Exam #3

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to describe sound stimuli?

Answer 1

Clarity

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the part of the ear that is fluid filled ?

Answer 2

Inner Ear

Question 3

The auditory cortex is located in which of the brain’s lobes?

Answer 3

Temporal Lobe

Question 4

The use of inotationa, emphasis, and rhythm to convey meaning of speech is called _____.

Answer 4

Prosody

Question 5

Risk for dyslexia is associated with which of the following?

Answer 5

Poor connections between Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

Question 6

Bonobos are proficient with _____ and have taught their ____ sign language.

Answer 6

American Sign Language, offspring

Question 7

The dorsal stream of auditory information encodes ______, and the ventral stream encodes ______ information.

Answer 7

“Where”, “What”

Question 8

Helmholtz proposed that the basilaar membrane was like ____.

Answer 8

Piano strings

Question 9

True or False:
The ability to sort out meaningful information in a complex sound is called the cocktail party effect.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False:
The range of human hearing is approximately 20 Hz to 2000 Hz.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or False:
Every sensory syste must have a specialized receptor.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

a cell or specialized neuron that
– Responds to a particular form of energy (adequate
stimulus)
– Intensity and pattern of information make information meaningful

Question 13

Adequate Stimulus

Answer 13

The energy form which that receptor is specialized.

Question 14

Sensation

Answer 14

The acquisition of sensory information.

Question 15

Perception

Answer 15

The interpretation of sensory information.

Question 16

What happens in the Cochlea?

Answer 16

Where auditory stimulus is converted into neural impulses, contains thousands of moving parts.

Question 17

Frequency

Answer 17

Number of cycles or waves of alternating compression and decompression of the vibrating medium per second.

Question 18

Pitch

Answer 18

Our psychological perception of the frequency of a sound.

Ex. More waves per second corresponds to higher perceived pitch.

Question 19

Intensity

Answer 19

Physical energy in a sound.

Question 20

Loudness

Answer 20

Our perception of a sound’s intensity.

Question 21

Proprioception

Answer 21

Sense that informs us about the position and movement of our limbs, body, and head

Question 22

Common skin senses

Answer 22

Touch, warmth, cold, texture, and pain.

Question 23

Why is there so many receptors for touch?

Answer 23

Touch is a complex sense that conveys several types of information.

Question 24

Range of human hearing

Answer 24

15-20,000 Hz

Question 25

Ossicles

Answer 25

Hammer, stirrup, anvil

Question 26

cochlea

Answer 26

• Organ of Corti with hair cells
• Basilar and tectorial membrane

Question 27

Hair cells

Answer 27

fire at same
frequency as a sound wave
– Volley – combining
several hair cells

Question 28

Cone

Answer 28

Iodopsin
- Focus more on the fovea

Question 29

Rods

Answer 29

Rhodopsin
- Contain light-sensitive photopigments

Question 30

Receptive cells

Answer 30

Rod
- Large, due to convergence on ganglion cells; contributes to light sensitivity.

Cone
- Small, with one or a few cones converging on a single ganglion cell; contributes to detail vision.

Question 31

Pain detection

Answer 31

several receptors types
(Thermal TRP receptor)
— TRPV1 heat pain receptor capsaicin (found in
chili peppers) alleviates pain in joints by
fatiguing the receptors
–– TRPM8 coolness receptor (menthol)

Question 32

Vestibular sense

Answer 32

Head position, movement, balance

Question 33

Dermatone

Answer 33

areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine.

Question 34

Gate Theory

Answer 34

• Pain causes endorphins released from the periaqueductal gray (PAG)
• Inhibits substance P release
  – Pain ”gate” closed in the spinal cord

Question 35

phantom pain

Answer 35

80-90% of amputees
- Neurons from other body areas invade the area that normally receives input from the missing limb
– Treatment – functional prosthesis, mirror box (mirror neurons)

Question 36

Naloxone

Answer 36

Life-saving medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids—including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription opioid medications—when given in time.

Question 37

Body integrity identity disorder

Answer 37

Describes the extremely rare phenomenon of persons who desire the amputation of one or more healthy limbs or who desire paralysis.

Question 38

Opiates

Answer 38

Stimulates opiate receptors, block pain in the CNS.