Final

Question 1

Dates for the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods

Answer 1

5th-15th century, 1400-1600

Question 2

Definitions of the names of these periods; meanings behind the naming of these periods

Answer 2

Middle Ages or Dark Ages because the people looking back on this period thought there was very little education and musical influence during this period.
Renaissance Period is considered the rebirth of the Greek mythology.

Question 3

Musical characteristics of Gregorian chant and how they relate to the text

Answer 3

Monophonic, Male voices used, responsorial (2 or more parts that respond to each other), antiphonal (sound returning), direct (without altering), syllabic (almost every syllable has a single note), neumatic , melisma, melismatic (long passages with a single syllable)
The number of Medieval church modes 8

Question 4

The difference between the Ordinary and the Proper of the Mass

Answer 4

The Ordinary is five parts Kyrie, Gloria, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
The mass proper contains all the ordinary as well as other parts of the mass. The texts vary from day to day and are collectively called the mass proper.

Question 5

The movements of the Mass Ordinary

Answer 5

Kyrie, Gloria, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

Question 6

What is meant by antiphonal, direct, and responsorial performance of chant

Answer 6

• antiphonal: two groups or halves of choirs that alternate the music
• direct: no alternating occurs, it is a direct group of singers
• Responsorial: soloist alternates with the choir or congregation

Question 7

Why Guido D’Arezzo is remembered by music history

Answer 7

• Guido D’Arezzo is known for creating a system that told singers exactly what pitch to
  sing. It is sometimes considered the very beginning of notation.
• Guidonian Hand- Sort of the earliest form of solfege

Question 8

The most famous composers of the school of Notre Dame and of the Ars Nova

Answer 8

• Léonin-was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum.
• Pérotin- was one of the first composers to experiment with 3-4 part polyphony

Question 9

Why Boethius is important to the study of the Middle Ages

Answer 9

-Most revered authority on music in the MA
-viewed music as a science
-Three Divisions:
-Musica mundana - music of universe
-Musica humana - human music
-Musica instrumentalis - instrumental music (voices considered instrumental in this
sense)

Question 10

Who used modal rhythms. Also, who used isorhythm.

Answer 10

-Rhythmic Modes: Musicians at Notre Dame
-Isorhythm: musicians of the Ars Nova, Particularly Philippe de Vitry
but also Machaut

Question 11

Why Machaut’s La Messe de Nostre Dame is important

Answer 11

-it was one of the earliest polyphonic settings of the Mass Ordinary, probably the first
polyphonic mass to be written by a single composer and conceived as a unit

Question 12

The dominant musical textures of Renaissance music

Answer 12

Imitative Polyphony and Homophony

Question 13

The primary sacred genres of the Renaissance

Answer 13

• Motet
• Magnificat
• Polyphonic settings of the Mass Ordinary

Question 14

The musical genres that resulted from the Reformation

Answer 14

• Chorale (Luther)
• Psalter (Calvin)
• Anthem (Byrd)

Question 15

The significance of the Renaissance madrigal and how it related to technological innovations

Answer 15

• the ability to sing and read music became a factor of social status
• brought music into homes
• Artistic Identity
• Printing press

Question 16

The definition of a Renaissance consort

Answer 16

• a distinctively English genre for voice accompanied by a consort of viols (string
  ensemble)
• mastered by William Byrd
• a distinctively English genre for voice accompanied by a consort of viols (string
  ensemble)
• mastered by William Byrd

Question 17

The importance of abstract genres developed for performance by instruments
Some of the compositional devices used by Renaissance composers to give the Mass Ordinary musical coherence

Answer 17

-stylistic-set in same style
-Plainsong- each movement based on an existing chant for that text
-Motto Mass- use of same thematic material in all movements of the, this motive was
called a head-motive
-Cantus Firmus Mass- the use of a head-motive combined with constructing each one
around the same cantus firmus (usually placed in the tenor)
-using a common tune, but changing the rhythmic values, 3:2:1

Question 18

Who are Guillame Du Fay and Josquin Desprez?

Answer 18

Du Fay: 1397-1474

       - French 
       - most famous of his time
       - Burgundian court, Cathedral of Cambrai 
       - blended national musical traits

Josquin: 1450-1521

       - highly renowned
       - "the master of the notes..."
       - Motets
       - Text depiction

Question 19

be able to order names correctly

Answer 19

Gregory I (590-604)
Guido D'Arezzo (1025ish)
Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)
Bernart de Ventadorn (1170s)
Leonin (1150s-1201)
Perotin (late 12th -early 13th centuries) 
Machaut (1300-1377)
Du Fay 1397-1474
Josquin 1450-1521
Martin Luther 1483-1546
Jean Calvin 1509-1564
Palestrina 1525-1594
William Byrd 1540-1623
Baroque Composers Below
Monteverdi 1567-1643
Frescobaldi 1583-1643
Corelli 1653-1713
Vivaldi 1678-1741
Rameau 1683-1764
Bach 1685-1750
D. Scarlatti 1685-1757
Handel 1685-1759