Exam #3 Flashcards
Chapters #9-11
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to describe sound stimuli?
Clarity
Which of the following best describes the part of the ear that is fluid filled ?
Inner Ear
The auditory cortex is located in which of the brain’s lobes?
Temporal Lobe
The use of inotationa, emphasis, and rhythm to convey meaning of speech is called _____.
Prosody
Risk for dyslexia is associated with which of the following?
Poor connections between Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
Bonobos are proficient with _____ and have taught their ____ sign language.
American Sign Language, offspring
The dorsal stream of auditory information encodes ______, and the ventral stream encodes ______ information.
“Where”, “What”
Helmholtz proposed that the basilaar membrane was like ____.
Piano strings
True or False:
The ability to sort out meaningful information in a complex sound is called the cocktail party effect.
True
True or False:
The range of human hearing is approximately 20 Hz to 2000 Hz.
False
True or False:
Every sensory syste must have a specialized receptor.
True
Receptor
a cell or specialized neuron that
– Responds to a particular form of energy (adequate
stimulus)
– Intensity and pattern of information make information meaningful
Adequate Stimulus
The energy form which that receptor is specialized.
Sensation
The acquisition of sensory information.
Perception
The interpretation of sensory information.
What happens in the Cochlea?
Where auditory stimulus is converted into neural impulses, contains thousands of moving parts.
Frequency
Number of cycles or waves of alternating compression and decompression of the vibrating medium per second.
Pitch
Our psychological perception of the frequency of a sound.
Ex. More waves per second corresponds to higher perceived pitch.
Intensity
Physical energy in a sound.
Loudness
Our perception of a sound’s intensity.
Proprioception
Sense that informs us about the position and movement of our limbs, body, and head
Common skin senses
Touch, warmth, cold, texture, and pain.
Why is there so many receptors for touch?
Touch is a complex sense that conveys several types of information.
Range of human hearing
15-20,000 Hz
Ossicles
Hammer, stirrup, anvil
cochlea
- Organ of Corti with hair cells
- Basilar and tectorial membrane
Hair cells
fire at same
frequency as a sound wave
– Volley – combining
several hair cells
Cone
Iodopsin
- Focus more on the fovea
Rods
Rhodopsin
- Contain light-sensitive photopigments
Receptive cells
Rod
- Large, due to convergence on ganglion cells; contributes to light sensitivity.
Cone
- Small, with one or a few cones converging on a single ganglion cell; contributes to detail vision.
Pain detection
several receptors types
(Thermal TRP receptor)
— TRPV1 heat pain receptor capsaicin (found in
chili peppers) alleviates pain in joints by
fatiguing the receptors
–– TRPM8 coolness receptor (menthol)
Vestibular sense
Head position, movement, balance
Dermatone
areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine.
Gate Theory
- Pain causes endorphins released from the periaqueductal gray (PAG)
- Inhibits substance P release
– Pain ”gate” closed in the spinal cord
phantom pain
80-90% of amputees
- Neurons from other body areas invade the area that normally receives input from the missing limb
– Treatment – functional prosthesis, mirror box (mirror neurons)
Naloxone
Life-saving medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids—including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription opioid medications—when given in time.
Body integrity identity disorder
Describes the extremely rare phenomenon of persons who desire the amputation of one or more healthy limbs or who desire paralysis.
Opiates
Stimulates opiate receptors, block pain in the CNS.
