cell types is not renewable during the lifetime of the tooth
ameloblasts
the periodontal ligament forms which portion of the developing tooth germ
dental sac
dentin is produced as a result of secretion by
odontoblasts
cementoblasts originate from which embryonic structure?
dental sac
the alveolar bone proper of the jaws refers to the
layer of compact bone lining the alveolus
the failure of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to what anomaly?
enamel pearl
cellular cementum is most likely found around which root region?
apical portion of root
the lamina dura noted on radiographs corresponds to which structure?
alveolar bone proper of the alveolar process
cells are grouped together to form
tissues
what is the term for the amount of time it takes for newly divided cells to be completely replaced through a tissue?
turnover
which of the following tissues covers and lines both the external and internal body surfaces?
epithelium
what is the special term used for the simple squamous epithelium that lines the vessels and serious cavities of the body?
endothelium
what is the name given to the clot that forms during repair of the dermis?
scab
t/f:
the face and its related tissues begin to form during the sixth week of prenatal development
false
t/f: facial development is completed during the 12th week of prenatal development
true
t/f:
the stomodeum initially appears as a shallow depression in the embryonic surface ectoderm at the cephalic end
true
t/f:
the paired medial nasal processes also fused internally and grow inferiorly on the inside of the stomodeum, forming the intermaxillary segment
true
t/f:
the upper lip is formed when each maxillary process fuses with each medial nasal process
true
t/f:
the stacked bilateral swellings of the tissue that appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch are the branchial pouches
false
t/f:
palatal fusion allows the fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of the embryo
true
t/f:
the secondary palate will give rise to the anterior third of the hard palate
false
t/f:
the tongue develops during the fourth to 8th weeks of prenatal development
true
t/f:
tongue development beings as a triangular median swelling, the tuberculum impar.
true
t/f:
the copula is formed from the fusion of mesenchyme of mainly the 3rd and parts of the 4th branchial arches
true
t/f:
the foramen cecum is the beginning of the thymus
false
t/f:
the oral epithelium grows deeper into the ectomesenchyme and is induced to produce a layer called the dental membrane
false
t/f:
a depression results in the deepest part of each tooth bud of dental lamina and forms the enamel knot
false
t/f:
the dental papilla will produce the future dentin and pulp tissue for the inner portion of the tooth
false
t/f:
the interdental gingiva assumes a non visible concave form between the facial and lingual surfaces called the col
true
t/f:
healthy attached gingiva is pink in color, with some areas of melanin pigmentation possible
true
t/f:
in some cases, a free gingival groove separates the sulcular gingiva from the marginal gingiva
true
t/f:
the dentogingival junction is the junction between the tooth surface and the periodontal ligament tissues
false
t/f:
before the eruption of the tooth and after enamel maturation, the ameloblasts secrete a basal lamina on the surface that serves as a portion of the primary epithelial attachment
true
t/f:
an endocrine gland is a gland having a duct associated with it
false
t/f:
mucoserous acini have both a group of mucous cells surrounding the lumen and a serous demilune
true
t/f:
more than one myoepithelial cell can sometimes be found on a single acinus
false
t/f:
the submandibular salivary gland is the smallest, most diffuse, and only unencapsulated major salivary gland
false
t/f:
tissue fluid drains from the surrounding region into the lymphatic vessels as lymph
true
t/f:
the palatine tonsils are four rounded masses of variable size located between the anterior and posterior faucial pillers
false
t/f:
the lingual tonsil is an indistinct layer of diffuse lymphoid tissue located on the base of the lateral surface of the tongue
false
t/f:
each lateral wall of the nasal cavity has 3 projecting structures, or nasal conchae, which extend inward
true
t/f:
the nasal cavity is lined by a respiratory mucosa, like the rest of the respiratory system
true
t/f:
the moist mucus forms a deep, invasive system in the respiratory mucosa
false
