Final Flashcards
consolidation
Brain forms a permanent representation of memory
prefrontal area
Directs search strategy for retrieval in the hippocampus.
Hippocampus. (role in memory)
stores information temporarily in the hippocampal formation, then over time, a more permanent memory is consolidated elsewhere in the brain.
where does it appear most long term memories are stored
prefrontal cortex
place cells
- Increase firing when an individual is in a specific location
in an environment
– Collectively form a “spatial map”
– Dependent on environmental cues and landmarks
– Also found in humans and primates
schizophrenia
a debilitating disorder characterized by perceptual, emotional, and intellectual deficits that include loss of contact with reality and an inability to function in life.
Hebb rule
If an axon of a presynaptic
neuron is active while the
postsynaptic neuron is firing,
the synapse will be
strengthened
acute vs chronic symptoms of schizophrenia
acute
_ Develop suddenly
– More responsive to treatment
– Prognosis reasonably good
chronic
- Symptoms develop gradually and persist for a long
time
– Poor prognosis
vulnerability model
- Some threshold of causal forces must be exceeded in
order for the illness to occur
– Environmental challenges combine with a person’s
genetic vulnerability to exceed that threshold
hallucinations
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
– Reduces depression by inducing a seizure
– Can be more effective than antidepressant drugs, but
short-lived
– Increases synchrony over large brain areas
monoamine hypothesis of depression
- Depression involves reduced activity at
norepinephrine and serotonin synapses
– Effective antidepressant drugs increase the activity of
NE and/or S
bipolar disorder
Alternate between periods of depression and
mania
– Excess energy, decreased need for sleep and
increased sex drive and (often) drug use
– In some cases, a period of agitation replaces
mania
nicotine’s effect on depression
sleep (function, purpose, mechanisms, stages)
purpose: unclear
function:
mechanism:
stages:
restorative hypothesis
Species with higher metabolic rates typically
spend more time in sleep
adaptive hypothesis
The amount of sleep depends on the
availability of food and on safety
considerations
circadian rhythm
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the main “clock”
zeitgeber
environmental stimuli that regulate
sleep/wake cycle
sleep and learning
REM rebound
